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Biomedicines Aug 2022A great variety of particles of different compositions and shapes with typical sizes in the range 1-200 nm have been developed during the first years of this century...
A great variety of particles of different compositions and shapes with typical sizes in the range 1-200 nm have been developed during the first years of this century [...].
PubMed: 36009439
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081892 -
Biomedicines Jun 2021Due to the unique properties of lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) under near-infrared (NIR) light, the last decade has shown a sharp progress in their... (Review)
Review
Due to the unique properties of lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) under near-infrared (NIR) light, the last decade has shown a sharp progress in their biomedicine applications. Advances in the techniques for polymer, dye, and bio-molecule conjugation on the surface of the nanoparticles has further expanded their dynamic opportunities for optogenetics, oncotherapy and bioimaging. In this account, considering the primary benefits such as the absence of photobleaching, photoblinking, and autofluorescence of UCNPs not only facilitate the construction of accurate, sensitive and multifunctional nanoprobes, but also improve therapeutic and diagnostic results. We introduce, with the basic knowledge of upconversion, unique properties of UCNPs and the mechanisms involved in photon upconversion and discuss how UCNPs can be implemented in biological practices. In this focused review, we categorize the applications of UCNP-based various strategies into the following domains: neuromodulation, immunotherapy, drug delivery, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, bioimaging and biosensing. Herein, we also discuss the current emerging bioapplications with cutting edge nano-/biointerfacing of UCNPs. Finally, this review provides concluding remarks on future opportunities and challenges on clinical translation of UCNPs-based nanotechnology research.
PubMed: 34210059
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070756 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Nov 2017Kaolinite AlSiO(OH) is an abundant and inexpensive geomaterial regarded as one of the most common clay minerals in the earth's crust and the most widespread phase among... (Review)
Review
Kaolinite AlSiO(OH) is an abundant and inexpensive geomaterial regarded as one of the most common clay minerals in the earth's crust and the most widespread phase among the other kaolin polymorphs (halloysite, dickite and nacrite). Structurally, it is a hydrous aluminum phyllosilicate member belonging to the dioctahedral 1:1 kaolin mineral group. The particle size of the pseudohexagonal kaolinite platelets is normally <2μm (if compared to a human red blood cell of a typical diameter 6.2-8.2μm or to a virus particle of about 50nm diameter). The kaolinite platelets, either stacked together with a common booklet-like shape in a highly ordered structure (well crystallized) or disordered structure (poorly crystallized), consist of layers considered as a strong dipole of hydrophobic siloxane surface dominated by negative charges, and the other hydrophilic aluminol surface carries positive charges. Kaolinite has been used in many pharmaceutical applications as excipient or active ingredient, because it exhibits excellent physical, chemical and surface physicochemical properties. In addition to their classical pharmaceutical uses, kaolinite and its derivatives have been recently considered as a promising material in many biomedical innovation areas such as drug, protein and gene delivery based on the high interaction capacities with organic and biochemical molecules, bioadhesion and cellular uptake. Pharmaceutical kaolin grades are considerably demanded for usage as excipient in formulations of solid and semi-solid dosage forms. The most important functionalities of kaolin used as excipient are reported as diluent, binder, disintegrant, pelletizing and granulating, amorphizing, particle film coating, emulsifying and suspending agent. Because of its uninjured bioactivity, kaolinite has been also used as active agent for treatment of some common diseases. It can be topically administered as hemostatic agent, dermatological protector, anti-inflammatory agent and in pelotherapy, or orally as gastrointestinal protector, and antibacterial, antiviral, detoxification or antidiarrheal agent. With these premises, the future of kaolinite in health-care uses is strongly interesting, especially in the development of pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In biomedicinal investigations, it can be considered as a promising natural geomaterial for designing new derivatives that can contribute in the trials of discovering new therapeutic systems and treatment pathways of global challenge diseases such as cancer, viruses, antibiotic resistant bacteria, alzheimer, chronic skeletomuscular and geriatric diseases.
Topics: Animals; Biopharmaceutics; Excipients; Humans; Industry; Kaolin; Mud Therapy; Pharmacopoeias as Topic
PubMed: 28943206
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.056 -
Biomedicines Oct 2022Aging constitutes progressive physiological changes in an organism. These changes alter the normal biological functions, such as the ability to manage metabolic stress,... (Review)
Review
Aging constitutes progressive physiological changes in an organism. These changes alter the normal biological functions, such as the ability to manage metabolic stress, and eventually lead to cellular senescence. The process itself is characterized by nine hallmarks: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. These hallmarks are risk factors for pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Emerging evidence has been focused on examining the genetic pathways and biological processes in organisms surrounding these nine hallmarks. From here, the therapeutic approaches can be addressed in hopes of slowing the progression of aging. In this review, data have been collected on the hallmarks and their relative contributions to aging and supplemented with in vitro and in vivo antiaging research experiments. It is the intention of this article to highlight the most important antiaging strategies that researchers have proposed, including preventive measures, systemic therapeutic agents, and invasive procedures, that will promote healthy aging and increase human life expectancy with decreased side effects.
PubMed: 36289777
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102515 -
Biomedicines Feb 2020Herbal extracts and isolated plant compounds play an increasing role in the treatment of skin disorders and wounds. Several new herbal drugs, medicinal products and... (Review)
Review
Herbal extracts and isolated plant compounds play an increasing role in the treatment of skin disorders and wounds. Several new herbal drugs, medicinal products and cosmetic products for the treatment of various skin conditions have been developed in recent years. In this nonsystematic review, we focus on herbal drugs that were tested in controlled clinical studies or in scientifically sound preclinical studies. The herbal biomedicines are intended to treat atopic dermatitis (St. John's wort, licorice, tormentil, bitter substances, evening primrose), psoriasis (araroba tree, lace flower, barberry bark, indigo, turmeric, olibanum, St. John's wort), actinic keratosis (birch bark, petty spurge), herpes simplex (lemon balm, sage and rhubarb), rosacea (green tea, licorice, tormentil) and acne vulgaris (tea tree oil, green tea, hop), or to improve photo protection (green tea, Dyer's weed, cocoa tree, carotinoids, licorice), aesthetic dermatology (licorice, pine bark, gotu kola) and wound healing (birch bark, onion).
PubMed: 32046246
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020027 -
Biomedicines Apr 2021Oxygen is essential for the maintenance of the body. Living organisms have evolved systems to secure an oxygen environment to be proper. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)... (Review)
Review
Oxygen is essential for the maintenance of the body. Living organisms have evolved systems to secure an oxygen environment to be proper. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) plays an essential role in this process; it is a transcription factor that mediates erythropoietin (EPO) induction at the transcriptional level under hypoxic environment. After successful cDNA cloning in 1995, a line of studies were conducted for elucidating the molecular mechanism of HIF activation in response to hypoxia. In 2001, cDNA cloning of dioxygenases acting on prolines and asparagine residues, which play essential roles in this process, was reported. HIF-prolyl hydroxylases (PHs) are molecules that constitute the core molecular mechanism of detecting a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen, or hypoxia, in the cells; they can be called oxygen sensors. In this review, I discuss the process of molecular cloning of HIF and HIF-PH, which explains hypoxia-induced EPO expression; the development of HIF-PH inhibitors that artificially or exogenously activate HIF by inhibiting HIF-PH; and the significance and implications of medical intervention using HIF-PH inhibitors.
PubMed: 33923349
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050468 -
Biomedicines Oct 2022In 1903, Von Tappeiner and Jesionek [...].
In 1903, Von Tappeiner and Jesionek [...].
PubMed: 36359221
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112701 -
Biomedicines Aug 2022The celebration of one hundred years of insulin therapy in 2021 marked a milestone for the application of peptide-based therapeutics [...].
The celebration of one hundred years of insulin therapy in 2021 marked a milestone for the application of peptide-based therapeutics [...].
PubMed: 36009584
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082037 -
Biomedicines Nov 2023.
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PubMed: 38002069
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113070 -
Biomedicines Sep 2023The focus of this Special Issue on Biomedicines is on the value of "Biomarkers in Pain" from a broad perspective [...].
The focus of this Special Issue on Biomedicines is on the value of "Biomarkers in Pain" from a broad perspective [...].
PubMed: 37760995
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092554