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Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2019Bartonellosis are diseases caused by any kind of Bartonella species. The infection manifests as asymptomatic bacteremia to potentially fatal disorders. Many species are... (Review)
Review
Bartonellosis are diseases caused by any kind of Bartonella species. The infection manifests as asymptomatic bacteremia to potentially fatal disorders. Many species are pathogenic to humans, but three are responsible for most clinical symptoms: Bartonella bacilliformis, Bartonella quintana, and Bartonella henselae. Peruvian wart, caused by B. bacilliformis, may be indistinguishable from bacillary angiomatosis caused by the other two species. Other cutaneous manifestations include maculo-papular rash in trench fever, papules or nodules in cat scratch disease, and vasculitis (often associated with endocarditis). In addition, febrile morbilliform rash, purpura, urticaria, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, erythema marginatus, granuloma annularis, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, granulomatous reactions, and angioproliferative reactions may occur. Considering the broad spectrum of infection and the potential complications associated with Bartonella spp., the infection should be considered by physicians more frequently among the differential diagnoses of idiopathic conditions. Health professionals and researchers often neglected this diseases.
Topics: Bartonella; Bartonella Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Transfusion Reaction
PubMed: 31780437
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.09.024 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Feb 2021
PubMed: 33619074
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.201170-f -
Infectious Diseases in Clinical... Sep 2016Among culture-negative endocarditis in the United States, species are the most common cause, with and comprising the majority of cases. Kidney manifestations,... (Review)
Review
Among culture-negative endocarditis in the United States, species are the most common cause, with and comprising the majority of cases. Kidney manifestations, particularly glomerulonephritis, are common sequelae of infectious endocarditis, with nearly half of all patients demonstrating renal involvement. Although a pauci-immune pattern is a frequent finding in infectious endocarditis-associated glomerulonephritis, it is rarely reported in endocarditis. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positivity can be seen with many pathogens causing endocarditis and has been previously reported with species. In addition, ANCA-associated vasculitis can also present with renal and cardiac involvement, including noninfectious valvular vegetations and pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. Given the overlap in their clinical presentation, it is difficult to differentiate between endocarditis and ANCA-associated vasculitis but imperative to do so to guide management decisions. We present a case of ANCA-positive endocarditis with associated pauci-immune glomerulonephritis that was successfully treated with medical management alone.
PubMed: 27885316
DOI: 10.1097/IPC.0000000000000384 -
PloS One 2020During the two World Wars, Bartonella quintana was responsible for trench fever and is now recognised as an agent of re-emerging infection. Many reports have indicated...
During the two World Wars, Bartonella quintana was responsible for trench fever and is now recognised as an agent of re-emerging infection. Many reports have indicated widespread B. quintana exposure since the 1990s. In order to evaluate its prevalence in ancient populations, we used real-time PCR to detect B. quintana DNA in 400 teeth collected from 145 individuals dating from the 1st to 19th centuries in nine archaeological sites, with the presence of negative controls. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the prevalence of B. quintana in civil and military populations. B. quintana DNA was confirmed in a total of 28/145 (19.3%) individuals, comprising 78 citizens and 67 soldiers, 20.1% and 17.9% of which were positive for B. quintana bacteraemia, respectively. This study analysed previous studies on these ancient samples and showed that the presence of B. quintana infection followed the course of time in human history; a total of 14/15 sites from five European countries had a positive prevalence. The positive rate in soldiers was higher than those of civilians, with 20% and 18.8%, respectively, in the 18th and 19th centuries, but the difference in frequency was not significant. These results confirmed the role of dental pulp in diagnosing B. quintana bacteraemia in ancient populations and showed the incidence of B. quintana in both civilians and soldiers.
Topics: Bacteremia; Bartonella quintana; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Pulp; Europe; Fossils; Humans; Military Personnel; Paleodontology; Prevalence; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tooth; Trench Fever
PubMed: 33147255
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239526 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Nov 2017We investigated the microorganisms causing blood culture-negative endocarditis (BCNE) in Morocco. We tested 19 patients with BCNE by serologic methods, molecular...
We investigated the microorganisms causing blood culture-negative endocarditis (BCNE) in Morocco. We tested 19 patients with BCNE by serologic methods, molecular methods, or both and identified Bartonella quintana, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus equi, and Streptococcus oralis in 4 patients. These results highlight the role of these zoonotic agents in BCNE in Morocco.
Topics: Adult; Bartonella quintana; Blood Culture; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Male; Morocco; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 29048299
DOI: 10.3201/eid2311.161066 -
Diagnostic Pathology Jan 2022Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies is a useful diagnostic method for detecting pathogen antigens in fixed tissues, complementing the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies is a useful diagnostic method for detecting pathogen antigens in fixed tissues, complementing the direct diagnosis of infectious diseases by PCR and culture on fresh tissues. It was first implemented in a seminal publication by Albert Coons in 1941.
MAIN BODY
Of 14,198 publications retrieved from the PubMed, Google, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases up to December 2021, 230 were selected for a review of IHC techniques, protocols and results. The methodological evolutions of IHC and its application to the diagnosis of infectious diseases, more specifically lice-borne diseases, sexually transmitted diseases and skin infections, were critically examined. A total of 59 different pathogens have been detected once in 22 different tissues and organs; and yet non-cultured, fastidious and intracellular pathogens accounted for the vast majority of pathogens detected by IHC. Auto-IHC, incorporating patient serum as the primary antibody, applied to diseased heart valves surgically collected from blood culture-negative endocarditis patients, detected unidentified Gram-positive cocci and microorganisms which were subsequently identified as Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella quintana, Bartonella henselae and Tropheryma whipplei. The application of IHC to ancient tissues dated between the ends of the Ptolemaic period to over 70 years ago, have also contributed to paleomicrobiology diagnoses.
CONCLUSION
IHC plays an important role in diagnostic of infectious diseases in tissue samples. Paleo-auto-IHC derived from auto-IHC, is under development for detecting non-identified pathogens from ancient specimens.
Topics: Bartonella quintana; Communicable Diseases; Coxiella burnetii; Heart Valves; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 35094696
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01197-5 -
CMAJ Open 2022are gram-negative bacilli not identified by routine bacterial culture. The objectives of this study were to review the results of all serologic testing for ordered in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
are gram-negative bacilli not identified by routine bacterial culture. The objectives of this study were to review the results of all serologic testing for ordered in Manitoba, Canada, and to review cases with positive test results among adults to assess species identification, risk factors, clinical manifestations and outcomes.
METHODS
This retrospective study included all serologic tests ordered in Manitoba and performed at the National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, from Jan. 1, 2010, until Dec. 31, 2020. We analyzed the aggregate data for all serologic tests for for patients of all ages. We reviewed the charts of adult (age ≥ 18 yr) patients with serologic positivity for who had a medical chart at 1 of Winnipeg's 2 largest hospitals (Health Sciences Centre and St. Boniface Hospital) to extract clinical and demographic data and create a case series. Descriptive statistics were performed.
RESULTS
During the study period, 1014 serologic tests were ordered in adult and pediatric patients, of which 24 (2.4%) gave a positive result. Sixteen adults (12 men and 4 women; mean age 48 yr) seen at a participating hospital had a positive result. Molecular species-level identification occurred on explanted cardiac valves in 5 (31%) of the 16 cases; was identified in all 5. Six patients (38%) were diagnosed with probable infection, for a total of 11 cases (69%); 8 (73%) of the 11 had endocarditis. Four cases of infection (36%) were associated with rural residence. Four cases (25%) of probable were identified; 2 patients had fever and lymphadenopathy, and 2 had endocarditis. The remaining patient was deemed to have a false-positive result as his titre was at the threshold for positivity, his serologic test gave a negative result, and his clinical syndrome was not suggestive of infection. Two patients died; both had multivalvular endocarditis with ruptured intracranial mycotic aneurysms.
INTERPRETATION
was a common cause of serologic positivity among adults in Manitoba in 2010-2020 and was associated with endocarditis and systemic embolization. As is transmitted by body lice, active case finding for people who lack suitable housing, both in urban and rural settings, should prioritize those with elevated titres to receive echocardiography and detect endocarditis before systemic embolization occurs.
Topics: Adult; Bartonella; Canada; Child; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Male; Manitoba; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35640989
DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20210180 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jul 2017Since the reclassification of the genus in 1993, the number of species has grown from 1 to 45 currently designated members. Likewise, the association of different... (Review)
Review
Since the reclassification of the genus in 1993, the number of species has grown from 1 to 45 currently designated members. Likewise, the association of different species with human disease continues to grow, as does the range of clinical presentations associated with these bacteria. Among these, blood-culture-negative endocarditis stands out as a common, often undiagnosed, clinical presentation of infection with several different species. The limitations of laboratory tests resulting in this underdiagnosis of endocarditis are discussed. The varied clinical picture of infection and a review of clinical aspects of endocarditis caused by are presented. We also summarize the current knowledge of the molecular basis of pathogenesis, focusing on surface adhesins in the two species that most commonly cause endocarditis, and . We discuss evidence that surface adhesins are important factors for autoaggregation and biofilm formation by species. Finally, we propose that biofilm formation is a critical step in the formation of vegetative masses during -mediated endocarditis and represents a potential reservoir for persistence by these bacteria.
Topics: Bartonella; Bartonella Infections; Endocarditis; Humans
PubMed: 28490579
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00013-17