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Journal of Immunology Research 2021The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), increases gradually worldwide in the past decades.... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), increases gradually worldwide in the past decades. IBD is generally associated with the change of the immune system and gut microbiota, and the conventional treatments usually result in some side effects. Bifidobacterium longum, as colonizing bacteria in the intestine, has been demonstrated to be capable of relieving colitis in mice and can be employed as an alternative or auxiliary way for treating IBD. Here, the mechanisms of the Bifidobacterium longum in the treatment of IBD were summarized based on previous cell and animal studies and clinical trials testing bacterial therapies. This review will be served as a basis for future research on IBD treatment.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium longum; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Probiotics
PubMed: 34337079
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8030297 -
Nutrients May 2020bstract: Since originally isolated in 1899, the genus has been demonstrated to predominate in the gut microbiota of breastfed infants and to benefit the host by... (Review)
Review
bstract: Since originally isolated in 1899, the genus has been demonstrated to predominate in the gut microbiota of breastfed infants and to benefit the host by accelerating maturation of the immune response, balancing the immune system to suppress inflammation, improving intestinal barrier function, and increasing acetate production. In particular, subspecies () is well adapted to the infant gut and has co-evolved with the mother-infant dyad and gut microbiome, in part due to its ability to consume complex carbohydrates found in human milk. and its human host have a symbiotic relationship that protects the preterm or term neonate and nourishes a healthy gut microbiota prior to weaning. To provide benefits associated with to all infants, a number of commercialized strains have been developed over the past decades. As new ingredients become available, safety and suitability must be assessed in preclinical and clinical studies. Consideration of the full clinical evidence for use in pediatric nutrition is critical to better understand its potential impacts on infant health and development. Herein we summarize the recent clinical studies utilizing select strains of commercialized .
Topics: Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis; Breast Feeding; Dietary Carbohydrates; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Intestines; Male; Milk, Human; Probiotics; Symbiosis
PubMed: 32481558
DOI: 10.3390/nu12061581 -
Gut Microbes 2022Gut microbial disturbance affects allergic diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD) via the aberrant immune response. Some Bifidobacterial species and strains...
Gut microbial disturbance affects allergic diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD) via the aberrant immune response. Some Bifidobacterial species and strains have been reported to improve AD via modulating immune-microbe interactions in patients. However, the effective metabolites and mechanism of alleviating AD in bifidobacteria remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore the microbial metabolite and mechanism of to improve AD. Based on shotgun metagenomic sequencing and UHPLC Q-Exactive-MS targeted metabolic experiments and , we focused on tryptophan metabolism and indole derivatives, which are endogenous ligands for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Indole-3-carbaldehyde (I3C), a tryptophan metabolite of CCFM1029 activated AHR-mediated immune signaling pathway to improve AD symptoms in animal and clinical experiments. CCFM1029 upregulated tryptophan metabolism and increased I3C to suppress aberrant T helper 2 type immune responses, but these benefits were eliminated by AHR antagonist CH223191. Furthermore, CCFM1029 reshaped gut microbial composition in AD patients, increased fecal and serum I3C, and maintained the abundance of related to tryptophan metabolism of gut microbiota. The results suggested that based on the interactions of the gut-skin axis, CCFM1029 upregulated tryptophan metabolism and produced I3C to activate AHR-mediated immune response, alleviating AD symptoms. Indole derivates, microbial metabolites of tryptophan, may be the potential metabolites of bifidobacteria to alleviate AD via the AHR signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium; Bifidobacterium longum; Dermatitis, Atopic; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Indoles; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; Tryptophan
PubMed: 35239463
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2044723 -
Nutrients Apr 2019Functional gastrointestinal symptoms are frequent, and may be driven by several pathogenic mechanisms. Symptoms may persist in lactose intolerant (LI) patients (i.e.,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Functional gastrointestinal symptoms are frequent, and may be driven by several pathogenic mechanisms. Symptoms may persist in lactose intolerant (LI) patients (i.e., subjects with intestinal lactase deficiency, lactose malabsorption producing symptoms), after a lactose-free diet. Our hypothesis was that probiotic and vitamin B6 treatment may be useful to alleviate symptoms in LI patients through a positive modulation of gut microbial composition and relative metabolism. We aimed to test the efficacy of a novel formulation of BB536 and HN001 plus vitamin B6 (ZR) in 23 LI subjects with persistent symptoms during a lactose-free diet. Symptoms, microbiome, and metabolome were measured at baseline and after 30 days in a crossover, randomized, double-blind study of ZR versus placebo (PL). Compared with PL, the administration of probiotics and vitamin B6 significantly decreased bloating (p = 0.028) and ameliorated constipation (p = 0.045). Fecal microbiome differed between ZR and PL. ZR drove the enrichment of several genera involved in lactose digestion including Bifidobacerium. Moreover, the relative abundance of acetic acid, 2-methyl-propanoic acid, nonenal, and indolizine 3-methyl increased, while phenol decreased. Our findings highlight the importance of selected probiotics and vitamin B6 to alleviate symptoms and gut dysbiosis in lactose intolerant patients with persistent functional gastrointestinal symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Bifidobacterium longum; Constipation; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Double-Blind Method; Dysbiosis; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestines; Lactase; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Lactose; Lactose Intolerance; Male; Middle Aged; Probiotics; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 31010241
DOI: 10.3390/nu11040886 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Jan 2018Anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy has had a major impact on cancer treatment but has only benefited a subset of patients. Among the variables that could contribute to...
Anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy has had a major impact on cancer treatment but has only benefited a subset of patients. Among the variables that could contribute to interpatient heterogeneity is differential composition of the patients' microbiome, which has been shown to affect antitumor immunity and immunotherapy efficacy in preclinical mouse models. We analyzed baseline stool samples from metastatic melanoma patients before immunotherapy treatment, through an integration of 16 ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, metagenomic shotgun sequencing, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for selected bacteria. A significant association was observed between commensal microbial composition and clinical response. Bacterial species more abundant in responders included , , and Reconstitution of germ-free mice with fecal material from responding patients could lead to improved tumor control, augmented T cell responses, and greater efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy. Our results suggest that the commensal microbiome may have a mechanistic impact on antitumor immunity in human cancer patients.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bifidobacterium longum; Enterococcus faecium; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Immunotherapy; Melanoma; Mice; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Skin Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 29302014
DOI: 10.1126/science.aao3290 -
Gastroenterology Aug 2017Probiotics can reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but little is known about their effects on psychiatric comorbidities. We performed a prospective study... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Probiotics can reduce symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but little is known about their effects on psychiatric comorbidities. We performed a prospective study to evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 (BL) on anxiety and depression in patients with IBS.
METHODS
We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 44 adults with IBS and diarrhea or a mixed-stool pattern (based on Rome III criteria) and mild to moderate anxiety and/or depression (based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale) at McMaster University in Canada, from March 2011 to May 2014. At the screening visit, clinical history and symptoms were assessed and blood samples were collected. Patients were then randomly assigned to groups and given daily BL (n = 22) or placebo (n = 22) for 6 weeks. At weeks 0, 6, and 10, we determined patients' levels of anxiety and depression, IBS symptoms, quality of life, and somatization using validated questionnaires. At weeks 0 and 6, stool, urine and blood samples were collected, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) test was performed. We assessed brain activation patterns, fecal microbiota, urine metabolome profiles, serum markers of inflammation, neurotransmitters, and neurotrophin levels.
RESULTS
At week 6, 14 of 22 patients in the BL group had reduction in depression scores of 2 points or more on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, vs 7 of 22 patients in the placebo group (P = .04). BL had no significant effect on anxiety or IBS symptoms. Patients in the BL group had a mean increase in quality of life score compared with the placebo group. The fMRI analysis showed that BL reduced responses to negative emotional stimuli in multiple brain areas, including amygdala and fronto-limbic regions, compared with placebo. The groups had similar fecal microbiota profiles, serum markers of inflammation, and levels of neurotrophins and neurotransmitters, but the BL group had reduced urine levels of methylamines and aromatic amino acids metabolites. At week 10, depression scores were reduced in patients given BL vs placebo.
CONCLUSION
In a placebo-controlled trial, we found that the probiotic BL reduces depression but not anxiety scores and increases quality of life in patients with IBS. These improvements were associated with changes in brain activation patterns that indicate that this probiotic reduces limbic reactivity. ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT01276626.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Bifidobacterium longum; Brain; Canada; Depression; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Emotions; Feces; Female; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Probiotics; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28483500
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.05.003 -
Cell Host & Microbe Jan 2024Timely liver function recovery (LFR) is crucial for postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Here, we established the significance of LFR on patient...
Timely liver function recovery (LFR) is crucial for postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Here, we established the significance of LFR on patient long-term survival through retrospective and prospective cohorts and identified a key gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum, depleted in patients with delayed recovery. Fecal microbiota transfer from HCC patients with delayed recovery to mice similarly impacted recovery time post hepatectomy. However, oral gavage of B. longum improved liver function and repair in these mice. In a clinical trial of HCC patients, orally administering a probiotic bacteria cocktail containing B. longum reduced the rates of delayed recovery, shortened hospital stays, and improved overall 1-year survival. These benefits, attributed to diminished liver inflammation, reduced liver fibrosis, and hepatocyte proliferation, were associated with changes in key metabolic pathways, including 5-hydroxytryptamine, secondary bile acids, and short-chain fatty acids. Our findings propose that gut microbiota modulation can enhance LFR, thereby improving postoperative outcomes for HCC patients.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Bifidobacterium longum; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Prospective Studies; Recovery of Function; Retrospective Studies; Liver Neoplasms; Probiotics
PubMed: 38091982
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.11.011 -
Gut Microbes 2023The significance of to human health can be appreciated from its early colonization of the neonatal gut, where represents the most abundant species. While its relative... (Review)
Review
The significance of to human health can be appreciated from its early colonization of the neonatal gut, where represents the most abundant species. While its relative abundance declines with age, it is further reduced in several diseases. Research into the beneficial properties of has unveiled a range of mechanisms, including the production of bioactive molecules, such as short-chain fatty acids, polysaccharides, and serine protease inhibitors. From its intestinal niche, can have far-reaching effects in the body influencing immune responses in the lungs and even skin, as well as influencing brain activity. In this review, we present the biological and clinical impacts of this species on a range of human conditions beginning in neonatal life and beyond. The available scientific evidence reveals a strong rationale for continued research and further clinical trials that investigate the ability of to treat or prevent a range of diseases across the human lifespan.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Bifidobacterium longum; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bifidobacterium; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Probiotics
PubMed: 36896934
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2186098 -
Nutrients Apr 2020Specific probiotic strains can alleviate the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this randomized,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Specific probiotic strains can alleviate the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the efficacy of HA-196 () and R0175 () in reducing the GI and psychological symptoms of IBS was evaluated in 251 adults with either constipation (IBS-C), diarrhea (IBS-D), or mixed-pattern (IBS-M). Following a 2-week run-in period, participants were randomized to one of three interventions: ( = 84), ( = 83) or placebo ( = 81). IBS symptoms, stool frequency and consistency and quality of life were assessed by questionnaires. The differences from baseline in the severity of IBS symptoms at 4 and 8 weeks were similar between groups. Participants in this study were classified, after randomization, into subtypes according to Rome III. Within the group, complete spontaneous and spontaneous bowel movement frequency increased in participants with IBS-C ( = 10) after 8 weeks of supplementation (both < 0.05) and decreased in participants with IBS-D ( = 10, = 0.013). Both and supplementation improved the quality of life in emotional well-being and social functioning compared with baseline (all < 0.05). In conclusion, and may reduce GI symptom severity and improve the psychological well-being of individuals with certain IBS subtypes.
Topics: Adult; Bifidobacterium longum; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Emotions; Female; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei; Male; Middle Aged; Probiotics; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires; Symptom Assessment; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32326347
DOI: 10.3390/nu12041159 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jul 2020Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, in which the pathogenesis is believed to be partly influenced by the gut... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, in which the pathogenesis is believed to be partly influenced by the gut microbiome. Probiotics can be used to manipulate the microbiome and have therefore been considered as a potential therapy for CD. There is some evidence that probiotics benefit other gastrointestinal conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis, but their efficacy in CD is unclear. This is the first update of a Cochrane Review previously published in 2008.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics for the induction of remission in CD.
SEARCH METHODS
The following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE (from inception to 6 July 2020), Embase (from inception to 6 July 2020), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), The Cochrane IBD Review Group Specialised Trials Register, World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry, and ClinicalTrials.gov.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared probiotics with placebo or any other non-probiotic intervention for the induction of remission in CD were eligible for inclusion.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. The primary outcome was clinical remission. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for dichotomous outcomes.
MAIN RESULTS
There were two studies that met criteria for inclusion. One study from Germany had 11 adult participants with mild-to-moderate CD, who were treated with a one-week course of corticosteroids and antibiotics (ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily and metronidazole 250 mg three times a day), followed by randomised assignment to Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (two billion colony-forming units per day) or corn starch placebo. The other study from the United Kingdom (UK) had 35 adult participants with active CD (CDAI score of 150 to 450) randomised to receive a synbiotic treatment (comprised of freeze-dried Bifidobacterium longum and a commercial product) or placebo. The overall risk of bias was low in one study, whereas the other study had unclear risk of bias in relation to random sequence generation, allocation concealment, and blinding. There was no evidence of a difference between the use of probiotics and placebo for the induction of remission in CD (RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.71; 2 studies, 46 participants) after six months. There was no difference in adverse events between probiotics and placebo (RR 2.55; 95% CI 0.11 to 58.60; 2 studies, 46 participants). The evidence for both outcomes was of very low certainty due to risk of bias and imprecision.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The available evidence is very uncertain about the efficacy or safety of probiotics, when compared with placebo, for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. There is a lack of well-designed RCTs in this area and further research is needed.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bifidobacterium longum; Ciprofloxacin; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Metronidazole; Placebos; Probiotics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Remission Induction
PubMed: 32678465
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006634.pub3