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Trends in Ecology & Evolution May 2021Predator-prey interactions present heightened opportunities for pathogen spillover, as predators are at risk of exposure to infectious agents harbored by prey.... (Review)
Review
Predator-prey interactions present heightened opportunities for pathogen spillover, as predators are at risk of exposure to infectious agents harbored by prey. Epizootics with high morbidity and mortality have been recorded following prey-to-predator spillover events, which have had significant conservation implications for sensitive species. Using felids as a detailed case study, we have documented both virulent and clinically silent infections in apex predators following transfer of microbes from prey. We draw on these examples and others to examine the mechanisms that determine frequency and outcome of predator exposure to prey-based pathogens. We propose that predator-prey dynamics should be more thoroughly considered in empirical research and disease dynamic modeling approaches in order to reveal answers to outstanding questions relating to pathogen bioaccumulation.
Topics: Animals; Bioaccumulation; Food Chain; Population Dynamics; Predatory Behavior
PubMed: 33549372
DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.01.008 -
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry May 2022Understanding the bioaccumulation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is essential for making regulatory decisions on potential environmental risks. Research in the field... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Understanding the bioaccumulation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is essential for making regulatory decisions on potential environmental risks. Research in the field of ENM bioaccumulation has increased in recent years, but the compilation and statistical analysis of the available experimental data have not been updated. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of the existing literature on the bioaccumulation of eight types of nondissolvable ENMs (titanium dioxide [TiO ], aluminum oxide [Al O ], gold [Au], fullerene [C ], carbon nanotubes, iron oxide [FeO ], graphene, and polystyrene) in nonmammalian freshwater aquatic organisms across three trophic levels including phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish. Three typical endpoints were used to assess the bioaccumulation potential: the bioconcentration factor (BCF), the bioaccumulation factor (BAF), and the biomagnification factor (BMF). Our results suggest that zooplankton has greater mean logarithmic BCF and BAF values than phytoplankton (3.31 vs. 1.42) and fish (2.04). The ENMs are biomagnified in zooplankton, with a mean BMF of 17.4, whereas trophic transfer from primary consumers (zooplankton) to secondary consumers (fish) was not observed (mean BMF of 0.13). No clear dependency was identified between the physicochemical characteristics of ENMs (e.g., primary particle size, zeta potential, or shape) and bioaccumulation, except for coated versus uncoated particles accumulated in phytoplankton. Carbonaceous ENMs were found to be more bioaccumulated than the other ENMs we considered, except for TiO . A meta-analysis of bioaccumulation data can (1) deepen the understanding of bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification of ENMs, (2) be used to support grouping strategies as a basis for a safer-by-design approach for ENMs, (3) be integrated into comprehensive hazard and risk assessments, (4) promote the standardization of testing guidelines, and (5) enhance future kinetic bioaccumulation modeling. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1202-1214. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Topics: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Bioaccumulation; Fishes; Fresh Water; Nanostructures; Nanotubes, Carbon; Phytoplankton; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Zooplankton
PubMed: 35188281
DOI: 10.1002/etc.5312 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2023There is increasing evidence that the presence of certain pharmaceuticals in the environment leads to biota exposure and constitute a potential risk for ecosystems.... (Review)
Review
There is increasing evidence that the presence of certain pharmaceuticals in the environment leads to biota exposure and constitute a potential risk for ecosystems. Bioaccumulation is an essential focus of risk assessment to evaluate at what degree emerging contaminants are a hazard both to the environment and the individuals that inhabit it. The main goals of the present review are 1) to summarize and describe the research and factors that should be taken into account in the evaluation of bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms; and 2) to provide a database and a critical review of the bioaccumulation/bioconcentration factors (BAF or BCF) of these compounds in organisms of different trophic levels. Most studies fall into one of two categories: laboratory-scale absorption and purification tests or field studies and, to a lesser extent, large-scale, semi-natural system tests. Although in the last 5 years there has been considerable progress in this field, especially in species of fish and molluscs, research is still limited on other aquatic species like crustaceans or algae. This revision includes >230 bioconcentration factors (BCF) and >530 bioaccumulation factors (BAF), determined for 113 pharmaceuticals. The most commonly studied is the antidepressant group, followed by diclofenac and carbamazepine. There is currently no reported accumulation data on certain compounds, such as anti-cancer drugs. BCFs are highly influenced by experimental factors (notably the exposure level, time or temperature). Field BAFs are superior to laboratory BCFs, highlighting the importance of field studies for reliable assessments and in true environmental conditions. BAF data appears to be organ, species and compound-specific. The potential impact on food web transfer is also considered. Among different aquatic species, lower trophic levels and benthic organisms exhibit relatively higher uptake of these compounds.
Topics: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Ecosystem; Bioaccumulation; Fishes; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 36473663
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160638 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2022Volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs) are found in a broad range of industrial and consumer products. They are categorized as "high production volume chemicals" by the U.S.... (Review)
Review
Volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs) are found in a broad range of industrial and consumer products. They are categorized as "high production volume chemicals" by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and listed as candidates of substances of very high concern in 2018, by the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). Industrial wastewater and treated effluents may contain VMSs in different amounts, which can be discharged in the receptor media and may lead to environmental contamination. This can result in direct exposure to aquatic receptors in the water column or to benthic invertebrates from contact and/or ingestion of sediments, and indirect exposures through the aquatic food chain. The possible toxicological effects of VMSs for the aquatic biota and human ecology are not very well known since published information regarding this topic is scarce. VMSs have been subjected to regulatory scrutiny for environmental concerns and have already been screened to determine their environmental risk and ecological harm. This paper aims to assess VMSs bioaccumulation and potential biomagnification on food webs, using several bioaccumulation metrics. The result is a high-level overview of all the collected data, comparing the findings and the experimental conditions applied during the assessments. Several studies present conflicting results regarding the bioaccumulation categorization. Some aquatic organisms demonstrated a high bioconcentration and bioaccumulation of these contaminants. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) have been suggested as the most reliable tool to assess a chemical behaviour in food webs. However, bioaccumulation studies in food webs provided mixed information, with some studies indicating trophic dilution and others presenting a potential of trophic biomagnification of VMSs. Efforts should be directed to obtain field-based levels of VMSs at different trophic levels and a wider range of linear VMSs should be analysed, since most studies focused on D4, D5 and D6.
Topics: Animals; Bioaccumulation; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Fishes; Food Chain; Humans; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35167889
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153821 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2021This review is a survey of recent advances in studies concerning the impact of poly- and perfluorinated organic compounds in aquatic organisms. After a brief... (Review)
Review
This review is a survey of recent advances in studies concerning the impact of poly- and perfluorinated organic compounds in aquatic organisms. After a brief introduction on poly- and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) features, an overview of recent monitoring studies is reported illustrating ranges of recorded concentrations in water, sediments, and species. Besides presenting general concepts defining bioaccumulative potential and its indicators, the biodistribution of PFCs is described taking in consideration different tissues/organs of the investigated species as well as differences between studies in the wild or under controlled laboratory conditions. The potential use of species as bioindicators for biomonitoring studies are discussed and data are summarized in a table reporting the number of monitored PFCs and their total concentration as a function of investigated species. Moreover, biomolecular effects on taxonomically different species are illustrated. In the final paragraph, main findings have been summarized and possible solutions to environmental threats posed by PFCs in the aquatic environment are discussed.
Topics: Aquatic Organisms; Bioaccumulation; Biological Monitoring; Fluorocarbons; Half-Life; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 34207956
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126276 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2022Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major foodborne pathogen that causes acute viral gastroenteritis, and bivalve shellfish are one of the main carriers of HuNoV transmission.... (Review)
Review
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major foodborne pathogen that causes acute viral gastroenteritis, and bivalve shellfish are one of the main carriers of HuNoV transmission. A comprehensive understanding of bivalve shellfish-related HuNoV outbreaks focusing on contamination factors, bioaccumulation mechanisms, and pre- and post-harvest interventions is essential for the development of effective strategies to prevent contamination of shellfish. This review comprehensively surveys the current knowledge on global contamination and non-thermal treatment of HuNoV in bivalve shellfish. HuNoV contamination in bivalve shellfish is significantly related to the season and water. While evaluating the water quality of shellfish-inhabited waters is a key intervention, the development of non-heat treatment technology to effectively inactivate the HuNoV in bivalve shellfish while maintaining the flavor and nutrition of the shellfish is also an important direction for further research. Additionally, this review explores the bioaccumulation mechanisms of HuNoV in bivalve shellfish, especially the mechanism underlying the binding of histo-blood group antigen-like molecules and HuNoV. The detection methods for infectious HuNoV are also discussed. The establishment of effective methods to rapidly detect infectious HuNoV and development of biological components to inactivate or prevent HuNoV contamination in shellfish also need to be studied further.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Norovirus; Bioaccumulation; Shellfish; Bivalvia; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 34184956
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1937510 -
Trends in Microbiology Feb 2022Microbes of the human gut can change drug disposition in the human body and gut ecology via 'bioaccumulation', a process in which bacteria take up compounds...
Microbes of the human gut can change drug disposition in the human body and gut ecology via 'bioaccumulation', a process in which bacteria take up compounds intracellularly without chemically modifying them or experiencing changes in growth, as described in Klünemann et al. This work expands current understanding of the types of drug-bacterial interactions in the gut environment.
Topics: Bacteria; Bioaccumulation; Drug Interactions; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota
PubMed: 34952771
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.12.003 -
Environment International Jan 2022Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are artificial persistent organic pollutants ubiquitous in ecosystem, and their bioaccumulation and adverse outcomes in... (Review)
Review
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are artificial persistent organic pollutants ubiquitous in ecosystem, and their bioaccumulation and adverse outcomes in plants have attracted extensive concerns. Here, we review the toxic effects of PFASs encountered by various plants from physiological, biochemical and molecular perspectives. The exposure routes and bioaccumulation of PFASs in plants from contaminated sites are also summarized. The bioaccumulation of PFASs in plants from contaminated sites varied between ng/g and μg/g levels. The 50% inhibition concentration of PFASs for plant growth is often several orders of magnitude higher than the environmentally relevant concentrations (ERCs). ERCs of PFASs rarely lead to obvious phenotypic/physiological damages in plants, but markedly perturb some biological activities at biochemical and molecular scales. PFAS exposure induces the over-generated reactive oxygen species and further damages plant cell structure and organelle functions. A number of biochemical activities in plant cells are perturbed, such as photosynthesis, gene expression, protein synthesis, carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. To restore the desire states of cells exposed to PFASs, plants initiate several detoxifying mechanisms, including enzymatic antioxidants, non-enzymatic antioxidants, metallothionein genes and metabolic reprogramming. Future challenges and opportunities in PFAS phytotoxicity studies are also proposed in the review.
Topics: Bioaccumulation; Ecosystem; Fluorocarbons; Plants; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34592655
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106891 -
Environment International Oct 2019The accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in aquatic ecosystems has become a global concern, as PTEs may exert a wide range of toxicological impacts on... (Review)
Review
The accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in aquatic ecosystems has become a global concern, as PTEs may exert a wide range of toxicological impacts on aquatic organisms. Submerged plants and the microorganisms attached to their surfaces, however, have displayed great potential as a means of coping with such pollution. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the transport pathways of PTEs across sediment and organisms as well as their accumulation mechanisms in the presence of submerged plants and their biofilms. The majority of previous studies have demonstrated that submerged plants and their biofilms are indicators of PTE pollution in the aquatic environment, yet relatively little is known about PTE accumulation in epiphytic biofilms. In this review, we describe the transport pathways of PTEs in the aquatic environment in order to offer remarkable insights into bioaccumulation mechanisms in submerged plants and their biofilms. Based on the literature cited in this review, the roles of epiphytic biofilms in bioaccumulation and as an indicator of ecosystem health are discussed.
Topics: Bioaccumulation; Biofilms; Humans; Plants
PubMed: 31369978
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105015 -
The Science of the Total Environment Mar 2022The main focus of this review is to discuss the current advancement in nano-metallic caused phytotoxicity on living organisms and current challenges in crops.... (Review)
Review
The main focus of this review is to discuss the current advancement in nano-metallic caused phytotoxicity on living organisms and current challenges in crops. Nanostructured materials provide new tools in agriculture to boost sustainable food production, but the main concern is that large-scale production and release of nanomaterials (NMs) into the ecosystem is a rising threat to the surrounding environment that is an urgent challenge to be addressed. The usage of NMs directly influences the transport pathways within plants, which directly relates to their stimulatory/ inhibitory effects. Because of the unregulated nanoparticles (NMs) exposure to soil, they are adsorbed at the root surface, followed by uptake and inter/intracellular mobility within the plant tissue, while the aerial exposure is taken up by foliage, mostly through cuticles, hydathodes, stigma, stomata, and trichomes, but the actual mode of NMs absorption into plants is still unclear. NMs-plant interactions may have stimulatory or inhibitory effects throughout their life cycle depending on their composition, size, concentration, and plant species. Although many publications on NMs interactions with plants have been reported, the knowledge on their uptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation is still a question to be addressed by the scientific community. One of the critical aspects that must be discovered and understood is detecting NMs in soil and the uptake mechanism in plants. Therefore, the nanopollution in plants has yet to be completely understood regarding its impact on plant health, making it yet another artificial environmental influence of unknown long-term consequences. The present review summarizes the uptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation of NMs in plants, focusing on their inhibitory effects and mechanisms involved within plants.
Topics: Bioaccumulation; Ecosystem; Nanostructures; Plants; Soil
PubMed: 34896497
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152249