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Journal of Vestibular Research :... 2017This paper describes the diagnostic criteria for bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) by the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society. The diagnosis of BVP is based on...
This paper describes the diagnostic criteria for bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) by the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society. The diagnosis of BVP is based on the patient history, bedside examination and laboratory evaluation. Bilateral vestibulopathy is a chronic vestibular syndrome which is characterized by unsteadiness when walking or standing, which worsen in darkness and/or on uneven ground, or during head motion. Additionally, patients may describe head or body movement-induced blurred vision or oscillopsia. There are typically no symptoms while sitting or lying down under static conditions.The diagnosis of BVP requires bilaterally significantly impaired or absent function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). This can be diagnosed for the high frequency range of the angular VOR by the head impulse test (HIT), the video-HIT (vHIT) and the scleral coil technique and for the low frequency range by caloric testing. The moderate range can be examined by the sinusoidal or step profile rotational chair test.For the diagnosis of BVP, the horizontal angular VOR gain on both sides should be <0.6 (angular velocity 150-300°/s) and/or the sum of the maximal peak velocities of the slow phase caloric-induced nystagmus for stimulation with warm and cold water on each side <6°/s and/or the horizontal angular VOR gain <0.1 upon sinusoidal stimulation on a rotatory chair (0.1 Hz, Vmax = 50°/sec) and/or a phase lead >68 degrees (time constant of <5 seconds). For the diagnosis of probable BVP the above mentioned symptoms and a bilaterally pathological bedside HIT are required.Complementary tests that may be used but are currently not included in the definition are: a) dynamic visual acuity (a decrease of ≥0.2 logMAR is considered pathological); b) Romberg (indicating a sensory deficit of the vestibular or somatosensory system and therefore not specific); and c) abnormal cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials for otolith function.At present the scientific basis for further subdivisions into subtypes of BVP is not sufficient to put forward reliable or clinically meaningful definitions. Depending on the affected anatomical structure and frequency range, different subtypes may be better identified in the future: impaired canal function in the low- or high-frequency VOR range only and/or impaired otolith function only; the latter is evidently very rare.Bilateral vestibulopathy is a clinical syndrome and, if known, the etiology (e.g., due to ototoxicity, bilateral Menière's disease, bilateral vestibular schwannoma) should be added to the diagnosis. Synonyms include bilateral vestibular failure, deficiency, areflexia, hypofunction and loss.
Topics: Bilateral Vestibulopathy; Caloric Tests; Consensus; Diagnosis, Differential; Functional Laterality; Head; Head Impulse Test; Humans; Motion; Movement Disorders; Nystagmus, Pathologic; Point-of-Care Testing; Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular; Rotation; Sclera; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials; Vestibular Function Tests; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 29081426
DOI: 10.3233/VES-170619 -
PloS One 2022Spondylolysis occurs bilaterally or unilaterally and bilateral spondylolysis increases the risk of developing isthmic spondylolisthesis. The characteristics of the...
OBJECTIVES
Spondylolysis occurs bilaterally or unilaterally and bilateral spondylolysis increases the risk of developing isthmic spondylolisthesis. The characteristics of the lumbar lordosis angle (LLA), sacral slope angle (SSA), and spondylolysis fracture angle (SFA) in bilateral spondylolysis compared with those in unilateral spondylolysis have not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to compare the LLA, SSA, and SFA of bilateral and unilateral spondylolysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty-eight patients with lumbar spondylolysis who visited our clinic for an initial visit and 15 age-matched patients with a chief complaint of low back pain were included as controls. Computed tomography films were used to classify all spondylolysis patients into two groups: those with bilateral fractures (bilateral) and those with unilateral fractures (unilateral). The LLA and SSA were measured using lateral X-ray films and the SFA was measured using computed tomography films.
RESULTS
The LLA was significantly higher in all spondylolysis patients than in the control group (p = .026). There was no significant difference in SSA between the spondylolysis and control groups (p = .28). The LLA was significantly higher in the bilateral group than in the unilateral group (p = .018). There was no significant difference in SSA between the bilateral and unilateral groups (p = .15). The SFA was significantly lower in the bilateral group than in the unilateral group (p = .024).
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that physical therapy for spondylolysis may be considered bilaterally and unilaterally.
Topics: Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Spondylolysis; Spondylolisthesis; Lumbosacral Region; Lordosis; Fractures, Bone
PubMed: 36256612
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276337 -
Maedica Dec 2022Synovial osteochondromatosis is a rare benign pathology arising from the synovial membrane of the joints, synovial sheaths or uncommonly the bursae around the joints....
Synovial osteochondromatosis is a rare benign pathology arising from the synovial membrane of the joints, synovial sheaths or uncommonly the bursae around the joints. Baker's cysts are fluid filled, synovium-lined lesions arising in popliteal fossa. Synovial chondromatosis involving the Baker`s cyst is extremely rare. The aim of this case report is to document this exceedingly rare extra articular synovial pathology involving Baker's cysts of bilateral knees and to emphasize the importance of radiographs and sonography in the diagnosis.
PubMed: 36818241
DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2022.17.4.999 -
Cancer Imaging : the Official... May 2012Masses can involve the kidney unilaterally or bilaterally. The purpose of this article is to review common and uncommon adult renal masses that present bilaterally.... (Review)
Review
Masses can involve the kidney unilaterally or bilaterally. The purpose of this article is to review common and uncommon adult renal masses that present bilaterally. Clinical and imaging findings are described. Renal masses that present in a bilateral fashion can have particular clinical and imaging characteristics and knowledge of their presentation enables appropriate diagnosis and management, especially in a multidisciplinary care setting. More commonly found bilateral renal masses that are discussed include metastasis, lymphoproliferative disorders, adult polycystic kidney disease, angiomyolipomas, renal infracts and renal abscesses. Less common bilateral renal masses include transitional cell carcinoma, oncocytoma, and hematomas.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 22750134
DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2012.0022 -
Biology Aug 2023Despite the advancement of diagnostic surgical techniques in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and rehabilitation protocols following ACL injury, only half...
Despite the advancement of diagnostic surgical techniques in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and rehabilitation protocols following ACL injury, only half of the athletes return to sports at a competitive level. A major concern is neuromechanical dysfunction, which occurs with injuries persisting in operated and non-operated legs following ACL rehabilitation. One of the criteria for a safe return to sports participation is based on the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) performed unilaterally and a comparison between the 'healthy knee' and the 'operated knee'. The present study aimed to investigate MVIC in athletes following ACL rehabilitation during open kinetic chain exercise performed unilaterally and bilateral exercises. Twenty subjects participated in the present investigation: 10 male athletes of regional-national level (skiers, rugby, soccer, and volleyball players) who were previously operated on one knee and received a complete rehabilitation protocol (for 6-9 months) were included in the ACL group (age: 23.4 ± 2.11 years; stature: 182.0 ± 9.9 cm; body mass: 78.6 ± 9.9 kg; body mass index: 23.7 ± 1.9 kg/m), and 10 healthy male athletes formed the control group (CG: age: 24.0 ± 3.4 years; stature: 180.3 ± 10.7 cm; body mass: 74.9 ± 13.5 kg; body mass index: 22.8 ± 2.7 kg/m). MVICs synchronised with electromyographic (EMG) activity (recorded on the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and biceps femoris muscles) were performed during unilateral and bilateral exertions. The rate of force development (RFD) and co-activation index (CI) were also calculated. The differences in the MVIC and RFD between the two legs within each group were not significant ( > 0.05). Vastus lateralis EMG activity during MVIC and biceps femoris EMG activity during RFD were significantly higher in the operated leg than those in the non-operated leg when exertion was performed bilaterally ( < 0.05). The CI was higher in the operated leg than that in the non-operated leg when exertion was performed bilaterally ( < 0.05). Vice versa, vastus medialis EMG activity during RFD was significantly higher in the right leg than that in the left leg when exertion was performed bilaterally ( < 0.05) in the CG. MVICs performed bilaterally represent a reliability modality for highlighting neuromechanical asymmetries. This bilateral exercise should be included in the criteria for a safe return to sports following ACL reconstruction.
PubMed: 37759573
DOI: 10.3390/biology12091173 -
Science Advances Mar 2022Movement initiation and control require the orchestrated activity of sensorimotor cortical and subcortical regions. However, the exact contribution of specific pathways...
Movement initiation and control require the orchestrated activity of sensorimotor cortical and subcortical regions. However, the exact contribution of specific pathways and interactions to the final behavioral outcome are still under debate. Here, by combining structural lesions, pathway-specific optogenetic manipulations and freely moving electrophysiological recordings in rats, we studied cortico-striatal interactions in the context of forelimb bilaterally coordinated movements. We provide evidence indicating that bilateral actions are initiated by motor cortical regions where intratelencephalic bilateral cortico-striatal (bcs-IT) projections recruit the sensorimotor striatum to provide stability and duration to already commanded bilateral movements. Furthermore, striatal spiking activity was correlated with movement duration and kinematic parameters of the execution. bcs-IT stimulation affected only the representation of movement duration but spared that of kinematics. Our findings confirm the modular organization of information processing in the striatum and its involvement in moment-to-moment movement control but not initiation or selection.
PubMed: 35245127
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2241 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022Equinus foot is the deformity most frequently observed in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). While there is widespread agreement on the treatment of equinus foot, a...
BACKGROUND
Equinus foot is the deformity most frequently observed in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). While there is widespread agreement on the treatment of equinus foot, a clear clinical definition has been lacking. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate functional changes in gait analysis in relation to maximum possible dorsiflexion (0°, 5°, 10° and 15°) and in two subgroups of CP patients (unilateral and bilateral).
METHODS
In this retrospective study, CP patients with different degrees of clinically measured maximum dorsiflexion were included. We further subdivided patients into unilaterally and bilaterally affected individuals and also included a healthy control group. All participants underwent a 3D gait analysis. Our goal was to determine the degree of maximum clinical dorsiflexion where the functional changes in range of motion (ROM) and ankle moment and power during gait were most evident. Then, a subgroup analysis was performed according to the affected side.
RESULTS
In all, 71 and 84 limbs were analyzed in unilaterally and bilaterally affected subgroups. The clinically 0° dorsiflexion group barely reached a plantigrade position in the 3D gait analysis. Differences in ROM were observed between subgroups. Ankle moment was quite similar between different subgroups but to a lower extent in the unilateral group. All CP patients had reduced ankle power compared to controls.
CONCLUSIONS
A cutoff value of clinical ≤ 5° dorsiflexion is the recommended value for defining a functionally relevant equinus foot in CP patients.
PubMed: 35883940
DOI: 10.3390/children9070956 -
BMC Sports Science, Medicine &... Apr 2021Excessive unilateral joint loads may lead to overuse disorders. Bilateral training in archery is only performed as a supportive coordination training and as a variation...
BACKGROUND
Excessive unilateral joint loads may lead to overuse disorders. Bilateral training in archery is only performed as a supportive coordination training and as a variation of typical exercise. However, a series of studies demonstrated a crossover transfer of training-induced motor skills to the contralateral side, especially in case of mainly unilateral skills. We compared the cervical spine and shoulder kinematics of unilateral and bilateral training archers.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, 25 (5 females, 48 ± 14 years) bilaterally training and 50 age-, sex- and level-matched (1:2; 47.3 ± 13.9 years) unilaterally training competitive archers were included. Cervical range of motion (RoM, all planes) and glenohumeral rotation were assessed with an ultrasound-based 3D motion analysis system. Upward rotation of the scapula during abduction and elevation of the arm were measured by means of a digital inclinometer and active shoulder mobility by means of an electronic caliper. All outcomes were compared between groups (unilaterally vs. bilaterally) and sides (pull-hand- vs. bow-hand-side).
RESULTS
Unilateral and bilateral archers showed no between group and no side-to-side-differences in either of the movement direction of the cervical spine. The unilateral archers had higher pull-arm-side total glenohumeral rotation than the bilateral archers (mean, 95% CI), (148°, 144-152° vs. 140°, 135°-145°). In particular, internal rotation (61°, 58-65° vs. 56°, 51-61°) and more upward rotation of the scapula at 45 degrees (12°, 11-14° vs. 8°, 6-10°), 90 degrees (34°, 31-36° vs. 28°, 24-32°), 135 degrees (56°, 53-59° vs. 49°, 46-53°), and maximal (68°, 65-70° vs. 62°, 59-65°) arm abduction differed. The bow- and pull-arm of the unilateral, but not of the bilateral archers, differed in the active mobility of the shoulder (22 cm, 20-24 cm vs. 18 cm, 16-20 cm).
CONCLUSIONS
Unilaterally training archers display no unphysiologic movement behaviour of the cervical spine, but show distinct shoulder asymmetris in the bow- and pull-arm-side when compared to bilateral archers in glenohumeral rotation, scapula rotation during arm abduction, and active mobility of the shoulder. These asymmetries in may exceed physiological performance-enhancing degrees. Bilateral training may seems appropriate in archery to prevent asymmetries.
PubMed: 33902697
DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00272-6 -
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... Jul 2020To evaluate the difference in oncologic outcome between vulvar cancer patients with uni- and bilateral inguino-femoral lymph nodal involvement and to identify factors...
PURPOSE
To evaluate the difference in oncologic outcome between vulvar cancer patients with uni- and bilateral inguino-femoral lymph nodal involvement and to identify factors affecting their oncologic outcome MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent inguino-femoral lymphadenectomy for vulvar cancer were classified into three groups according to their lymph nodal status at the histology analysis (negative, positive one side, positive bilaterally). PFS and OS survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze factors predicting overall survival and progression-free survival. Multivariable models were used for variables reporting a p value ≤ 0.1 at the univariate analysis. p values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
One hundred and forty-six patients were considered for the analysis. Patients with bilaterally negative lymph nodes had significantly longer PFS and OS as compared to patients with unilateral and bilateral involvement. Patients with unilateral lymph nodal involvement had better PFS than patients with bilateral lymph nodal involvement. Among these patients, the difference in the OS approached but did not reach statistical significance. At the multivariate analysis, the tumor size affected PFS and lymph nodal involvement affected OS.
CONCLUSION
Vulvar cancer patients with bilateral positive lymph nodes have worse oncologic outcome as compared to patients with unilateral lymph nodal involvement; similarly, patients with unilateral lymph nodal involvement have worse oncological outcome as compared to patients with bilateral negative lymph nodes. Furthermore, tumor size and lymph nodal status are independent factors predicting recurrence rate and overall survival, respectively.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Vulvar Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 32266536
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03196-9