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Journal of Immunology Research 2021The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), increases gradually worldwide in the past decades.... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), increases gradually worldwide in the past decades. IBD is generally associated with the change of the immune system and gut microbiota, and the conventional treatments usually result in some side effects. Bifidobacterium longum, as colonizing bacteria in the intestine, has been demonstrated to be capable of relieving colitis in mice and can be employed as an alternative or auxiliary way for treating IBD. Here, the mechanisms of the Bifidobacterium longum in the treatment of IBD were summarized based on previous cell and animal studies and clinical trials testing bacterial therapies. This review will be served as a basis for future research on IBD treatment.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium longum; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Probiotics
PubMed: 34337079
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8030297 -
Gut Microbes 2022Gut microbial disturbance affects allergic diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD) via the aberrant immune response. Some Bifidobacterial species and strains...
Gut microbial disturbance affects allergic diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD) via the aberrant immune response. Some Bifidobacterial species and strains have been reported to improve AD via modulating immune-microbe interactions in patients. However, the effective metabolites and mechanism of alleviating AD in bifidobacteria remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore the microbial metabolite and mechanism of to improve AD. Based on shotgun metagenomic sequencing and UHPLC Q-Exactive-MS targeted metabolic experiments and , we focused on tryptophan metabolism and indole derivatives, which are endogenous ligands for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Indole-3-carbaldehyde (I3C), a tryptophan metabolite of CCFM1029 activated AHR-mediated immune signaling pathway to improve AD symptoms in animal and clinical experiments. CCFM1029 upregulated tryptophan metabolism and increased I3C to suppress aberrant T helper 2 type immune responses, but these benefits were eliminated by AHR antagonist CH223191. Furthermore, CCFM1029 reshaped gut microbial composition in AD patients, increased fecal and serum I3C, and maintained the abundance of related to tryptophan metabolism of gut microbiota. The results suggested that based on the interactions of the gut-skin axis, CCFM1029 upregulated tryptophan metabolism and produced I3C to activate AHR-mediated immune response, alleviating AD symptoms. Indole derivates, microbial metabolites of tryptophan, may be the potential metabolites of bifidobacteria to alleviate AD via the AHR signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium; Bifidobacterium longum; Dermatitis, Atopic; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Indoles; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; Tryptophan
PubMed: 35239463
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2044723 -
Nutrients May 2020bstract: Since originally isolated in 1899, the genus has been demonstrated to predominate in the gut microbiota of breastfed infants and to benefit the host by... (Review)
Review
bstract: Since originally isolated in 1899, the genus has been demonstrated to predominate in the gut microbiota of breastfed infants and to benefit the host by accelerating maturation of the immune response, balancing the immune system to suppress inflammation, improving intestinal barrier function, and increasing acetate production. In particular, subspecies () is well adapted to the infant gut and has co-evolved with the mother-infant dyad and gut microbiome, in part due to its ability to consume complex carbohydrates found in human milk. and its human host have a symbiotic relationship that protects the preterm or term neonate and nourishes a healthy gut microbiota prior to weaning. To provide benefits associated with to all infants, a number of commercialized strains have been developed over the past decades. As new ingredients become available, safety and suitability must be assessed in preclinical and clinical studies. Consideration of the full clinical evidence for use in pediatric nutrition is critical to better understand its potential impacts on infant health and development. Herein we summarize the recent clinical studies utilizing select strains of commercialized .
Topics: Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis; Breast Feeding; Dietary Carbohydrates; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Intestines; Male; Milk, Human; Probiotics; Symbiosis
PubMed: 32481558
DOI: 10.3390/nu12061581 -
Cell Nov 2022The gut microbiome has an important role in infant health and development. We characterized the fecal microbiome and metabolome of 222 young children in Dhaka,...
The gut microbiome has an important role in infant health and development. We characterized the fecal microbiome and metabolome of 222 young children in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the first two years of life. A distinct Bifidobacterium longum clade expanded with introduction of solid foods and harbored enzymes for utilizing both breast milk and solid food substrates. The clade was highly prevalent in Bangladesh, present globally (at lower prevalence), and correlated with many other gut taxa and metabolites, indicating an important role in gut ecology. We also found that the B. longum clades and associated metabolites were implicated in childhood diarrhea and early growth, including positive associations between growth measures and B. longum subsp. infantis, indolelactate and N-acetylglutamate. Our data demonstrate geographic, cultural, seasonal, and ecological heterogeneity that should be accounted for when identifying microbiome factors implicated in and potentially benefiting infant development.
Topics: Infant; Child; Female; Humans; Child, Preschool; Bifidobacterium longum; Bifidobacterium; Weaning; Oligosaccharides; Bangladesh; Milk, Human; Feces
PubMed: 36323316
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.011 -
Circulation Research Jul 2020The elderly experience profound systemic responses after stroke, which contribute to higher mortality and more severe long-term disability. Recent studies have revealed...
RATIONALE
The elderly experience profound systemic responses after stroke, which contribute to higher mortality and more severe long-term disability. Recent studies have revealed that stroke outcomes can be influenced by the composition of gut microbiome. However, the potential benefits of manipulating the gut microbiome after injury is unknown.
OBJECTIVE
To determine if restoring youthful gut microbiota after stroke aids in recovery in aged subjects, we altered the gut microbiome through young fecal transplant gavage in aged mice after experimental stroke. Further, the effect of direct enrichment of selective bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was tested as a more targeted and refined microbiome therapy.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Aged male mice (18-20 months) were subjected to ischemic stroke by middle cerebral artery occlusion. We performed fecal transplant gavage 3 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion using young donor biome (2-3 months) or aged biome (18-20 months). At day 14 after stroke, aged stroke mice receiving young fecal transplant gavage had less behavioral impairment, and reduced brain and gut inflammation. Based on data from microbial sequencing and metabolomics analysis demonstrating that young fecal transplants contained much higher SCFA levels and related bacterial strains, we selected 4 SCFA-producers (, , , and ) for transplantation. These SCFA-producers alleviated poststroke neurological deficits and inflammation, and elevated gut, brain and plasma SCFA concentrations in aged stroke mice.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study suggesting that the poor stroke recovery in aged mice can be reversed via poststroke bacteriotherapy following the replenishment of youthful gut microbiome via modulation of immunologic, microbial, and metabolomic profiles in the host.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Bifidobacterium longum; Brain Chemistry; Clostridium symbiosum; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Interleukin-17; Intestines; Intraepithelial Lymphocytes; Ischemic Stroke; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; Male; Mice; Mucin-2; Mucin-4; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
PubMed: 32354259
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.316448 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Graves' disease (GD) is a clinical syndrome with an enlarged and overactive thyroid gland, an accelerated heart rate, Graves' orbitopathy (GO), and pretibial myxedema... (Review)
Review
Graves' disease (GD) is a clinical syndrome with an enlarged and overactive thyroid gland, an accelerated heart rate, Graves' orbitopathy (GO), and pretibial myxedema (PTM). GO is the most common extrathyroidal complication of GD. GD/GO has a significant negative impact on the quality of life. GD is the most common systemic autoimmune disorder, mediated by autoantibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). It is generally accepted that GD/GO results from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors that lead to the loss of immune tolerance to thyroid antigens. However, the exact mechanism is still elusive. Systematic investigations into GD/GO animal models and clinical patients have provided important new insight into these disorders during the past 4 years. These studies suggested that gut microbiota may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of GD/GO. Antibiotic vancomycin can reduce disease severity, but fecal material transfer (FMT) from GD/GO patients exaggerates the disease in GD/GO mouse models. There are significant differences in microbiota composition between GD/GO patients and healthy controls. , , and often increase in GD patients. The commonly used therapeutic agents for GD/GO can also affect the gut microbiota. Antigenic mimicry and the imbalance of T helper 17 cells (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the primary mechanisms proposed for dysbiosis in GD/GO. Interventions including antibiotics, probiotics, and diet modification that modulate the gut microbiota have been actively investigated in preclinical models and, to some extent, in clinical settings, such as probiotics () and selenium supplements. Future studies will reveal molecular pathways linking gut and thyroid functions and how they impact orbital autoimmunity. Microbiota-targeting therapeutics will likely be an essential strategy in managing GD/GO in the coming years.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Graves Disease; Graves Ophthalmopathy; Humans; Mice; Quality of Life; Receptors, Thyrotropin
PubMed: 35004341
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.739707 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Oct 2022To compare the efficacy of only dietary recommendations, zinc, probiotics and combination therapies in children admitted with acute gastroenteritis. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of only dietary recommendations, zinc, probiotics and combination therapies in children admitted with acute gastroenteritis.
METHODS
The comparative, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted from October 2020 to April 2021 at the Paediatric Emergency Service after approval from the ethics review committee of Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, and comprised infants with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis who were divided into four groups. Only appropriate dietary recommendations were given to the control group 1, while group 2 was given a single probiotic containing bifidobacterium breve, bifidobacterium bifidum, bifidobacterium infantis and bifidobacterium longum strains. Group 3 was given zinc and group 4 was given probiotics and zinc. Demographic data of the patients, admission complaints, physical examination findings, dehydration degrees, and laboratory findings were recorded and analysed.
RESULTS
Of the 132 subjects, 79 (59.8%) were males. The overall mean age was 27.5±3.6 months. There were 22 (16.7%) patients in group 1, 34 (25.8%) in group 2, 28 (21.2%) in group 3, and 48 (36.4%) in group 4. The mean duration time to diarrhoea termination was 84.5±10.7 hours (range: 79-89 hours) in group 1, 73.05±6.8 hours (range: 70.5-75.4 hours) in group 2, 80.1±10.3 hours (range: 76-84 hours) in group 3, and 43.5±9.6 hours (range: 46-48 hours) in group 4. Group 4 outcome was statistically significant (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The efficiency of combined treatment with probiotics and zinc was found to be significantly better in the treatment of childhood acute gastroenteritis.
Topics: Infant; Male; Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Prospective Studies; Gastroenteritis; Diarrhea; Probiotics; Double-Blind Method; Zinc; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36660970
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.4438 -
Nutrients Apr 2020Specific probiotic strains can alleviate the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this randomized,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Specific probiotic strains can alleviate the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the efficacy of HA-196 () and R0175 () in reducing the GI and psychological symptoms of IBS was evaluated in 251 adults with either constipation (IBS-C), diarrhea (IBS-D), or mixed-pattern (IBS-M). Following a 2-week run-in period, participants were randomized to one of three interventions: ( = 84), ( = 83) or placebo ( = 81). IBS symptoms, stool frequency and consistency and quality of life were assessed by questionnaires. The differences from baseline in the severity of IBS symptoms at 4 and 8 weeks were similar between groups. Participants in this study were classified, after randomization, into subtypes according to Rome III. Within the group, complete spontaneous and spontaneous bowel movement frequency increased in participants with IBS-C ( = 10) after 8 weeks of supplementation (both < 0.05) and decreased in participants with IBS-D ( = 10, = 0.013). Both and supplementation improved the quality of life in emotional well-being and social functioning compared with baseline (all < 0.05). In conclusion, and may reduce GI symptom severity and improve the psychological well-being of individuals with certain IBS subtypes.
Topics: Adult; Bifidobacterium longum; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Emotions; Female; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei; Male; Middle Aged; Probiotics; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires; Symptom Assessment; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32326347
DOI: 10.3390/nu12041159 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Jun 2022Infant microbiome assembly has been intensely studied in infants from industrialized nations, but little is known about this process in nonindustrialized populations. We...
Infant microbiome assembly has been intensely studied in infants from industrialized nations, but little is known about this process in nonindustrialized populations. We deeply sequenced infant stool samples from the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania and analyzed them in a global meta-analysis. Infant microbiomes develop along lifestyle-associated trajectories, with more than 20% of genomes detected in the Hadza infant gut representing novel species. Industrialized infants-even those who are breastfed-have microbiomes characterized by a paucity of and gene cassettes involved in human milk utilization. Strains within lifestyle-associated taxonomic groups are shared between mother-infant dyads, consistent with early life inheritance of lifestyle-shaped microbiomes. The population-specific differences in infant microbiome composition and function underscore the importance of studying microbiomes from people outside of wealthy, industrialized nations.
Topics: Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis; Developing Countries; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome, Bacterial; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Infant; Life Style; Milk, Human; Tanzania
PubMed: 35679413
DOI: 10.1126/science.abj2972 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jul 2020Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, in which the pathogenesis is believed to be partly influenced by the gut... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, in which the pathogenesis is believed to be partly influenced by the gut microbiome. Probiotics can be used to manipulate the microbiome and have therefore been considered as a potential therapy for CD. There is some evidence that probiotics benefit other gastrointestinal conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis, but their efficacy in CD is unclear. This is the first update of a Cochrane Review previously published in 2008.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics for the induction of remission in CD.
SEARCH METHODS
The following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE (from inception to 6 July 2020), Embase (from inception to 6 July 2020), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), The Cochrane IBD Review Group Specialised Trials Register, World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry, and ClinicalTrials.gov.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared probiotics with placebo or any other non-probiotic intervention for the induction of remission in CD were eligible for inclusion.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. The primary outcome was clinical remission. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for dichotomous outcomes.
MAIN RESULTS
There were two studies that met criteria for inclusion. One study from Germany had 11 adult participants with mild-to-moderate CD, who were treated with a one-week course of corticosteroids and antibiotics (ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily and metronidazole 250 mg three times a day), followed by randomised assignment to Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (two billion colony-forming units per day) or corn starch placebo. The other study from the United Kingdom (UK) had 35 adult participants with active CD (CDAI score of 150 to 450) randomised to receive a synbiotic treatment (comprised of freeze-dried Bifidobacterium longum and a commercial product) or placebo. The overall risk of bias was low in one study, whereas the other study had unclear risk of bias in relation to random sequence generation, allocation concealment, and blinding. There was no evidence of a difference between the use of probiotics and placebo for the induction of remission in CD (RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.71; 2 studies, 46 participants) after six months. There was no difference in adverse events between probiotics and placebo (RR 2.55; 95% CI 0.11 to 58.60; 2 studies, 46 participants). The evidence for both outcomes was of very low certainty due to risk of bias and imprecision.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The available evidence is very uncertain about the efficacy or safety of probiotics, when compared with placebo, for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. There is a lack of well-designed RCTs in this area and further research is needed.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bifidobacterium longum; Ciprofloxacin; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Metronidazole; Placebos; Probiotics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Remission Induction
PubMed: 32678465
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006634.pub3