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Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Aug 2000Direct immunofluorescence assays (DFAs) are used in the clinical virology laboratory for the rapid detection of viruses. An assessment of the cellularity of specimens...
Direct immunofluorescence assays (DFAs) are used in the clinical virology laboratory for the rapid detection of viruses. An assessment of the cellularity of specimens submitted for DFA is necessary for the most effective use of this assay. This assessment ensures that an adequate number of the appropriate cells are present for examination. During this assessment, clinical virologists may encounter unfamiliar cellular elements or cellular fragments. One of these elements, ciliocytophthoria, has been misinterpreted as a parasite in specimens submitted for cytologic testing. We describe a similar case in which a technologist thought that ciliocytophthoria possibly represented a ciliated parasite in a nasopharyngeal specimen sent for respiratory syncytial virus DFA. After a thorough morphologic examination, the staff dismissed the possibility of a ciliated parasite. We confirmed this entity as ciliocytophthoria using morphologic criteria and the Diff-Quik stain. This near misidentification of ciliocytophthoria as a ciliated parasite affords us the opportunity to raise the awareness of clinical virologists about ciliocytophthoria. Additionally, we briefly review useful features for differentiating ciliocytophthoria from the only ciliate parasitic for humans, Balantidium coli. Finally, we present the utility of a commonly used cytologic stain, the Diff-Quik stain, for the confirmation of ciliocytophthoria.
Topics: Artifacts; Balantidiasis; Cilia; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Epithelial Cells; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Virology
PubMed: 10923088
DOI: 10.5858/2000-124-1220-CICV -
The American Journal of Pathology 1956
Topics: Balantidiasis; Humans; Medical Records
PubMed: 13372746
DOI: No ID Found -
Folia Primatologica; International... 2017Coproscopical methods like sedimentation and flotation techniques are widely used in the field for studying simian gastrointestinal parasites. Four parasites of known... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Coproscopical methods like sedimentation and flotation techniques are widely used in the field for studying simian gastrointestinal parasites. Four parasites of known zoonotic potential were studied in a free-ranging, non-provisioned population of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx): 2 nematodes (Necatoramericanus/Oesophagostomum sp. complex and Strongyloides sp.) and 2 protozoan species (Balantidium coli and Entamoeba coli). Different coproscopical techniques are available but they are rarely compared to evaluate their efficiency to retrieve parasites. In this study 4 different field-friendly methods were compared. A sedimentation method and 3 different McMaster methods (using sugar, salt, and zinc sulphate solutions) were performed on 47 faecal samples collected from different individuals of both sexes and all ages. First, we show that McMaster flotation methods are appropriate to detect and thus quantify large protozoan cysts. Second, zinc sulphate McMaster flotation allows the retrieval of a higher number of parasite taxa compared to the other 3 methods. This method further shows the highest probability to detect each of the studied parasite taxa. Altogether our results show that zinc sulphate McMaster flotation appears to be the best technique to use when studying nematodes and large protozoa.
Topics: Animals; Balantidiasis; Balantidium; Chromadorea; Entamoeba; Entamoebiasis; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Mandrillus; Monkey Diseases; Parasite Egg Count; Parasite Load; Parasitology; Secernentea Infections
PubMed: 29041010
DOI: 10.1159/000480233 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Sep 2014
Topics: Animals; Balantidiasis; Balantidium; Enteritis; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 25181267
DOI: 10.2460/javma.245.6.643 -
Bulletin of the World Health... 1980This article reviews available knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, immunology, diagnosis, and therapy of parasite-related diarrhoeas of...
This article reviews available knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, immunology, diagnosis, and therapy of parasite-related diarrhoeas of public health importance, primarily amoebiasis, giardiasis, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, balantidiasis, coccidioses, schistosomiasis, and capillariasis. Research priorities are recommended in each of these fields with the aim of developing better means of prevention and treatment.
Topics: Diarrhea; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Nematode Infections; Protozoan Infections; Schistosomiasis
PubMed: 6971185
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Cytology 2016Balantidiasis is a rare zoonotic disease in humans. is the causative ciliated protozoan. We present a case of urinary balantidiasis in a patient having chronic...
Balantidiasis is a rare zoonotic disease in humans. is the causative ciliated protozoan. We present a case of urinary balantidiasis in a patient having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who was on steroids for a long time. He has no symptoms of bowel or urinary involvement. We are reporting this case because of its rarity in human urine and also for future references.
PubMed: 27756993
DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.188063 -
Gut Oct 1978
Topics: Amebiasis; Amebicides; Animals; Balantidiasis; Coccidiosis; Giardiasis; Humans; Isospora; Protozoan Infections
PubMed: 710965
DOI: 10.1136/gut.19.10.940 -
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica Jun 2016Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni is a common ciliate in Hungary, infecting the hindgut of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a cyprinid fish of Chinese origin. Although...
Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni is a common ciliate in Hungary, infecting the hindgut of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a cyprinid fish of Chinese origin. Although data have already been presented on its occasional pathogenic effect on the endothelium of the host, generally it is a harmless inhabitant of the gut. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rDNA and ITS fragments of this protozoan proved that it is in the closest phylogenetic relationship with endocommensalist and symbiont ciliates of mammals feeding on large volumes of green forage, in a similar way as Balantidium spp. known from algae-eating marine fishes.
Topics: Animals; Balantidiasis; Balantidium; Carps; DNA, Protozoan; Fish Diseases; Phylogeny; RNA, Protozoan; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
PubMed: 27342092
DOI: 10.1556/004.2016.021 -
The New Microbiologica Apr 2013A 28-year-old man was hospitalized for a dysenteric syndrome that had developed during the previous days. Physical examination revealed abdominal pains, fever, vomiting...
A 28-year-old man was hospitalized for a dysenteric syndrome that had developed during the previous days. Physical examination revealed abdominal pains, fever, vomiting and more than ten liquid stools per day. Fresh stool examination showed numerous mobile ciliated trophozoites of Balantidium coli. The patient reported having been on a hike the previous weekend during which he had drunk water through a hydration pouch bladder. Complete resolution was observed after intravenous rehydration and ten days of oral treatment with metronidazole (Flagyl®). Balantidium coli is the largest ciliate protozoan able to infect humans. This parasite is common in pigs and has a worldwide distribution. Human infections, a rare event in industrialised countries, are usually acquired by ingestion of food or water contaminated by mammal faeces. Human B. coli infections are easily treated but may be severe and even fatal if neglected.
Topics: Adult; Balantidiasis; Balantidium; Dysentery; Feces; Fresh Water; Humans; Male
PubMed: 23686128
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2013Infections caused by the intestinal ciliate Neobalantidium coli are asymptomatic in most hosts. In humans and captive African great apes clinical infections occasionally...
Infections caused by the intestinal ciliate Neobalantidium coli are asymptomatic in most hosts. In humans and captive African great apes clinical infections occasionally occur, manifested mainly by dysentery; however, factors responsible for development of clinical balantidiasis have not been fully clarified. We studied the effect of dietary starch on the intensities of infection by N. coli in two groups of captive chimpanzees. Adult chimpanzees infected by N. coli from the Hodonín Zoo and from the Brno Zoo, Czech Republic, were fed with a high starch diet (HSD) (average 14.7% of starch) for 14 days, followed by a five-day transition period and subsequently with a period of low starch diet (LoSD) (average 0.1% of starch) for another 14 days. We collected fecal samples during the last seven days of HSD and LoSD and fixed them in 10% formalin. We quantified trophozoites of N. coli using the FLOTAC method. The numbers of N. coli trophozoites were higher during the HSD (mean ± SD: 49.0 ± 134.7) than during the LoSD (3.5 ± 6.8). A generalized linear mixed-effects model revealed significantly lower numbers of the N. coli trophozoites in the feces during the LoSD period in comparison to the HSD period (treatment contrast LoSD vs. HSD: 2.7 ± 0.06 (SE), z = 47.7; p<<0.001). We conclude that our data provide a first indication that starch-rich diet might be responsible for high intensities of infection of N. coli in captive individuals and might predispose them for clinically manifested balantidiasis. We discuss the potential nutritional modifications to host diets that can be implemented in part to control N. coli infections.
Topics: Animals; Ciliophora; Dietary Carbohydrates; Female; Pan troglodytes; Starch
PubMed: 24282589
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081374