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BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Apr 2013To determine the effects of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure, hormones, and lipids. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effects of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure, hormones, and lipids.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Medline, Embase, Cochrane Hypertension Group Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and reference list of relevant articles.
INCLUSION CRITERIA
Randomised trials with a modest reduction in salt intake and duration of at least four weeks.
DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS
Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Random effects meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and meta-regression were performed.
RESULTS
Thirty four trials (3230 participants) were included. Meta-analysis showed that the mean change in urinary sodium (reduced salt v usual salt) was -75 mmol/24 h (equivalent to a reduction of 4.4 g/day salt), and with this reduction in salt intake, the mean change in blood pressure was -4.18 mm Hg (95% confidence interval -5.18 to -3.18, I(2)=75%) for systolic blood pressure and -2.06 mm Hg (-2.67 to -1.45, I(2)=68%) for diastolic blood pressure. Meta-regression showed that age, ethnic group, blood pressure status (hypertensive or normotensive), and the change in 24 hour urinary sodium were all significantly associated with the fall in systolic blood pressure, explaining 68% of the variance between studies. A 100 mmol reduction in 24 hour urinary sodium (6 g/day salt) was associated with a fall in systolic blood pressure of 5.8 mm Hg (2.5 to 9.2, P=0.001) after adjustment for age, ethnic group, and blood pressure status. For diastolic blood pressure, age, ethnic group, blood pressure status, and the change in 24 hour urinary sodium explained 41% of the variance between studies. Meta-analysis by subgroup showed that in people with hypertension the mean effect was -5.39 mm Hg (-6.62 to -4.15, I(2)=61%) for systolic blood pressure and -2.82 mm Hg (-3.54 to -2.11, I(2)=52%) for diastolic blood pressure. In normotensive people, the figures were -2.42 mm Hg (-3.56 to -1.29, I(2)=66%) and -1.00 mm Hg (-1.85 to -0.15, I(2)=66%), respectively. Further subgroup analysis showed that the decrease in systolic blood pressure was significant in both white and black people and in men and women. Meta-analysis of data on hormones and lipids showed that the mean change was 0.26 ng/mL/h (0.17 to 0.36, I(2)=70%) for plasma renin activity, 73.20 pmol/L (44.92 to 101.48, I(2)=62%) for aldosterone, 187 pmol/L (39 to 336, I(2)=5%) for noradrenaline (norepinephrine), 37 pmol/L (-1 to 74, I(2)=12%) for adrenaline (epinephrine), 0.05 mmol/L (-0.02 to 0.11, I(2)=0%) for total cholesterol, 0.05 mmol/L (-0.01 to 0.12, I(2)=0%) for low density lipoprotein cholesterol, -0.02 mmol/L (-0.06 to 0.01, I(2)=16%) for high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 0.04 mmol/L (-0.02 to 0.09, I(2)=0%) for triglycerides.
CONCLUSIONS
A modest reduction in salt intake for four or more weeks causes significant and, from a population viewpoint, important falls in blood pressure in both hypertensive and normotensive individuals, irrespective of sex and ethnic group. Salt reduction is associated with a small physiological increase in plasma renin activity, aldosterone, and noradrenaline and no significant change in lipid concentrations. These results support a reduction in population salt intake, which will lower population blood pressure and thereby reduce cardiovascular disease. The observed significant association between the reduction in 24 hour urinary sodium and the fall in systolic blood pressure, indicates that larger reductions in salt intake will lead to larger falls in systolic blood pressure. The current recommendations to reduce salt intake from 9-12 to 5-6 g/day will have a major effect on blood pressure, but a further reduction to 3 g/day will have a greater effect and should become the long term target for population salt intake.
Topics: Aldosterone; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Lipids; Male; Norepinephrine; Public Health; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Renin; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23558162
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f1325 -
Medicine Apr 2021We aimed to assess the efficacy of resistance exercise in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
We aimed to assess the efficacy of resistance exercise in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
METHOD
PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched according to the index words to identify eligible RCTs, and relevant literature sources were also searched. The latest search was done in August 2019. Odds ratios (OR), mean difference (MD), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to analyze the main outcomes.
RESULT
Seventeen RCTs were included in the meta-analysis with 512 patients in the resistance exercise group and 498 patients in the control group. The results showed that compared with the control group, resistance exercise significantly decreased disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS-28) scores (standard mean difference [SMD]: -0.69, 95% CI: -1.26 to -0.11), reduced erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (SMD: -0.86, 95% CI: -1.65 to -0.07), and shortened the time of 50 ft. walking (SMD: -0.64, 95% CI: -0.99 to -0.28). No significant difference was observed in visual analog scale (VAS) scores (SMD: -0.61, 95% CI: -1.49-0.27) and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) scores (weighted mean difference: -0.10, 95% CI: -0.26-0.06).
CONCLUSION
Resistance exercise showed reducing DAS-28 score, ESR score, and the time of 50 ft. walking in RA patients compared with the control group. However, high quality multicenter RCTs with larger sample sizes to confirm the conclusion.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Sedimentation; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Resistance Training; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Walking Speed
PubMed: 33787585
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025019 -
Blood Transfusion = Trasfusione Del... Jul 2021Following the first reports in the literature, the association between the ABO blood group and SARS-CoV-2 infection has been investigated by a number of studies,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Following the first reports in the literature, the association between the ABO blood group and SARS-CoV-2 infection has been investigated by a number of studies, although with varying results. The main object of this systematic review was to assess the relationship between the ABO blood group and the occurrence and severity of COVID-19.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic literature search using appropriate MeSH terms was performed through Medline and PubMed. The outcomes considered were the prevalence of the blood group O vs non-O types in SARS-CoV-2 infected and non-infected subjects, and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection according to ABO group. The methodological quality of the studies included in the analysis was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the overall quality of the available evidence using the GRADE system. Benchmarks used to evaluate the effect size were odd ratios (ORs) for case control studies and risk ratios (RRs) for cohort studies.
RESULTS
Twenty-one studies were included in the analysis. Overall, individuals with group O had a lower infection rate compared to individuals of non-O group (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.86). However, the difference in the effect size was significantly lower in cohort studies compared to case control studies. No evidence was found indicating an effect of the O type on the disease severity in the infected patients.
DISCUSSION
We have found low/very low evidence that group O individuals are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to those in the non-O group. No evidence was found indicating an effect of the O type on disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Benchmarking; COVID-19; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Humans; Odds Ratio; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 34059188
DOI: 10.2450/2021.0049-21 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2016About 10% of reproductive-aged women suffer from endometriosis, a costly chronic disease causing pelvic pain and subfertility. Laparoscopy is the gold standard... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
About 10% of reproductive-aged women suffer from endometriosis, a costly chronic disease causing pelvic pain and subfertility. Laparoscopy is the gold standard diagnostic test for endometriosis, but is expensive and carries surgical risks. Currently, there are no non-invasive or minimally invasive tests available in clinical practice to accurately diagnose endometriosis. Although other reviews have assessed the ability of blood tests to diagnose endometriosis, this is the first review to use Cochrane methods, providing an update on the rapidly expanding literature in this field.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate blood biomarkers as replacement tests for diagnostic surgery and as triage tests to inform decisions on surgery for endometriosis. Specific objectives include:1. To provide summary estimates of the diagnostic accuracy of blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of peritoneal, ovarian and deep infiltrating pelvic endometriosis, compared to surgical diagnosis as a reference standard.2. To assess the diagnostic utility of biomarkers that could differentiate ovarian endometrioma from other ovarian masses.
SEARCH METHODS
We did not restrict the searches to particular study designs, language or publication dates. We searched CENTRAL to July 2015, MEDLINE and EMBASE to May 2015, as well as these databases to 20 April 2015: CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, LILACS, OAIster, TRIP, ClinicalTrials.gov, DARE and PubMed.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We considered published, peer-reviewed, randomised controlled or cross-sectional studies of any size, including prospectively collected samples from any population of reproductive-aged women suspected of having one or more of the following target conditions: ovarian, peritoneal or deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). We included studies comparing the diagnostic test accuracy of one or more blood biomarkers with the findings of surgical visualisation of endometriotic lesions.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two authors independently collected and performed a quality assessment of data from each study. For each diagnostic test, we classified the data as positive or negative for the surgical detection of endometriosis, and we calculated sensitivity and specificity estimates. We used the bivariate model to obtain pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity whenever sufficient datasets were available. The predetermined criteria for a clinically useful blood test to replace diagnostic surgery were a sensitivity of 0.94 and a specificity of 0.79 to detect endometriosis. We set the criteria for triage tests at a sensitivity of ≥ 0.95 and a specificity of ≥ 0.50, which 'rules out' the diagnosis with high accuracy if there is a negative test result (SnOUT test), or a sensitivity of ≥ 0.50 and a specificity of ≥ 0.95, which 'rules in' the diagnosis with high accuracy if there is a positive result (SpIN test).
MAIN RESULTS
We included 141 studies that involved 15,141 participants and evaluated 122 blood biomarkers. All the studies were of poor methodological quality. Studies evaluated the blood biomarkers either in a specific phase of the menstrual cycle or irrespective of the cycle phase, and they tested for them in serum, plasma or whole blood. Included women were a selected population with a high frequency of endometriosis (10% to 85%), in which surgery was indicated for endometriosis, infertility work-up or ovarian mass. Seventy studies evaluated the diagnostic performance of 47 blood biomarkers for endometriosis (44 single-marker tests and 30 combined tests of two to six blood biomarkers). These were angiogenesis/growth factors, apoptosis markers, cell adhesion molecules, high-throughput markers, hormonal markers, immune system/inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, microRNAs, tumour markers and other proteins. Most of these biomarkers were assessed in small individual studies, often using different cut-off thresholds, and we could only perform meta-analyses on the data sets for anti-endometrial antibodies, interleukin-6 (IL-6), cancer antigen-19.9 (CA-19.9) and CA-125. Diagnostic estimates varied significantly between studies for each of these biomarkers, and CA-125 was the only marker with sufficient data to reliably assess sources of heterogeneity.The mean sensitivities and specificities of anti-endometrial antibodies (4 studies, 759 women) were 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76 to 0.87) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.46 to 1.00). For IL-6, with a cut-off value of > 1.90 to 2.00 pg/ml (3 studies, 309 women), sensitivity was 0.63 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.75) and specificity was 0.69 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.82). For CA-19.9, with a cut-off value of > 37.0 IU/ml (3 studies, 330 women), sensitivity was 0.36 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.45) and specificity was 0.87 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.99).Studies assessed CA-125 at different thresholds, demonstrating the following mean sensitivities and specificities: for cut-off > 10.0 to 14.7 U/ml: 0.70 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.77) and 0.64 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.82); for cut-off > 16.0 to 17.6 U/ml: 0.56 (95% CI 0.24, 0.88) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.75, 1.00); for cut-off > 20.0 U/ml: 0.67 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.85) and 0.69 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.80); for cut-off > 25.0 to 26.0 U/ml: 0.73 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.79) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.77); for cut-off > 30.0 to 33.0 U/ml: 0.62 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.79) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.53 to 1.00); and for cut-off > 35.0 to 36.0 U/ml: 0.40 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.49) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.94).We could not statistically evaluate other biomarkers meaningfully, including biomarkers that were assessed for their ability to differentiate endometrioma from other benign ovarian cysts.Eighty-two studies evaluated 97 biomarkers that did not differentiate women with endometriosis from disease-free controls. Of these, 22 biomarkers demonstrated conflicting results, with some studies showing differential expression and others no evidence of a difference between the endometriosis and control groups.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Of the biomarkers that were subjected to meta-analysis, none consistently met the criteria for a replacement or triage diagnostic test. A subset of blood biomarkers could prove useful either for detecting pelvic endometriosis or for differentiating ovarian endometrioma from other benign ovarian masses, but there was insufficient evidence to draw meaningful conclusions. Overall, none of the biomarkers displayed enough accuracy to be used clinically outside a research setting. We also identified blood biomarkers that demonstrated no diagnostic value in endometriosis and recommend focusing research resources on evaluating other more clinically useful biomarkers.
Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; Biomarkers; CA-125 Antigen; CA-19-9 Antigen; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Ovarian Diseases; Pelvis; Peritoneal Diseases; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 27132058
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012179 -
Oncotarget Apr 2017Ovarian reserve reflects a woman's fertility potential. The ABO blood group system is a very stable genetic marker. Although many recent studies have explored the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Ovarian reserve reflects a woman's fertility potential. The ABO blood group system is a very stable genetic marker. Although many recent studies have explored the relationship between ABO blood group and ovarian reserve, a consensus has not yet been reached. This paper is the first meta-analysis and systematic review of the relationship between ABO blood type and ovarian reserve. We analyzed seven cross-sectional studies evaluating follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in 55,113 participants to determine ovarian reserve. This study found no relationship between ABO blood type and ovarian reserve when FSH was used as an indicator of ovarian reserve (A vs non-A:OR=1.03, 95% CI:0.96-1.11; B vs non-B: OR=0.98, 95% CI:0.75-1.29; AB vs non-AB:OR=0.96, 95% CI:0.71-1.30; O vs non-O:OR=1.03, 95%CI:0.74-1.43).There was also no relationship between ABO blood type and ovarian reserve when AMH was used as an indicator (A vs non-A:OR=0.89, 95% CI:0.76-1.03; B vs non-B:OR=1.02, 95% CI:0.80-1.30; AB vs non-AB:OR=1.14, 95% CI:0.80-1.64, O vs non-O:OR=1.07, 95% CI:0.86-1.34). Overall, the current study found no relationship between ABO blood group and ovarian reserve. However, additional rigorous, high-quality and multi-indicator studies with large sample sizes are required for further verification.
Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Heterogeneity; Humans; Odds Ratio; Ovarian Reserve
PubMed: 28445964
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15759 -
Biomolecules Nov 2018According to current therapeutic approaches, a nitrate-dietary supplementation with beetroot juice (BRJ) is postulated as a nutritional strategy that might help to...
According to current therapeutic approaches, a nitrate-dietary supplementation with beetroot juice (BRJ) is postulated as a nutritional strategy that might help to control arterial blood pressure in healthy subjects, pre-hypertensive population, and even patients diagnosed and treated with drugs. In this sense, a systematic review of random clinical trials (RCTs) published from 2008 to 2018 from PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and manual searches was conducted to identify studies examining the relationship between BRJ and blood pressure. The specific inclusion criteria were: (1) RCTs; (2) trials that assessed only the BRJ intake with control group; and (3) trials that reported the effects of this intervention on blood pressure. The search identified 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria. This review was able to demonstrate that BRJ supplementation is a cost-effective strategy that might reduce blood pressure in different populations, probably through the nitrate/nitrite/nitric oxide (NO₃/NO₂/NO) pathway and secondary metabolites found in . This easily found and cheap dietary intervention could significantly decrease the risk of suffering cardiovascular events and, in doing so, would help to diminish the mortality rate associated to this pathology. Hence, BRJ supplementation should be promoted as a key component of a healthy lifestyle to control blood pressure in healthy and hypertensive individuals. However, several factors related to BRJ intake (e.g., gender, secondary metabolites present in , etc.) should be studied more deeply.
Topics: Beta vulgaris; Bias; Blood Pressure; Diet; Female; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Nitrites; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30400267
DOI: 10.3390/biom8040134 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jan 2021In recent years, blood transfusions have been more commonly given to pets. The importance of determining blood groups in dogs and cats is, therefore, well-known for... (Review)
Review
In recent years, blood transfusions have been more commonly given to pets. The importance of determining blood groups in dogs and cats is, therefore, well-known for reducing the risk of adverse reactions in the recipient blood caused by a "non-compatible" donor. This systematic review summarizes data from previously published reports and follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for systematic reviews. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we identified 41 eligible studies using different states and blood-typing methods to determine blood groups in dogs. The dog blood groups that were identified between 1999 and 2020 in 17 different countries were combined to yield the DEA (Dog Erythrocyte Antigen), Kai, and Dal groups. These studies were conducted in Europe, America, Africa, and Asia but not in all the countries of these continents. The methods used to determine blood types have also changed over the years. This systematic review highlights gaps in the literature and should advance future studies synthesizing data with methodological rigor.
PubMed: 33572864
DOI: 10.3390/ani11020342 -
Epidemiology and Infection Jan 2022The association between the ABO blood group and the risk of malaria during pregnancy has not been clearly established. The present study summarised relevant knowledge... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The association between the ABO blood group and the risk of malaria during pregnancy has not been clearly established. The present study summarised relevant knowledge and reassessed the association through meta-analysis. Articles in MEDICINE and PubMed published before 30 November 2021 were searched. Five studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the meta-analysis. It was shown that primiparae with different ABO blood group, multiparae with blood group A and non-A, AB and non-AB had a comparable risk of malaria. However, multiparae with blood group B had a significantly higher risk than non-B group [odds ratio (OR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.01 to 1.50, P = 0.04], while multiparae with blood group O had a significantly lower risk than non-O group (OR = 0.78, 95% CI was 0.63 to 0.97, P = 0.03). Therefore, the ABO blood group may not result in a different risk of malaria in primiparae. Blood group B is potentially a risk factor while blood group O is a protective factor for multiparae.
Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Female; Humans; Malaria; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35193716
DOI: 10.1017/S095026882200005X -
Journal of Foot and Ankle Research Mar 2021For patients with diabetic foot ulcers, offloading is one crucial aspect of treatment and aims to redistribute pressure away from the ulcer site. In addition to...
BACKGROUND
For patients with diabetic foot ulcers, offloading is one crucial aspect of treatment and aims to redistribute pressure away from the ulcer site. In addition to offloading strategies, patients are often advised to reduce their activity levels. Consequently, patients may avoid exercise altogether. However, it has been suggested that exercise induces an increase in vasodilation and tissue blood flow, which may potentially facilitate ulcer healing. The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether exercise improves healing of diabetic foot ulcers.
REVIEW
We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE between July 6, 2009 and July 6, 2019 using the key terms and subject headings diabetes, diabetic foot, physical activity, exercise, resistance training and wound healing. Randomised controlled trials were included in this review. Three randomised controlled trials (139 participants) were included in this systematic review. All studies incorporated a form of non-weight bearing exercise as the intervention over a 12-week period. One study conducted the intervention in a supervised setting, while two studies conducted the intervention in an unsupervised setting. Two studies found greater improvement in percentage wound size reduction in the intervention group compared with the control group, with one of these studies achieving statistically significant findings (p < 0.05). The results of the third study demonstrated statistically significant findings for total wound size reduction (p < 0.05), however results were analysed within each treatment group and not between groups.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review found there is insufficient evidence to conclusively support non-weight bearing exercise as an intervention to improve healing of diabetic foot ulcers. Regardless, the results demonstrate some degree of wound size reduction and there were no negative consequences of the intervention for the participants. Given the potential benefits of exercise on patient health and wellbeing, non-weight bearing exercise should be encouraged as part of the management plan for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Further research is required to better understand the relationship between exercise and healing of diabetic foot ulcers.
Topics: Aged; Diabetic Foot; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Female; Foot; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Regional Blood Flow; Treatment Outcome; Vasodilation; Weight-Bearing; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33743791
DOI: 10.1186/s13047-021-00456-w -
Nutrients Jul 2020The association of egg consumption and serum cholesterol concentrations in healthy people has been discussed for a long time. In this study, we aimed to explore... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The association of egg consumption and serum cholesterol concentrations in healthy people has been discussed for a long time. In this study, we aimed to explore association of egg consumption with on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) concentrations and the LDL-c/HDL-c ratio through meta-analysis. This systematic review only included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating egg consumption in healthy populations without combination therapy. We extracted mean and standard deviation for LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, LDL-c/HDL-c. The extracted data were pooled in a random-effects model and were presented as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Moreover, subgroup analyses were conducted for understanding effects of more egg consumption (MEC) on different intervention periods, egg-consumption levels, classification of responders. Overall, 17 RCTs met the eligibility criteria and pooled results showed MEC group had a higher LDL-c/HDL-c ratio than the control group (MD = 0.14, = 0.001, I = 25%). The MEC group also had higher LDL-c than the control group (MD = 8.14, < 0.0001, I = 18%). Moreover, for the subset of intervention over two months, the MEC group seemed to have a larger effect size than the subset of intervention within two months. This synthesis, the largest meta-analysis on this topic, shows the impact of egg consumption on lipid profiles among healthy subjects. Notably, longer time with MEC may lead to higher LDL-c/HDL-c ratio and LDL-c. However, RCTs with long tern follow-up are needed to guarantee the association between egg consumption and human health.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diet; Diet Surveys; Eating; Eggs; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Young Adult
PubMed: 32635569
DOI: 10.3390/nu12071995