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Dental Clinics of North America Oct 2022As a widespread chronical disease, periodontitis progressively destroys tooth-supporting structures (periodontium) and eventually leads to tooth loss. Therefore,... (Review)
Review
As a widespread chronical disease, periodontitis progressively destroys tooth-supporting structures (periodontium) and eventually leads to tooth loss. Therefore, regeneration of damaged/lost periodontal tissues has been a major subject in periodontal research. During periodontal tissue regeneration, biomaterials play pivotal roles in improving the outcome of the periodontal therapy. With the advancement of biomaterial science and engineering in recent years, new biomimetic materials and scaffolding fabrication technologies have been proposed for periodontal tissue regeneration. This article summarizes recent progress in periodontal tissue regeneration from a biomaterial perspective. First, various guide tissue regeneration/guide bone regeneration membranes and grafting biomaterials for periodontal tissue regeneration are overviewed. Next, the recent development of multifunctional scaffolding biomaterials for alveolar bone/periodontal ligament/cementum regeneration is summarized. Finally, clinical care points and perspectives on the use of biomimetic scaffolding materials to reconstruct the hierarchical periodontal tissues are provided.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 36216452
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2022.05.011 -
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach,... Mar 2021Human immune system acts as a pivotal role in the tissue homeostasis and disease progression. Immunomodulatory biomaterials that can manipulate innate immunity and... (Review)
Review
Human immune system acts as a pivotal role in the tissue homeostasis and disease progression. Immunomodulatory biomaterials that can manipulate innate immunity and adaptive immunity hold great promise for a broad range of prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. This review is focused on the design strategies and principles of immunomodulatory biomaterials from the standpoint of materials science to regulate macrophage fate, such as activation, polarization, adhesion, migration, proliferation, and secretion. It offers a comprehensive survey and discussion on the tunability of material designs regarding physical, chemical, biological, and dynamic cues for modulating macrophage immune response. The range of such tailorable cues encompasses surface properties, surface topography, materials mechanics, materials composition, and materials dynamics. The representative immunoengineering applications selected herein demonstrate how macrophage-immunomodulating biomaterials are being exploited for cancer immunotherapy, infection immunotherapy, tissue regeneration, inflammation resolution, and vaccination. A perspective on the future research directions of immunoregulatory biomaterials is also provided.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Macrophages
PubMed: 33565154
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004172 -
Biomaterials Apr 2022Embryogenic developmental processes involve a tightly controlled regulation between mechanical forces and biochemical cues such as growth factors, matrix proteins, and... (Review)
Review
Embryogenic developmental processes involve a tightly controlled regulation between mechanical forces and biochemical cues such as growth factors, matrix proteins, and cytokines. This interplay remains essential in the mature body, with aberrant pathway signaling leading to abnormalities such as atherosclerosis in the cardiovascular system, inflammation in tendon tissue, or osteoporosis in the bone. The aim of bone regenerative strategies is to develop tools and procedures that will harness the body's own self-repair ability in order to successfully regenerate even very large and complex bone defects and restore normal function. To achieve this, understanding pathways that govern processes of progenitor differentiation towards the osteogenic lineages, their phenotypical maintenance, and the construction of functional bone tissue is imperative to subsequently develop regenerative therapies that mimic these processes. While a body of literature exists that describes how biochemical stimuli guide cell behavior in the culture dish, due to the lack of an appropriate mechanical environment, these signals are often insufficient or inappropriate for achieving a desirable response in the body. Moreover, bone regenerative therapies rarely rely on a biochemical stimulus, such as a growth factor alone, and instead often comprise a carrier biomaterial that introduces a very different microenvironment from that of a cell culture dish. Therefore, in this review, we discuss which biomaterials elicit or influence pathways relevant for bone regeneration and describe mechanisms behind these effects, with the aim to inspire the development of novel, more effective bone regenerative therapies.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Bone and Bones; Cell Differentiation; Osteogenesis; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 35231787
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121431 -
Marine Drugs May 2021Alginates are naturally occurring polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae and bacteria. Being biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and easy to gel,... (Review)
Review
Alginates are naturally occurring polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae and bacteria. Being biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and easy to gel, alginates can be processed into various forms, such as hydrogels, microspheres, fibers and sponges, and have been widely applied in biomedical field. The present review provides an overview of the properties and processing methods of alginates, as well as their applications in wound healing, tissue repair and drug delivery in recent years.
Topics: Alginates; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Biomedical and Dental Materials; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Tissue Engineering; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34068547
DOI: 10.3390/md19050264 -
Chemical Reviews Jan 2023Biomaterials with the ability to self-heal and recover their structural integrity offer many advantages for applications in biomedicine. The past decade has witnessed... (Review)
Review
Biomaterials with the ability to self-heal and recover their structural integrity offer many advantages for applications in biomedicine. The past decade has witnessed the rapid emergence of a new class of self-healing biomaterials commonly termed injectable, or printable in the context of 3D printing. These self-healing injectable biomaterials, mostly hydrogels and other soft condensed matter based on reversible chemistry, are able to temporarily fluidize under shear stress and subsequently recover their original mechanical properties. Self-healing injectable hydrogels offer distinct advantages compared to traditional biomaterials. Most notably, they can be administered in a locally targeted and minimally invasive manner through a narrow syringe without the need for invasive surgery. Their moldability allows for a patient-specific intervention and shows great prospects for personalized medicine. Injected hydrogels can facilitate tissue regeneration in multiple ways owing to their viscoelastic and diffusive nature, ranging from simple mechanical support, spatiotemporally controlled delivery of cells or therapeutics, to local recruitment and modulation of host cells to promote tissue regeneration. Consequently, self-healing injectable hydrogels have been at the forefront of many cutting-edge tissue regeneration strategies. This study provides a critical review of the current state of self-healing injectable hydrogels for tissue regeneration. As key challenges toward further maturation of this exciting research field, we identify (i) the trade-off between the self-healing and injectability of hydrogels vs their physical stability, (ii) the lack of consensus on rheological characterization and quantitative benchmarks for self-healing injectable hydrogels, particularly regarding the capillary flow in syringes, and (iii) practical limitations regarding translation toward therapeutically effective formulations for regeneration of specific tissues. Hence, here we (i) review chemical and physical design strategies for self-healing injectable hydrogels, (ii) provide a practical guide for their rheological analysis, and (iii) showcase their applicability for regeneration of various tissues and 3D printing of complex tissues and organoids.
Topics: Humans; Hydrogels; Biocompatible Materials; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 35930422
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00179 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Feb 2021Since their initial description in 2005, biomaterials that are patterned to contain microfluidic networks ("microfluidic biomaterials") have emerged as promising... (Review)
Review
Since their initial description in 2005, biomaterials that are patterned to contain microfluidic networks ("microfluidic biomaterials") have emerged as promising scaffolds for a variety of tissue engineering and related applications. This class of materials is characterized by the ability to be readily perfused. Transport and exchange of solutes within microfluidic biomaterials is governed by convection within channels and diffusion between channels and the biomaterial bulk. Numerous strategies have been developed for creating microfluidic biomaterials, including micromolding, photopatterning, and 3D printing. In turn, these materials have been used in many applications that benefit from the ability to perfuse a scaffold, including the engineering of blood and lymphatic microvessels, epithelial tubes, and cell-laden tissues. This article reviews the current state of the field and suggests new areas of exploration for this unique class of materials.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Hydrogels; Microfluidics; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 32893494
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001028 -
Acta Biomaterialia Jan 2022Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a devastating ailment for many diabetic patients with increasing prevalence and morbidity. The complex pathophysiology of DFU wound... (Review)
Review
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a devastating ailment for many diabetic patients with increasing prevalence and morbidity. The complex pathophysiology of DFU wound environments has made finding effective treatments difficult. Standard wound care treatments have limited efficacy in healing these types of chronic wounds. Topical biomaterial gels have been developed to implement novel treatment approaches to improve therapeutic effects and are advantageous due to their ease of application, tunability, and ability to improve therapeutic release characteristics. Here, we provide an updated, comprehensive review of novel topical biomaterial gels developed for treating chronic DFUs. This review will examine preclinical data for topical gel treatments in diabetic animal models and clinical applications, focusing on gels with protein/peptides, drug, cellular, herbal/antioxidant, and nano/microparticle approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: By 2050, 1 in 3 Americans will develop diabetes, and up to 34% of diabetic patients will develop a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in their lifetime. Current treatments for DFUs include debridement, infection control, maintaining a moist wound environment, and pressure offloading. Despite these interventions, a large number of DFUs fail to heal and are associated with a cost that exceeds $31 billion annually. Topical biomaterials have been developed to help target specific impairments associated with DFU with the goal to improve healing. A summary of these approaches is needed to help better understand the current state of the research. This review summarizes recent research and advances in topical biomaterials treatments for DFUs.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Biocompatible Materials; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Foot; Gels; Humans; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34728428
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.045 -
Materials Science & Engineering. C,... May 2020The goal of a biomaterial is to support the bone tissue regeneration process at the defect site and eventually degrade in situ and get replaced with the newly generated... (Review)
Review
The goal of a biomaterial is to support the bone tissue regeneration process at the defect site and eventually degrade in situ and get replaced with the newly generated bone tissue. Nanocomposite biomaterials are a relatively new class of materials that incorporate a biopolymeric and biodegradable matrix structure with bioactive and easily resorbable fillers which are nano-sized. This article is a review of a few polymeric nanocomposite biomaterials which are potential candidates for bone tissue regeneration. These nanocomposites have been broadly classified into two groups viz. natural and synthetic polymer based. Natural polymer-based nanocomposites include materials fabricated through reinforcement of nanoparticles and/or nanofibers in a natural polymer matrix. Several widely used natural biopolymers, such as chitosan (CS), collagen (Col), cellulose, silk fibroin (SF), alginate, and fucoidan, have been reviewed regarding their present investigation on the incorporation of nanomaterial, biocompatibility, and tissue regeneration. Synthetic polymer-based nanocomposites that have been covered in this review include polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly (lactic acid) (PLA), and polyurethane (PU) based nanocomposites. An array of nanofillers, such as nano hydroxyapatite (nHA), nano zirconia (nZr), nano silica (nSi), silver nano particles (AgNPs), nano titanium dioxide (nTiO), graphene oxide (GO), that is used widely across the bone tissue regeneration research platform are included in this review with respect to their incorporation into a natural and/or synthetic polymer matrix. The influence of nanofillers on cell viability, both in vitro and in vivo, along with cytocompatibility and new tissue generation has been encompassed in this review. Moreover, nanocomposite material characterization using some commonly used analytical techniques, such as electron microscopy, spectroscopy, diffraction patterns etc., has been highlighted in this review. Biomaterial physical properties, such as pore size, porosity, particle size, and mechanical strength which strongly influences cell attachment, proliferation, and subsequent tissue growth has been covered in this review. This review has been sculptured around a case by case basis of current research that is being undertaken in the field of bone regeneration engineering. The nanofillers induced into the polymeric matrix render important properties, such as large surface area, improved mechanical strength as well as stability, improved cell adhesion, proliferation, and cell differentiation. The selection of nanocomposites is thus crucial in the analysis of viable treatment strategies for bone tissue regeneration for specific bone defects such as craniofacial defects. The effects of growth factor incorporation on the nanocomposite for controlling new bone generation are also important during the biomaterial design phase.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Bone and Bones; Humans; Nanocomposites; Polymers; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 32204012
DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110698 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2021Tissue engineering has been an inveterate area in the field of regenerative medicine for several decades. However, there remains limitations to engineer and regenerate... (Review)
Review
Tissue engineering has been an inveterate area in the field of regenerative medicine for several decades. However, there remains limitations to engineer and regenerate tissues. Targeted therapies using cell-encapsulated hydrogels, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are capable of reducing inflammation and increasing the regenerative potential in several tissues. In addition, the use of MSC-derived nano-scale secretions (i.e., exosomes) has been promising. Exosomes originate from the multivesicular division of cells and have high therapeutic potential, yet neither self-replicate nor cause auto-immune reactions to the host. To maintain their biological activity and allow a controlled release, these paracrine factors can be encapsulated in biomaterials. Among the different types of biomaterials in which exosome infusion is exploited, hydrogels have proven to be the most user-friendly, economical, and accessible material. In this paper, we highlight the importance of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes in tissue engineering and the different biomaterial strategies used in fabricating exosome-based biomaterials, to facilitate hard and soft tissue engineering.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Differentiation; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; Exosomes; Humans; Hydrogels; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteogenesis; Regenerative Medicine; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 33445616
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020684 -
Journal of Biomedical Materials... Apr 2021Immunoengineering is a new discipline that creates and applies engineering tools and principles to investigate and modulate the immune system. It spans from the... (Review)
Review
Immunoengineering is a new discipline that creates and applies engineering tools and principles to investigate and modulate the immune system. It spans from the molecular scale to the scale of populations and is critically important in both health and disease. This perspective discusses the rapid development of immunoengineering as a field, including advances to research and education. On the research side, immunoengineering is poised to revolutionize technologies for tissue engineering, drug delivery, and medical devices, among others. Immunoengineering is shown to unlock new tools for biomedical discovery and innovation and has the potential to safely and effectively treat myriad diseases, from cancer to infectious diseases to type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diseases in novel ways. On the educational side, it is described how immunoengineering centers and educational focus areas are being created at leading universities. Furthermore, data are presented to show how grant agencies are making major investments into the field and high-impact research and translational biotechnologies are being developed.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Biocompatible Materials; Bioengineering; Drug Discovery; Humans; Immunomodulating Agents; Immunomodulation
PubMed: 32588490
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37041