-
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Sep 1963
Topics: Adenoma; Adenoma, Chromophobe; Craniopharyngioma; Humans; Neoplasms; Nystagmus, Pathologic; Pituitary Neoplasms; Surgical Procedures, Operative
PubMed: 14080077
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics Jan 2021Metabolic reprogramming confers cancer cells plasticity and viability under harsh conditions. Such active alterations lead to cell metabolic dependency, which can be... (Review)
Review
Metabolic reprogramming confers cancer cells plasticity and viability under harsh conditions. Such active alterations lead to cell metabolic dependency, which can be exploited as an attractive target in development of effective antitumor therapies. Similar to cancer cells, activated T cells also execute global metabolic reprogramming for their proliferation and effector functions when recruited to the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the high metabolic activity of rapidly proliferating cancer cells can compete for nutrients with immune cells in the TME, and consequently, suppressing their anti-tumor functions. Thus, therapeutic strategies could aim to restore T cell metabolism and anti-tumor responses in the TME by targeting the metabolic dependence of cancer cells. In this review, we highlight current research progress on metabolic reprogramming and the interplay between cancer cells and immune cells. We also discuss potential therapeutic intervention strategies for targeting metabolic pathways to improve cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immunity; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms
PubMed: 33144083
DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108659 -
The Oncologist Nov 2015The authors reflect on the palliative value of hope when dealing with illness.
The authors reflect on the palliative value of hope when dealing with illness.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Palliative Care
PubMed: 26446237
DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0274 -
Cell Death and Differentiation Jan 2014
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Death; Humans; Immune System; Neoplasms
PubMed: 24317270
DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.147 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Aug 2018Pleuroblastoma (PPB) is a rare pediatric tumor which, in 30% of cases, is associated with cystic nephroma. It has been recently linked to the DICER1 mutation as part of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pleuroblastoma (PPB) is a rare pediatric tumor which, in 30% of cases, is associated with cystic nephroma. It has been recently linked to the DICER1 mutation as part of a predisposition syndrome for various tumors. However, if DICER 1 anomalies have been reported in patients with Wilms tumor (WT), to date, no cases of PPB, WT, and DICER1 mutations have been reported in the same patient.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report the case of a 3-year-old patient, initially managed for metastatic WT. During his clinical course, the diagnosis of a PPB was made after detecting the DICER1 mutation and subsequent management was therefore modified.
CONCLUSION
This case highlights that in case of simultaneous discovery of a renal tumor and a pulmonary lesion in a child, the DICER 1 mutations should be looked for as these could help adapt management and schedule the surgical procedures.
Topics: Child, Preschool; DEAD-box RNA Helicases; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Prognosis; Pulmonary Blastoma; Ribonuclease III; Wilms Tumor
PubMed: 30097050
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1469-4 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jun 1995Epidemiological evidence indicates that avoidance of smoking, increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, and control of infections will have a major effect on... (Review)
Review
Epidemiological evidence indicates that avoidance of smoking, increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, and control of infections will have a major effect on reducing rates of cancer. Other factors include avoidance of intense sun exposure, increases in physical activity, and reduction of alcohol consumption and possibly red meat. A substantial reduction in breast cancer is likely to require modification of sex hormone levels, and development of practical methods for doing so is a high research priority. Resolution of the potential protective roles of specific antioxidants and other constituents of fruits and vegetables deserves major attention. Mechanistic studies of carcinogenesis indicate an important role of endogenous oxidative damage to DNA that is balanced by elaborate defense and repair processes. Also key is the rate of cell division, which is influenced by hormones, growth, cytotoxicity, and inflammation, as this determines the probability of converting DNA lesions to mutations. These mechanisms may underlie many epidemiologic observations.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 7777494
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.12.5258 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Sep 2023To report a rare gastroblastoma; discuss its clinical features, histopathological morphology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis; and so as to...
OBJECTIVE
To report a rare gastroblastoma; discuss its clinical features, histopathological morphology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis; and so as to improve the understanding on this disease and provide reference for its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
METHODS
The diagnosis and treatment, imaging examination, pathological, and genetic data of a 19-year-old young female patient with gastroblastoma were analyzed retrospectively, and the relevant literature was reviewed and summarized.
RESULTS
The patient was found to have a "gastrointestinal stromal tumor" for 3 days by physical examination in another hospital. Abdominal CT and MRI considered "solid pseudopapilloma of pancreas" and clinically planned to perform "radical pancreatoduodenectomy." During the operation, the tumor was observed to bulge from the posterior wall of the gastric antrum, and the root was located in the gastric antrum, so it was changed to "partial gastrectomy + Ronx-y gastrojejunal anastomosis." The postoperative pathology showed that the tumor was bi-differentiated between gastric epithelium and mesenchymal. Combined with the results of IHC and the opinions of several consultation units, the diagnosis of gastric blastoma (low-grade malignancy) was supported. However, the fracture rearrangement of GLI1 and EWSR1 genes was not detected by FISH. After 19 months of follow-up, no signs of tumor recurrence and metastasis were found.
CONCLUSION
Combined with existing literature reports, gastroblastoma occurs in young people, equally in men and women, and tends to occur in the gastric antrum. The biological behavior of the tumor tends to be inert, and the prognosis of most cases is good. Postoperative pathology and IHC are reliable methods for the diagnosis of gastric blastoma, and surgical resection of the lesion is the preferred treatment.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Zinc Finger Protein GLI1; Retrospective Studies; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Stomach Neoplasms; RNA-Binding Protein EWS
PubMed: 37658451
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03159-7 -
Mechanisms and clinical implications of tumor heterogeneity and convergence on recurrent phenotypes.Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin,... Nov 2017Tumor heterogeneity has been identified at various -omic levels. The tumor genome, transcriptome, proteome, and phenome can vary widely across cells in patient tumors... (Review)
Review
Tumor heterogeneity has been identified at various -omic levels. The tumor genome, transcriptome, proteome, and phenome can vary widely across cells in patient tumors and are influenced by tumor cell interactions with heterogeneous physical conditions and cellular components of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we explore the concept that while variation exists at multiple -omic levels, changes at each of these levels converge on the same pathways and lead to convergent phenotypes in tumors that can provide common drug targets. These phenotypes include cellular growth and proliferation, sustained oncogenic signaling, and immune avoidance, among others. Tumor heterogeneity complicates treatment of patient cancers as it leads to varied response to therapies. Identification of convergent cellular phenotypes arising in patient cancers and targeted therapies that reverse them has the potential to transform the way clinicians treat these cancers and to improve patient outcome.
Topics: Animals; Energy Metabolism; Genetic Heterogeneity; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasms; Phenotype; Recurrence; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 28871446
DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1587-4 -
Radiation Research Mar 2018There has been increased interest in the immune stimulatory properties of ionizing radiation based on several preclinical models and recently completed clinical studies... (Review)
Review
There has been increased interest in the immune stimulatory properties of ionizing radiation based on several preclinical models and recently completed clinical studies performed in combination with checkpoint inhibitors. This is a paradigm shift in that it considers the role of radiation beyond its direct cytotoxic effects, however, the factors that promote or limit radiation-induced immunogenicity are still unclear. Here we review the role of radiation in modulating the various aspects of the tumor immune microenvironment and discuss in particular the direct effects of radiation on the DNA damage response and its immediate consequences to neighboring cells. The latter "danger response" in particular can enhance recruitment of dendritic and macrophage cells to the tumor microenvironment, which in turn can activate or diminish subsequent T-cell priming. Identification of the critical factors that modulate the interaction between radiation-induced cell damage and the immune system will allow for rational combinational therapy design and the development of biomarkers that predict effective immune responses.
Topics: Animals; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms
PubMed: 29261410
DOI: 10.1667/RR14941.1 -
Cancer Apr 2017
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 28218808
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30555