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Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Feb 2016Running biomechanics play an important role in the development of injuries. Performing a running biomechanics analysis on injured runners can help to develop treatment... (Review)
Review
Running biomechanics play an important role in the development of injuries. Performing a running biomechanics analysis on injured runners can help to develop treatment strategies. This article provides a framework for a systematic video-based running biomechanics analysis plan based on the current evidence on running injuries, using 2-dimensional (2D) video and readily available tools. Fourteen measurements are proposed in this analysis plan from lateral and posterior video. Identifying simple 2D surrogates for 3D biomechanic variables of interest allows for widespread translation of best practices, and have the best opportunity to impact the highly prevalent problem of the injured runner.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cumulative Trauma Disorders; Humans; Risk Factors; Running; Stress, Mechanical; Videotape Recording
PubMed: 26616185
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2015.08.006 -
Current Opinion in Ophthalmology Mar 2022Biomechanics is an important aspect of the complex family of diseases known as the glaucomas. Here, we review recent studies of biomechanics in glaucoma. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Biomechanics is an important aspect of the complex family of diseases known as the glaucomas. Here, we review recent studies of biomechanics in glaucoma.
RECENT FINDINGS
Several tissues have direct and/or indirect biomechanical roles in various forms of glaucoma, including the trabecular meshwork, cornea, peripapillary sclera, optic nerve head/sheath, and iris. Multiple mechanosensory mechanisms and signaling pathways continue to be identified in both the trabecular meshwork and optic nerve head. Further, the recent literature describes a variety of approaches for investigating the role of tissue biomechanics as a risk factor for glaucoma, including pathological stiffening of the trabecular meshwork, peripapillary scleral structural changes, and remodeling of the optic nerve head. Finally, there have been advances in incorporating biomechanical information in glaucoma prognoses, including corneal biomechanical parameters and iridial mechanical properties in angle-closure glaucoma.
SUMMARY
Biomechanics remains an active aspect of glaucoma research, with activity in both basic science and clinical translation. However, the role of biomechanics in glaucoma remains incompletely understood. Therefore, further studies are indicated to identify novel therapeutic approaches that leverage biomechanics. Importantly, clinical translation of appropriate assays of tissue biomechanical properties in glaucoma is also needed.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Glaucoma; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Optic Disk; Sclera; Trabecular Meshwork
PubMed: 34954731
DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000829 -
Acta Ortopedica Mexicana 2019The study of Biomechanics of the lumbar spine with clinical approach allows the physician related to locomotive sciences, to have a better interpretation of the clinical... (Review)
Review
The study of Biomechanics of the lumbar spine with clinical approach allows the physician related to locomotive sciences, to have a better interpretation of the clinical and radiological findings in order to carry out a treatment or a prediction of a medical problem with greater scientific foundation. The lumbar vertebral segment is studied from a biomechanical point of view in an integrated way, correlating with other body regions. The structures analyzed are the vertebrae, the intervertebral disks, the ligament and muscular system. The method of study goes from the static of the column to the dynamic, which includes the kinetic and kinematic aspects. The contradiction in the study of the lumbar spine is that the disorders of this body region are of the most frequent in the general and specialized medical consultation and, however, is not enough provided to the financial funds to carry out research.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Intervertebral Disc; Lumbar Vertebrae
PubMed: 32246612
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2019High tibial osteotomy becomes increasingly important in the treatment of cartilage damage or osteoarthritis of the medial compartment with concurrent varus deformity.... (Review)
Review
High tibial osteotomy becomes increasingly important in the treatment of cartilage damage or osteoarthritis of the medial compartment with concurrent varus deformity. HTO produces a postoperative valgus limb alignment with shifting the load-bearing axis of the lower limb laterally. However, maximizing procedural success and postoperative knee function still possess many difficulties. The key to improve the postoperative satisfaction and long-term survival is the understanding of the vital biomechanics of HTO in essence. This review article discussed the alignment principles, surgical technique, and fixation plate of HTO as well as the postoperative gait, musculoskeletal dynamics, and contact mechanics of the knee joint. We aimed to highlight the recent findings and progresses on the biomechanics of HTO. The biomechanical studies on HTO are still insufficient in the areas of gait analysis, joint kinematics, and joint contact mechanics. Combining musculoskeletal dynamics modelling and finite element analysis will help comprehensively understand in vivo patient-specific biomechanics after HTO.
Topics: Aged; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bone Plates; Gait Analysis; Humans; Knee Joint; Male; Middle Aged; Osteotomy; Tibia; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31191853
DOI: 10.1155/2019/8363128 -
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology,... Apr 2017This article reviews the evidence for the roles of the anterolateral soft-tissue structures in rotatory stability of the knee, including their structural properties,... (Review)
Review
This article reviews the evidence for the roles of the anterolateral soft-tissue structures in rotatory stability of the knee, including their structural properties, isometry, and contributions to resisting tibial internal rotation. These data then lead to a biomechanical demonstration that the ilio-tibial band is the most important structure for the restraint of anterolateral rotatory instability. Level of evidence V.
Topics: Anterior Cruciate Ligament; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Joint Deformities, Acquired; Joint Instability; Knee Joint; Ligaments, Articular; Rotation
PubMed: 28299387
DOI: 10.1007/s00167-017-4494-x -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2022In athletics sprint events, the block start performance can be fundamental to the outcome of a race. This Systematic Review aims to identify biomechanical factors of... (Review)
Review
In athletics sprint events, the block start performance can be fundamental to the outcome of a race. This Systematic Review aims to identify biomechanical factors of critical importance to the block start and subsequent first two steps performance. A systematic search of relevant English-language articles was performed on three scientific databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) to identify peer-reviewed articles published until June 2021. The keywords "Block Start", "Track and Field", "Sprint Running", and "Kinetics and Kinematics" were paired with all possible combinations. Studies reporting biomechanical analysis of the block start and/or first two steps, with track and field sprinters and reporting PB100m were sought for inclusion and analysis. Thirty-six full-text articles were reviewed. Several biomechanical determinants of sprinters have been identified. In the "Set" position, an anthropometry-driven block setting facilitating the hip extension and a rear leg contribution should be encouraged. At the push-off, a rapid extension of both hips and greater force production seems to be important. After block exiting, shorter flight times and greater propulsive forces are the main features of best sprinters. This systematic review emphasizes important findings and recommendations that may be relevant for researchers and coaches. Future research should focus on upper limbs behavior and on the analysis of the training drills used to improve starting performance.
Topics: Acceleration; Athletic Performance; Biomechanical Phenomena; Running; Track and Field
PubMed: 35409757
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074074 -
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology,... Dec 2021
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Joint Instability; Musculoskeletal System; Shoulder; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 34559246
DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06743-0 -
Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2018
Topics: Animals; Bioengineering; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biomedical Engineering; Cardiac Rehabilitation; Humans; Orthopedic Procedures; Swine
PubMed: 30210751
DOI: 10.1155/2018/1716809 -
Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) Nov 2019Muscle contraction is a three-dimensional process, as anyone who has observed a bulging muscle knows. Recent studies suggest that the three-dimensional nature of muscle... (Review)
Review
Muscle contraction is a three-dimensional process, as anyone who has observed a bulging muscle knows. Recent studies suggest that the three-dimensional nature of muscle contraction influences its mechanical output. Shape changes and radial forces appear to be important across scales of organization. Muscle architectural gearing is an emerging example of this process.
Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 31577172
DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00023.2019 -
Journal of Comparative Physiology. A,... Mar 2023Representatives of arthropods, the largest animal phylum, occupy terrestrial, aquatic, arboreal, and subterranean niches. Their evolutionary success depends on specific...
Representatives of arthropods, the largest animal phylum, occupy terrestrial, aquatic, arboreal, and subterranean niches. Their evolutionary success depends on specific morphological and biomechanical adaptations related to their materials and structures. Biologists and engineers have become increasingly interested in exploring these natural solutions to understand relationships between structures, materials, and their functions in living organisms. The aim of this special issue is to present the state-of-the-art research in this interdisciplinary field using modern methodology, such as imaging techniques, mechanical testing, movement capture, and numerical modeling. It contains nine original research reports covering diverse topics, including flight, locomotion, and attachment of the arthropods. The research achievements are essential not only to understand ecological adaptations, and evolutionary and behavioral traits, but also to drive prominent advances for engineering from exploitation of numerous biomimetic ideas.
Topics: Animals; Arthropods; Biomechanical Phenomena; Locomotion; Biological Evolution; Acclimatization
PubMed: 36813948
DOI: 10.1007/s00359-023-01621-1