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Bioengineered 2015Organ transplantation can offer a curative option for patients with end stage organ failure. Unfortunately the treatment is severely limited by the availability of donor... (Review)
Review
Organ transplantation can offer a curative option for patients with end stage organ failure. Unfortunately the treatment is severely limited by the availability of donor organs. Organ bioengineering could provide a solution to the worldwide critical organ shortage. The majority of protocols to date have employed the use of decellularization-recellularization technology of naturally occurring tissues and organs with promising results in heart, lung, liver, pancreas, intestine and kidney engineering. Successful decellularization has provided researchers with suitable scaffolds to attempt cell reseeding. Future work will need to focus on the optimization of organ specific recellularization techniques before organ bioengineering can become clinically translatable. This review will examine the current progress in organ bioengineering and highlight future challenges in the field.
Topics: Animals; Batch Cell Culture Techniques; Bioartificial Organs; Biomedical Engineering; Humans; Organ Culture Techniques; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 26259720
DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2015.1081320 -
Science Translational Medicine Oct 2022Musculoskeletal injuries and disorders are the leading cause of physical disability worldwide and a considerable socioeconomic burden. The lack of effective therapies... (Review)
Review
Musculoskeletal injuries and disorders are the leading cause of physical disability worldwide and a considerable socioeconomic burden. The lack of effective therapies has driven the development of novel bioengineering approaches that have recently started to gain clinical approvals. In this review, we first discuss the self-repair capacity of the musculoskeletal tissues and describe causes of musculoskeletal dysfunction. We then review the development of novel biomaterial, immunomodulatory, cellular, and gene therapies to treat musculoskeletal disorders. Last, we consider the recent regulatory changes and future areas of technological progress that can accelerate translation of these therapies to clinical practice.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Bioengineering; Biomedical Engineering; Genetic Therapy; Tissue Engineering; Wound Healing
PubMed: 36223445
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn9074 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Mar 2016The need to quantify physicochemical properties of mineralization spans many fields. Clinicians, mineralization researchers, and bone tissue bioengineers need to be able... (Review)
Review
The need to quantify physicochemical properties of mineralization spans many fields. Clinicians, mineralization researchers, and bone tissue bioengineers need to be able to measure the distribution, quantity, and the mechanical and chemical properties of mineralization within a wide variety of substrates from injured muscle to electrospun polymer scaffolds and everything in between. The techniques available to measure these properties are highly diverse in terms of their complexity and utility. Therefore it is of the utmost importance that those who intend to use them have a clear understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of each technique and its appropriateness to their specific application. This review provides all of this information for each technique and uses heterotopic ossification and engineered bone substitutes as examples to illustrate how these techniques have been applied. In addition, we provide novel data using advanced techniques to analyze human samples of combat related heterotopic ossification.
Topics: Bioengineering; Calcification, Physiologic; Chemical Phenomena; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 26789418
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500617 -
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering Jun 2019The microfluidics field is at a critical crossroads. The vast majority of microfluidic devices are presently manufactured using micromolding processes that work very... (Review)
Review
The microfluidics field is at a critical crossroads. The vast majority of microfluidic devices are presently manufactured using micromolding processes that work very well for a reduced set of biocompatible materials, but the time, cost, and design constraints of micromolding hinder the commercialization of many devices. As a result, the dissemination of microfluidic technology-and its impact on society-is in jeopardy. Digital manufacturing (DM) refers to a family of computer-centered processes that integrate digital three-dimensional (3D) designs, automated (additive or subtractive) fabrication, and device testing in order to increase fabrication efficiency. Importantly, DM enables the inexpensive realization of 3D designs that are impossible or very difficult to mold. The adoption of DM by microfluidic engineers has been slow, likely due to concerns over the resolution of the printers and the biocompatibility of the resins. In this article, we review and discuss the various printer types, resolution, biocompatibility issues, DM microfluidic designs, and the bright future ahead for this promising, fertile field.
Topics: Biomedical Engineering; Computer-Aided Design; Equipment Design; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Printing, Three-Dimensional
PubMed: 31167099
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-092618-020341 -
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 2015Strategies to enhance, suppress, or qualitatively shape the immune response are of importance for diverse biomedical applications, such as the development of new... (Review)
Review
Strategies to enhance, suppress, or qualitatively shape the immune response are of importance for diverse biomedical applications, such as the development of new vaccines, treatments for autoimmune diseases and allergies, strategies for regenerative medicine, and immunotherapies for cancer. However, the intricate cellular and molecular signals regulating the immune system are major hurdles to predictably manipulating the immune response and developing safe and effective therapies. To meet this challenge, biomaterials are being developed that control how, where, and when immune cells are stimulated in vivo, and that can finely control their differentiation in vitro. We review recent advances in the field of biomaterials for immunomodulation, focusing particularly on designing biomaterials to provide controlled immunostimulation, targeting drugs and vaccines to lymphoid organs, and serving as scaffolds to organize immune cells and emulate lymphoid tissues. These ongoing efforts highlight the many ways in which biomaterials can be brought to bear to engineer the immune system.
Topics: Animals; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Artificial Cells; Biocompatible Materials; Biomedical Engineering; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunization; Immunologic Factors; Immunomodulation; Immunotherapy; Lymphoid Tissue; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Proteins; Systems Biology; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 26421896
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071813-104814 -
Journal of the Royal Society, Interface Jan 2009Fibrin gels, prepared from fibrinogen and thrombin, the key proteins involved in blood clotting, were among the first biomaterials used to prevent bleeding and promote... (Review)
Review
Fibrin gels, prepared from fibrinogen and thrombin, the key proteins involved in blood clotting, were among the first biomaterials used to prevent bleeding and promote wound healing. The unique polymerization mechanism of fibrin, which allows control of gelation times and network architecture by variation in reaction conditions, allows formation of a wide array of soft substrates under physiological conditions. Fibrin gels have been extensively studied rheologically in part because their nonlinear elasticity, characterized by soft compliance at small strains and impressive stiffening to resist larger deformations, appears essential for their function as haemostatic plugs and as matrices for cell migration and wound healing. The filaments forming a fibrin network are among the softest in nature, allowing them to deform to large extents and stiffen but not break. The biochemical and mechanical properties of fibrin have recently been exploited in numerous studies that suggest its potential for applications in medicine and bioengineering.
Topics: Biomedical Engineering; Elasticity; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Gels; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Polymers; Rheology; Thrombin; Wound Healing
PubMed: 18801715
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2008.0327 -
Cell Stem Cell May 2022Embryoids and organoids hold great promise for human biology and medicine. Herein, we discuss conceptual and technological frameworks useful for developing high-fidelity... (Review)
Review
Embryoids and organoids hold great promise for human biology and medicine. Herein, we discuss conceptual and technological frameworks useful for developing high-fidelity embryoids and organoids that display tissue- and organ-level phenotypes and functions, which are critically needed for decoding developmental programs and improving translational applications. Through dissecting the layers of inputs controlling mammalian embryogenesis, we review recent progress in reconstructing multiscale structural orders in embryoids and organoids. Bioengineering tools useful for multiscale, multimodal structural engineering of tissue- and organ-level cellular organization and microenvironment are also discussed to present integrative, bioengineering-directed approaches to achieve next-generation, high-fidelity embryoids and organoids.
Topics: Animals; Bioengineering; Embryo, Mammalian; Mammals; Organoids; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 35523138
DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.04.003 -
Journal of Neurophysiology Aug 2017Neurophysiology is the branch of physiology concerned with understanding the function of neural systems. Neural engineering (also known as neuroengineering) is a... (Review)
Review
Neurophysiology is the branch of physiology concerned with understanding the function of neural systems. Neural engineering (also known as neuroengineering) is a discipline within biomedical engineering that uses engineering techniques to understand, repair, replace, enhance, or otherwise exploit the properties and functions of neural systems. In most cases neural engineering involves the development of an interface between electronic devices and living neural tissue. This review describes the origins of neural engineering, the explosive development of methods and devices commencing in the late 1950s, and the present-day devices that have resulted. The barriers to interfacing electronic devices with living neural tissues are many and varied, and consequently there have been numerous stops and starts along the way. Representative examples are discussed. None of this could have happened without a basic understanding of the relevant neurophysiology. I also consider examples of how neural engineering is repaying the debt to basic neurophysiology with new knowledge and insight.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Engineering; Electric Stimulation; Humans; Implantable Neurostimulators; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Neurophysiology
PubMed: 28566462
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00149.2017 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... May 2021Grasping and manipulation are fundamental ways for many creatures to interact with their environments. Different morphologies and grasping methods of "grippers" are... (Review)
Review
Grasping and manipulation are fundamental ways for many creatures to interact with their environments. Different morphologies and grasping methods of "grippers" are highly evolved to adapt to harsh survival conditions. For example, human hands and bird feet are composed of rigid frames and soft joints. Compared with human hands, some plants like Drosera do not have rigid frames, so they can bend at arbitrary points of the body to capture their prey. Furthermore, many muscular hydrostat animals and plant tendrils can implement more complex twisting motions in 3D space. Recently, inspired by the flexible grasping methods present in nature, increasingly more bio-inspired soft grippers have been fabricated with compliant and soft materials. Based on this, the present review focuses on the recent research progress of bio-inspired soft grippers based on impactive gripping. According to their types of movement and a classification model inspired by biological "grippers", soft grippers are classified into three types, namely, non-continuum bending-type grippers, continuum bending-type grippers, and continuum twisting-type grippers. An exhaustive and updated analysis of each type of gripper is provided. Moreover, this review offers an overview of the different stiffness-controllable strategies developed in recent years.
Topics: Biomedical Engineering; Equipment Design; Hand Strength; Robotics
PubMed: 33977041
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002017 -
Bulletin of the New York Academy of... Mar 1969
Topics: Anesthesiology; Biomedical Engineering; Computers; Models, Theoretical; Transducers
PubMed: 5251251
DOI: No ID Found