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Journal of Medical Cases May 2024This case report describes a novel therapy for patients with severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that is worth further investigation. A 19-year-old male adolescent...
This case report describes a novel therapy for patients with severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that is worth further investigation. A 19-year-old male adolescent with ASD, who was not responding to standard treatment received fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) using donor material from his typically developing female sibling. The patient's ASD symptoms were assessed by assessors who were blind to the patient's past ASD symptomatology. Assessors used the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), an observation-based rating scale to assess developmental delay in children with autism (range of CARS scores is 15 - 60; a score > 28 is indicative of autism; higher score is positively correlated with degree of severity), at baseline and again at six timepoints post-FMT. The patient experienced marked improvements in microbiome diversity and composition over the year and a half period that followed the FMT procedure. Additionally, the patient who was previously nonverbal said his first two words and experienced a reduction in aggression 1-month post-FMT. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the use of familial FMT in an adolescent patient with ASD. Given that ASD symptom improvements post-FMT tend to occur in younger patients, the authors hypothesize that the use of a familial donor may be an important factor that contributed to the improved outcomes experienced by this older child.
PubMed: 38715916
DOI: 10.14740/jmc4209 -
Microorganisms Apr 2024The worldwide reduction in the use of antibiotics in animal feed is fueling the need for alternatives for the prevention and control of poultry intestinal diseases such...
The worldwide reduction in the use of antibiotics in animal feed is fueling the need for alternatives for the prevention and control of poultry intestinal diseases such as necrotic enteritis (NE), which is caused by . This is the first report on the use of an intestinal epithelial chicken cell line (CHIC-8E11) to study the pathogenic traits of and to investigate the mode of action of cell-free supernatants (CFS) from probiotic AG01 and subsp. AG02 in reducing the pathogenicity of . The cell adhesion, permeability and cytotoxicity were assessed under challenge with four strains isolated from broiler NE episodes of differing geographical origin (CP1-UK; CP10-Sweden; 25037-CP01 and CP22-USA). All the strains could adhere to the CHIC-8E11 cells, with varying affinity (0.05-0.48% adhesion across the strains). The CFS from one out of two strains (CP22) increased the cell permeability (+4.5-fold vs. the control, < 0.01), as measured by the fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD4) content, with NetB toxin implicated in this effect. The CFS from all the strains was cytotoxic against the CHIC-8E11 cells in a dose- and strain-dependent manner (cytotoxicity 23-62% across the strains when dosed at 50 µL/mL, as assessed by the MTT cell viability assay). Pre-treatment of the cells with CFS from subsp. AG02 but not AG01 reduced the cell adhesion of three out of four strains (by 77-85% vs. the control, < 0.001) and reduced the negative effect of two NetB-positive strains on the cell permeability. The CFS of both probiotics alleviated the cytotoxicity of all the strains, which was dependent on the dose. The results confirm the suitability of the CHIC-8E11 cell line for the study of host-pathogen cell interactions in the context of NE caused by and reveal a beneficial mode of action of subsp. AG02 in reducing cell adhesion and, together with AG01, in reducing cytotoxicity.
PubMed: 38674783
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040839 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024As prebiotics, oligosaccharides are frequently combined with to develop synbiotic products. However, a highly diverse gene repertoire of is involved in sugar...
INTRODUCTION
As prebiotics, oligosaccharides are frequently combined with to develop synbiotic products. However, a highly diverse gene repertoire of is involved in sugar catabolism, and even phylogenetically close species may differ in their sugar utilization capabilities. To further explore the mechanism underlying the differences in subsp. oligosaccharide metabolism.
METHODS
This study screened strains with differential oligosaccharide metabolism. Subsequently, these strains were subjected to genome-wide resequencing and RT-qPCR.
RESULTS
The resequencing results indicated that the subspecies of subsp. had a high genome similarity. The RT-qPCR results revealed that glycosidase genes exhibited consistency in the phenotype of metabolism at the transcriptional level; the better the growth of the strains on the oligosaccharides, the higher was the expression of glycosidase genes related to the oligosaccharides. Our results suggested that the differences in the gene transcription levels led to intraspecies differences in the ability of the strains to metabolize oligosaccharides even when they belonged to the same subspecies.
DISCUSSION
Future studies with more sample size could generalizable the conclusion to all subsp. strains, thus would lay the theoretical foundation for the utilization of the subsp. strain as probiotics and the development of synbiotic products.
PubMed: 38659979
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1375384 -
PloS One 2024The human gut is a complex environment where the microbiota and its metabolites play a crucial role in the maintenance of a healthy state. The aim of the present work is...
The human gut is a complex environment where the microbiota and its metabolites play a crucial role in the maintenance of a healthy state. The aim of the present work is the reconstruction of a new in vitro minimal human gut microbiota resembling the microbe-microbe networking comprising the principal phyla (Bacillota, Bacteroidota, Pseudomonadota, and Actinomycetota), to comprehend the intestinal ecosystem complexity. In the reductionist model, we mimicked the administration of Maitake extract as prebiotic and a probiotic formulation (three strains belonging to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera), evaluating the modulation of strain levels, the release of beneficial metabolites, and their health-promoting effects on human cell lines of the intestinal environment. The administration of Maitake and the selected probiotic strains generated a positive modulation of the in vitro bacterial community by qPCR analyses, evidencing the prominence of beneficial strains (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis) after 48 hours. The bacterial community growths were associated with the production of metabolites over time through GC-MSD analyses such as lactate, butyrate, and propionate. Their effects on the host were evaluated on cell lines of the intestinal epithelium and the immune system, evidencing positive antioxidant (upregulation of SOD1 and NQO1 genes in HT-29 cell line) and anti-inflammatory effects (production of IL-10 from all the PBMCs). Therefore, the results highlighted a positive modulation induced by the synergic activities of probiotics and Maitake, inducing a tolerogenic microenvironment.
Topics: Humans; Grifola; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Ecosystem; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactobacillus; Bifidobacterium animalis; Probiotics
PubMed: 38603764
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301822 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Children have regional dynamics in the gut microbiota development trajectory. Hitherto, the features and influencing factors of the gut microbiota and fecal and plasma...
INTRODUCTION
Children have regional dynamics in the gut microbiota development trajectory. Hitherto, the features and influencing factors of the gut microbiota and fecal and plasma metabolites in children from Northwest China remain unclear.
METHODS
Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were performed on 100 healthy volunteers aged 2-12 years.
RESULTS
Age, body mass index (BMI), regular physical exercise (RPE), and delivery mode (DM) significantly affect gut microbiota and metabolites. , , , , and predicted pathway propanoate production were significantly increased with age while , , and carbohydrate degradation were decreased. Fecal metabolome revealed that the metabolism of caffeine, amino acids, and lipid significantly increased with age while galactose metabolism decreased. Noticeably, BMI was positively associated with pathogens including , , , and amino acid metabolism but negatively associated with beneficial , , , and caffeine metabolism. RPE has increased probiotic and , acetate and lactate production, and major nutrient metabolism in gut and plasma, but decreased pathobiont , taurine degradation, and pentose phosphate pathway. Interestingly, DM affects the gut microbiota and metabolites throughout the whole childhood. , , , primary bile acid, and neomycin biosynthesis were enriched in eutocia, while anti-inflammatory , , , and pathogenic , , and amino acid metabolism were enriched in Cesarean section children.
DISCUSSION
Our results provided theoretical and data foundation for the gut microbiota and metabolites in preadolescent children's growth and development in Northwest China.
Topics: Pregnancy; Child; Humans; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Caffeine; Cesarean Section; Urban Population; Metabolome; Amino Acids
PubMed: 38585649
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1374544 -
BMC Veterinary Research Apr 2024Probiotics are beneficial for animal health and new potential probiotics need to be characterized for their prospective use in improving animal health. In this study, 32...
Characterization of feline-originated probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus CACC612 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CACC789 and and evaluation of their host response.
BACKGROUND
Probiotics are beneficial for animal health and new potential probiotics need to be characterized for their prospective use in improving animal health. In this study, 32 bacterial strains were isolated from a Norwegian forest cat (castrated, 12 years old) and a Persian cat (castrated, 10 years old), which were privately owned and had indoor access.
RESULTS
Lactobacillus rhamnosus CACC612 (CACC612) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CACC789 (CACC789) were selected as potential probiotics; characterization of the two strains showed equivalent acid tolerance, similar cell adhesion rates on the HT-29 monolayer cell line, and superior bile tolerance compared to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Subsequently, they exhibited inhibitory effects against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria, including E. coli (KCTC 2617), Salmonella Derby (NCCP 12,238), Salmonella Enteritidis (NCCP 14,546), Salmonella Typhimurium (NCCP 10,328), Clostridium difficile JCM 1296T. From evaluating host effects, the viability of the feline macrophage cell line (Fcwf-4) increased with the treatment of CACC612 or CACC789 (P < 0.05). The induced expression of immune-related genes such as IFN-γ, IL1β, IL2, IL4, and TNF-α by immune stimulation was significantly attenuated by the treatment of CACC612 or CACC789 (P < 0.05). When 52 clinical factors of sera from 21 healthy cats were analyzed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the animals were obviously clustered before and after feeding with CACC612 or CACC789. In addition, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) significantly increased after CACC612 feeding (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, feline-originated probiotics were newly characterized and their potentially probiotic effects were evaluated. These results contribute to our understanding of the functional effects of feline-derived probiotics and support their industrial applications.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Bifidobacterium animalis; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Escherichia coli; Probiotics; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 38561808
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03975-3 -
Microorganisms Feb 2024Probiotics are live microorganisms with immunomodulatory effects in a strain-specific and dose-dependent manner. subsp. IU100 is a new probiotic strain isolated from...
Probiotics are live microorganisms with immunomodulatory effects in a strain-specific and dose-dependent manner. subsp. IU100 is a new probiotic strain isolated from healthy adults. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of IU100 on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression in mice. The results showed that IU100 significantly ameliorated CTX-induced decreases in body weight and immune organ indices. The promoted delayed-type hypersensitivity, serum hemolysins and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG and IgM) levels after IU100 treatment indicated its enhancing role in cellular and humoral immunity. In addition, oral administration of IU100 increased serum cytokine (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α) levels dose-dependently, which are associated with CTX-induced shifts in the Th1/Th2 balance. The probiotic IU100 also modulated the composition of gut microbiota by reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio; increasing beneficial and the NK4A136 group; and inhibiting harmful 1, and at the genus level. The above genera were found to be correlated with serum cytokines and antibody levels. These findings suggest that IU100 effectively enhances the immune function of immunosuppressed mice, induced by CTX, by regulating gut microbiota.
PubMed: 38543544
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030493 -
Exploring the In Vitro Antibacterial Potential of Specific Probiotic Strains against Oral Pathogens.Microorganisms Feb 2024The microbiota in the oral cavity has a strict connection to its host. Its imbalance may determine oral diseases and can also have an impact on the systemic health....
The microbiota in the oral cavity has a strict connection to its host. Its imbalance may determine oral diseases and can also have an impact on the systemic health. Probiotic strains may help in the restoration of a balanced condition. For this purpose, we screened the antibacterial and antiadhesive activities of many viable probiotic strains ( PBS066, LCR030, LG050, PBS067, PBS072, LRH020, subsp. BL050, LPC 1101, LPC 1082, and LPC 1114) against two main oral pathogens, and , involved in dental caries and periodontal disease development and progression. Considering both the agar overlay preventive and treatment models, seven probiotics determined greater inhibition zones against the tested pathogens. This behavior was further analyzed by the plate count method and scanning electron microscope imaging. PBS067, LRH020, LPC 1101, LPC 1082, and LPC 1114 prevent the growth and adhesion of oral pathogens in a strain-specific manner ( < 0.0001). These probiotics might be considered as an alternative effective adjuvant to improve oral and systemic well-being for future personalized treatments.
PubMed: 38543492
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030441 -
Nutrients Mar 2024The composition and diversity of gut microbiota significantly influence the immune system and are linked to various diseases, including inflammatory and allergy...
The composition and diversity of gut microbiota significantly influence the immune system and are linked to various diseases, including inflammatory and allergy disorders. While considerable research has focused on exploring single bacterial species or consortia, the optimal strategies for microbiota-based therapeutics remain underexplored. Specifically, the comparative effectiveness of bacterial consortia versus individual species warrants further investigation. In our study, we assessed the impact of the bacterial consortium MPRO, comprising HY7712, HY8002, and HY2782, in comparison to its individual components. The administration of MPRO demonstrated enhanced therapeutic efficacy in experimental models of atopic dermatitis and inflammatory colitis when compared to single strains. MPRO exhibited the ability to dampen inflammatory responses and alter the gut microbial landscape significantly. Notably, MPRO administration led to an increase in intestinal CD103CD11b dendritic cells, promoting the induction of regulatory T cells and the robust suppression of inflammation in experimental disease settings. Our findings advocate the preference for bacterial consortia over single strains in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, carrying potential clinical relevance.
Topics: Humans; Inflammation; Probiotics; Bifidobacterium animalis; Dermatitis, Atopic; Bacteria; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 38542701
DOI: 10.3390/nu16060790 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024Wall. (EWS) has extensive nutrients and functional active ingredients, which makes it an excellent potential substrate for fermentation. The improvement in the...
Wall. (EWS) has extensive nutrients and functional active ingredients, which makes it an excellent potential substrate for fermentation. The improvement in the antioxidant activity of Wall. juice (EWSJ) fermented by subsp. HN-3 (B.an3) could be attributed to the metabolism and biotransformation of plant-based products by the bacterial strain. To reveal the underlying mechanism, non-targeted metabolomics was applied in this study. After fermentation, the structure of downregulated carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, and flavonoids was changed by biotransformation (included four reductions, three hydrolyses, four isomerizations, three deglycosidations, and five other reactions). The structure of these converted upregulated products has a higher antioxidant ability to reduce free radicals than their precursors, such as the flavonoids in the form of hydrolyzed conjugates, amino acids with multiple sulfhydryls or hydroxys, carbohydrates with reactive oxygen on benzene rings and fatty acids with unsaturated bonds, short chains, and glycosides. These findings shed light on the mechanism of the metabolism and biotransformation of EWSJ by B.an3, facilitate the study of the interaction between probiotics and fermented plant-based products, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of -fermented plant products with stronger functional activities.
PubMed: 38540916
DOI: 10.3390/foods13060926