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International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Adolescence represents a vulnerable phase of life for psychological health. The practice of physical activity (PA) appears to have a positive influence on adolescents,... (Review)
Review
Adolescence represents a vulnerable phase of life for psychological health. The practice of physical activity (PA) appears to have a positive influence on adolescents, increasing self-esteem and producing a more positive body image. A systematic review of published articles over the past 10 years until June 2022 was conducted according to the PRISMA statement employing the electronic databases MEDLINE and Web of Science (639 records) to summarize the literature on the relationship between body image dissatisfaction (BID) and assessed by figural scales and practice of structured and unstructured PA in adolescents (10-18 years), taking into account BMI and/or weight status. All articles were independently reviewed using inclusion/exclusion criteria, retrieved data, and assessed quality with the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. The main finding of interest that emerged from most of the 28 included studies is the negative association between BID and PA during adolescence: as PA increases, BID decreases. However, this updated systematic review also identified some flaws in the existing literature, highlighting the need for high-quality adolescent research using validated figural scales and objective PA assessments. In conclusion, the reviewed studies showed that PA involvement can be efficacious in protecting from body image perception concerns and enhancing body satisfaction. Future interventions should promote structured and unstructured PA during adolescence to improve self-esteem and body image.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Body Image; Exercise; Self Concept; Personal Satisfaction; Mental Health
PubMed: 36293770
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013190 -
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric... Oct 2019Eating disorders are serious psychiatric disorders, associated with significant psychiatric and medical consequences. Although traditionally considered a female... (Review)
Review
Eating disorders are serious psychiatric disorders, associated with significant psychiatric and medical consequences. Although traditionally considered a female disorder, more recent evidence has determined that EDs among males are not uncommon and are equally severe in symptom presentation. Among youth and adolescent males, certain factors increase the risk for ED, including muscularity-focused body image concerns and sexual orientation. Future study of these and other factors that may increase the risk for or maintain EDs among adolescent males is critical to improving screening, assessment, and precision treatment efforts.
Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Binge-Eating Disorder; Body Image; Child; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Global Health; Humans; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31443881
DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2019.05.012 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2019Disordered eating attitudes are rapidly increasing, especially among young women in their twenties. These disordered behaviours result from the interaction of several...
Disordered eating attitudes are rapidly increasing, especially among young women in their twenties. These disordered behaviours result from the interaction of several factors, including beauty ideals. A significant factor is social media, by which the unrealistic beauty ideals are popularized and may lead to these behaviours. The objectives of this study were, first, to determine the relationship between disordered eating behaviours among female university students and sociocultural factors, such as the use of social network sites, beauty ideals, body satisfaction, body image and the body image desired to achieve and, second, to determine whether there is a sensitive relationship between disordered eating attitudes, addiction to social networks, and testosterone levels as a biological factor. The data ( = 168) was obtained using validated surveys (EAT-26, BSQ, CIPE-a, SNSA) and indirect measures of prenatal testosterone. The data was analysed using chi-square, Student's t-test, correlation tests and logistic regression tests. The results showed that disordered eating attitudes were linked to self-esteem ( < 0.001), body image ( < 0.001), body desired to achieve ( < 0.001), the use of social media ( < 0.001) and prenatal testosterone ( < 0.01). The findings presented in this study suggest a relationship between body image, body concerns, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating attitudes among college women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Dissatisfaction; Body Image; Cross-Sectional Studies; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Personal Satisfaction; Self Concept; Social Media; Spain; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 31671857
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214177 -
Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Dec 2022In this theoretical review paper, we provide a developmental-sociocultural framework for the role of social media (SM) in adolescent girls' body image concerns, and in... (Review)
Review
In this theoretical review paper, we provide a developmental-sociocultural framework for the role of social media (SM) in adolescent girls' body image concerns, and in turn, depressive symptoms and disordered eating. We propose that the features of SM (e.g., idealized images of peers, quantifiable feedback) intersect with adolescent developmental factors (e.g., salience of peer relationships) and sociocultural gender socialization processes (e.g., societal over-emphasis on girls' and women's physical appearance) to create the "perfect storm" for exacerbating girls' body image concerns. We argue that, ultimately, body image concerns may be a key mechanism underlying associations between adolescent girls' SM use and mental health. In the context of proposing this framework, we provide empirical evidence for how SM may increase adolescent girls' body image concerns through heightening their focus on (1) other people's physical appearance (e.g., through exposure to idealized images of peers, celebrities, and SM influencers; quantifiable indicators of approval); and (2) their own appearance (e.g., through appearance-related SM consciousness; exposure to idealized self-images; encouraging over-valuing of appearance; and peer approval of photos/videos). Our framework highlights new avenues for future research on adolescent girls' SM use and mental health, which recognize the central role of body image.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Body Image; Social Media; Mental Health; Self Concept; Peer Group
PubMed: 35841501
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00404-5 -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva Jul 2020This study aimed to examine the factors associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with students from two public and four...
This study aimed to examine the factors associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with students from two public and four private schools in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. Body dissatisfaction was evaluated using the Body Silhouette Scale, by the difference between the image they perceive as their current image and the one they would like to have. The association was assessed by hierarchical logistic regression multinomial model, by estimating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Among the 1,019 adolescents evaluated (13-19 years), 75% showed body dissatisfaction, 41.4% wishing for a smaller silhouette and 33.7% wishing for larger silhouettes. The wish for a smaller silhouette was more significant in girls, overweight adolescents, those with an unsatisfactory meal pattern, and with higher waist circumference. Adolescents that had been exposed to teasing due to their body shape increased the probability of wishing for both smaller and larger silhouettes. Strategies are required for a more positive perception of body image, especially for girls and for overweight adolescents, which provide guidance on adequate meal consumption and prevent exposure to peer teasing, valuing coexistence and well-being in the face of existing bodily differences.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Dissatisfaction; Body Image; Body Mass Index; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans
PubMed: 32667558
DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020257.27452018 -
Psychiatry Research Feb 2017Adolescence is a period marked by important physical and social changes that can lead to a negative body image. The purpose of this study was to find a model enabling...
Adolescence is a period marked by important physical and social changes that can lead to a negative body image. The purpose of this study was to find a model enabling the appearance of behavioral impairment related to body image (restrictions, avoidance, and checking) to be predicted by body image attitudes (concern or Appearance Orientation, and dissatisfaction or Appearance Evaluation), Gender, emotional symptomatology, self-consciousness, ideas of reference (IR) and age. A total of 661 participants (67.47% girls) with an average age of 17.14 years (SD=2.34) filled in the GHQ-28, SCS on self-consciousness, REF referential thinking scale, MBSRQ (AO and AE), and BIAQ. A partial mediation model was found for IR, age and depressive symptomatology between dissatisfaction and concern about body image and Gender, to behavioral impairment related to body image. The results found suggest that age, depressive symptomatology, and IR may be mediator variables in the relationship between dissatisfaction and concern about body image, on body image behavioral impairment. This relationship implies a severity to be considered in intervention and monitoring of body image behavioral impairments in adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Attitude; Body Image; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Models, Psychological; Personal Satisfaction
PubMed: 28039804
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.003 -
Body Image Dec 2018"Selfies" (self-taken photos) are a common self-presentation strategy on social media. This study experimentally tested whether taking and posting selfies, with and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
"Selfies" (self-taken photos) are a common self-presentation strategy on social media. This study experimentally tested whether taking and posting selfies, with and without photo-retouching, elicits changes to mood and body image among young women. Female undergraduate students (N = 110) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: taking and uploading either an untouched selfie, taking and posting a preferred and retouched selfie to social media, or a control group. State mood and body image were measured pre- and post-manipulation. As predicted, there was a main effect of experimental condition on changes to mood and feelings of physical attractiveness. Women who took and posted selfies to social media reported feeling more anxious, less confident, and less physically attractive afterwards compared to those in the control group. Harmful effects of selfies were found even when participants could retake and retouch their selfies. This is the first experimental study showing that taking and posting selfies on social media causes adverse psychological effects for women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Anxiety; Body Image; Emotions; Female; Humans; Photography; Self Concept; Social Media; Students; Young Adult
PubMed: 30149282
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.007 -
Eating and Weight Disorders : EWD Jun 2017Social media use is ever increasing amongst young adults and has previously been shown to have negative effects on body image, depression, social comparison, and...
PURPOSE
Social media use is ever increasing amongst young adults and has previously been shown to have negative effects on body image, depression, social comparison, and disordered eating. One eating disorder of interest in this context is orthorexia nervosa, an obsession with eating healthily. High orthorexia nervosa prevalence has been found in populations who take an active interest in their health and body and is frequently comorbid with anorexia nervosa. Here, we investigate links between social media use, in particularly Instagram and orthorexia nervosa symptoms.
METHODS
We conducted an online survey of social media users (N = 680) following health food accounts. We assessed their social media use, eating behaviours, and orthorexia nervosa symptoms using the ORTO-15 inventory.
RESULTS
Higher Instagram use was associated with a greater tendency towards orthorexia nervosa, with no other social media channel having this effect. In exploratory analyses Twitter showed a small positive association with orthorexia symptoms. BMI and age had no association with orthorexia nervosa. The prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among the study population was 49%, which is significantly higher than the general population (<1%).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that the healthy eating community on Instagram has a high prevalence of orthorexia symptoms, with higher Instagram use being linked to increased symptoms. These findings highlight the implications social media can have on psychological wellbeing, and the influence social media 'celebrities' may have over hundreds of thousands of individuals. These results may also have clinical implications for eating disorder development and recovery.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Image; Feeding Behavior; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Social Media; Symptom Assessment; Young Adult
PubMed: 28251592
DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0364-2 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Sep 2014Pregnancy-related physical changes can have a significant impact on a woman's body image. There is no synthesis of existing literature to describe the intricacies of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Pregnancy-related physical changes can have a significant impact on a woman's body image. There is no synthesis of existing literature to describe the intricacies of women's experiences of their body, and relevant clinical implications.
METHODS
Four electronic databases were searched in February 2014 using predefined search terms. English-language, qualitative studies published between January 1992 and December 2013 exploring pregnancy and postpartum body image were included. Following quality appraisal, 17 papers were synthesised using the interpretive thematic synthesis approach within a social constructionist framework.
RESULTS
Three themes were highlighted: "Public Event: 'Fatness' vs. Pregnancy", "Control: Nature vs. Self", and "Role: Woman vs. Mother". Women perceived the pregnant body to be out of their control and as transgressing the socially constructed ideal, against which they tried to protect their body image satisfaction. Women perceived the physical manifestation of the mothering role as incongruent to their other roles as a wife or partner, or working woman. Body dissatisfaction dominated the postpartum period.
CONCLUSIONS
Women's perception of their pregnancy body image is varied and depends on the strategies they use to protect against social constructions of female beauty. Women have unrealistic expectations for their postpartum body, highlighting this as an area where women need better support. Attending to women's narratives about their pregnant body may identify at-risk women and provide an opportunity for health professionals to provide support to either address or accept body image dissatisfaction. Clinical communication training may enable health professionals to explore body image concerns with women and guide them in identifying ways of accepting or reducing any dissatisfaction.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Body Image; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Internal-External Control; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Social Desirability
PubMed: 25248649
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-330 -
Current Opinion in Psychiatry Nov 2020To review the recent literature on eating disorders, disordered eating behaviors (DEB), and body image dissatisfaction among sexual and gender minority populations,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To review the recent literature on eating disorders, disordered eating behaviors (DEB), and body image dissatisfaction among sexual and gender minority populations, including, but not limited to, gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people.
RECENT FINDINGS
Overall, eating disorders, DEB, and body dissatisfaction are common among sexual and gender minority populations. Lifetime prevalence for anorexia nervosa (1.7%), bulimia nervosa (1.3%), and binge-eating disorder (2.2%) diagnoses are higher among sexual minority adults compared with cisgender heterosexual adults in the United States. Lifetime prevalence of eating disorders by self-report of a healthcare provider's diagnosis are 10.5% for transgender men and 8.1% for transgender women in the United States, including anorexia nervosa (4.2 and 4.1%) and bulimia nervosa (3.2 and 2.9%), respectively. DEB may be perpetuated by minority stress and discrimination experienced by these individuals. Body dissatisfaction may be a core stressor experienced by transgender people; gender dysphoria treatment has been shown to increase body satisfaction. A particular clinical challenge in caring for transgender youth with eating disorders is the standard use of growth charts based on sex.
SUMMARY
Novel research demonstrates that sexual and gender minorities with eating disorders have unique concerns with regards to disordered eating and body image.
Topics: Body Image; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Prevalence; Self Concept; Sexual and Gender Minorities
PubMed: 32858597
DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000645