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International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2019Disordered eating attitudes are rapidly increasing, especially among young women in their twenties. These disordered behaviours result from the interaction of several...
Disordered eating attitudes are rapidly increasing, especially among young women in their twenties. These disordered behaviours result from the interaction of several factors, including beauty ideals. A significant factor is social media, by which the unrealistic beauty ideals are popularized and may lead to these behaviours. The objectives of this study were, first, to determine the relationship between disordered eating behaviours among female university students and sociocultural factors, such as the use of social network sites, beauty ideals, body satisfaction, body image and the body image desired to achieve and, second, to determine whether there is a sensitive relationship between disordered eating attitudes, addiction to social networks, and testosterone levels as a biological factor. The data ( = 168) was obtained using validated surveys (EAT-26, BSQ, CIPE-a, SNSA) and indirect measures of prenatal testosterone. The data was analysed using chi-square, Student's t-test, correlation tests and logistic regression tests. The results showed that disordered eating attitudes were linked to self-esteem ( < 0.001), body image ( < 0.001), body desired to achieve ( < 0.001), the use of social media ( < 0.001) and prenatal testosterone ( < 0.01). The findings presented in this study suggest a relationship between body image, body concerns, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating attitudes among college women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Dissatisfaction; Body Image; Cross-Sectional Studies; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Personal Satisfaction; Self Concept; Social Media; Spain; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 31671857
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214177 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Adolescence represents a vulnerable phase of life for psychological health. The practice of physical activity (PA) appears to have a positive influence on adolescents,... (Review)
Review
Adolescence represents a vulnerable phase of life for psychological health. The practice of physical activity (PA) appears to have a positive influence on adolescents, increasing self-esteem and producing a more positive body image. A systematic review of published articles over the past 10 years until June 2022 was conducted according to the PRISMA statement employing the electronic databases MEDLINE and Web of Science (639 records) to summarize the literature on the relationship between body image dissatisfaction (BID) and assessed by figural scales and practice of structured and unstructured PA in adolescents (10-18 years), taking into account BMI and/or weight status. All articles were independently reviewed using inclusion/exclusion criteria, retrieved data, and assessed quality with the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. The main finding of interest that emerged from most of the 28 included studies is the negative association between BID and PA during adolescence: as PA increases, BID decreases. However, this updated systematic review also identified some flaws in the existing literature, highlighting the need for high-quality adolescent research using validated figural scales and objective PA assessments. In conclusion, the reviewed studies showed that PA involvement can be efficacious in protecting from body image perception concerns and enhancing body satisfaction. Future interventions should promote structured and unstructured PA during adolescence to improve self-esteem and body image.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Body Image; Exercise; Self Concept; Personal Satisfaction; Mental Health
PubMed: 36293770
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013190 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2021(1) Summary: Many studies have evaluated the association between traditional media exposure and the presence of body dissatisfaction and body image disorders. The last...
Social Media Use and Body Image Disorders: Association between Frequency of Comparing One's Own Physical Appearance to That of People Being Followed on Social Media and Body Dissatisfaction and Drive for Thinness.
(1) Summary: Many studies have evaluated the association between traditional media exposure and the presence of body dissatisfaction and body image disorders. The last decade has borne witness to the rise of social media, predominantly used by teenagers and young adults. This study's main objective was to investigate the association between how often one compares their physical appearance to that of the people they follow on social media, and one's body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. (2) Method: A sample composed of 1331 subjects aged 15 to 35 (mean age = 24.2), including 1138 subjects recruited from the general population and 193 patients suffering from eating disorders, completed an online questionnaire assessing social media use (followed accounts, selfies posted, image comparison frequency). This questionnaire incorporated two items originating from the Eating Disorder Inventory Scale (Body Dissatisfaction: EDI-BD and Drive for Thinness: EDI-DT). (3) Results: We found an association between the frequency of comparing one's own physical appearance to that of people followed on social media and body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. Interestingly, the level of education was a confounding factor in this relationship, while BMI was not. (4) Discussion: The widespread use of social media in teenagers and young adults could increase body dissatisfaction as well as their drive for thinness, therefore rendering them more vulnerable to eating disorders. We should consequently take this social evolution into account, including it in general population prevention programs and in patients' specific treatment plans.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Dissatisfaction; Body Dysmorphic Disorders; Body Image; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Physical Appearance, Body; Social Media; Thinness; Young Adult
PubMed: 33799804
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062880 -
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric... Oct 2019Eating disorders are serious psychiatric disorders, associated with significant psychiatric and medical consequences. Although traditionally considered a female... (Review)
Review
Eating disorders are serious psychiatric disorders, associated with significant psychiatric and medical consequences. Although traditionally considered a female disorder, more recent evidence has determined that EDs among males are not uncommon and are equally severe in symptom presentation. Among youth and adolescent males, certain factors increase the risk for ED, including muscularity-focused body image concerns and sexual orientation. Future study of these and other factors that may increase the risk for or maintain EDs among adolescent males is critical to improving screening, assessment, and precision treatment efforts.
Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Binge-Eating Disorder; Body Image; Child; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Global Health; Humans; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31443881
DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2019.05.012 -
Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Dec 2022In this theoretical review paper, we provide a developmental-sociocultural framework for the role of social media (SM) in adolescent girls' body image concerns, and in... (Review)
Review
In this theoretical review paper, we provide a developmental-sociocultural framework for the role of social media (SM) in adolescent girls' body image concerns, and in turn, depressive symptoms and disordered eating. We propose that the features of SM (e.g., idealized images of peers, quantifiable feedback) intersect with adolescent developmental factors (e.g., salience of peer relationships) and sociocultural gender socialization processes (e.g., societal over-emphasis on girls' and women's physical appearance) to create the "perfect storm" for exacerbating girls' body image concerns. We argue that, ultimately, body image concerns may be a key mechanism underlying associations between adolescent girls' SM use and mental health. In the context of proposing this framework, we provide empirical evidence for how SM may increase adolescent girls' body image concerns through heightening their focus on (1) other people's physical appearance (e.g., through exposure to idealized images of peers, celebrities, and SM influencers; quantifiable indicators of approval); and (2) their own appearance (e.g., through appearance-related SM consciousness; exposure to idealized self-images; encouraging over-valuing of appearance; and peer approval of photos/videos). Our framework highlights new avenues for future research on adolescent girls' SM use and mental health, which recognize the central role of body image.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Body Image; Social Media; Mental Health; Self Concept; Peer Group
PubMed: 35841501
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00404-5 -
Advances in Clinical and Experimental... Aug 2019The aim of this overview study is to familiarize readers with the impact of changes to body image (BI) among patients treated for breast cancer. Body image is subjected... (Review)
Review
The aim of this overview study is to familiarize readers with the impact of changes to body image (BI) among patients treated for breast cancer. Body image is subjected to many changes during oncological treatment and every method of treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy) can have a negative impact on the way the treated patients perceive their bodies. The article differentiates the susceptibility of patients to a worsened self-image due to their pre-disease personality, socioeconomic factors, age, and declared sense of control during the oncological treatment. Herein, the areas of patients' lives which are the most affected by negative BI are discussed: quality of life and functioning in society, with particular emphasis on the return to work and sexuality. The ways of protecting patients' BI throughout treatment which have been proposed in the literature are presented in conclusions.
Topics: Body Image; Breast Neoplasms; Humans; Quality of Life; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 30817097
DOI: 10.17219/acem/103626 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Aug 2022Scientific evidence supports an interactive model of biopsychosocial influences on the etiology of eating disorders. New genome-wide association studies suggest...
Scientific evidence supports an interactive model of biopsychosocial influences on the etiology of eating disorders. New genome-wide association studies suggest underlying metabolic dysregulation in anorexia nervosa. Among the psychological factors, body dissatisfaction (IC) is the most consistent predictor, mainly in females. Low self-esteem, negative affect and internalization of the ideal of thinness predict IC. Certain personality traits and other individual factors such as a high body mass index, emotional problems and some metabolic and digestive diseases, social factors such as some sporting or professional activities focused on body shape pressure, characteristics of the family environment, and social and peer group pressures to be thin, currently mediated by the use/abuse of social networks, act as risk factors for ED. Most prevention programs target adolescent girls in secondary education and young people. Interventions at an early age, in adults and in men are scarce. Successful programs focused on one or more risk factors, based on cognitive or behavioral approaches, include content on healthy eating or nutrition, media literacy, sociocultural pressures, and body acceptance or body satisfaction. They incorporate new technologies and are interactive. More research and innovative prevention programs for eating disorders in young children, adults and men are in need.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Body Image; Child; Child, Preschool; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Thinness
PubMed: 35748361
DOI: 10.20960/nh.04174 -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva Jul 2020This study aimed to examine the factors associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with students from two public and four...
This study aimed to examine the factors associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with students from two public and four private schools in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. Body dissatisfaction was evaluated using the Body Silhouette Scale, by the difference between the image they perceive as their current image and the one they would like to have. The association was assessed by hierarchical logistic regression multinomial model, by estimating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Among the 1,019 adolescents evaluated (13-19 years), 75% showed body dissatisfaction, 41.4% wishing for a smaller silhouette and 33.7% wishing for larger silhouettes. The wish for a smaller silhouette was more significant in girls, overweight adolescents, those with an unsatisfactory meal pattern, and with higher waist circumference. Adolescents that had been exposed to teasing due to their body shape increased the probability of wishing for both smaller and larger silhouettes. Strategies are required for a more positive perception of body image, especially for girls and for overweight adolescents, which provide guidance on adequate meal consumption and prevent exposure to peer teasing, valuing coexistence and well-being in the face of existing bodily differences.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Dissatisfaction; Body Image; Body Mass Index; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans
PubMed: 32667558
DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020257.27452018 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2021Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women worldwide, considered a global public health problem. Among BC women, some of the most common psychological... (Review)
Review
Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women worldwide, considered a global public health problem. Among BC women, some of the most common psychological symptoms in the adaptation to the disease are reduction in self-esteem and distorted body image (BI). Although there are numerous studies with the goal of promoting different psychological variables, BI and self-esteem are often separately observed despite their relationship and their importance in the process of the illness. Moreover, there have been no reviews that have synthesized the findings related to interventions aimed at enhancing both self-esteem and BI in BC women. Therefore, the objective of this review was to identify and examine the implemented interventions aimed at boosting both variables in this population. For this purpose, a systematic review was implemented following the PRISMA statement. A thorough search was performed on the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, PsychInfo, PsychArticles, and Scopus. Among 287 records, only eight articles met the eligibility criteria. Interventions were grouped into three types according to their characteristics: Group therapies, Physical activity therapies, and Cosmetic and beauty treatments. The levels of effectiveness of the different interventions varied between them, and within each, in their impact on self-esteem and BI. More interventions focused on developing BI and self-esteem in this population are needed due to their ability to predict psychological functioning and quality of life of women with breast cancer.
Topics: Body Image; Breast Neoplasms; Exercise; Female; Humans; Quality of Life; Self Concept
PubMed: 33572137
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041640 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Aug 2022Eating disorders (ED) are a multifactorial pathology. In their origin multiple variables are involved to which nowadays a possible enhancing factor is added: the...
Eating disorders (ED) are a multifactorial pathology. In their origin multiple variables are involved to which nowadays a possible enhancing factor is added: the diffusion and promotion of the culture of thinness and the apology of ED through the social media (SM) used by the youngest people. Through the feedback tools of the social networks (likes, comments, visits, retweets, etc.) and the elements of comparison between equals of the most visual SMs, many users come to develop risk behaviours that in turn give feedback to others. In addition, a sense of belonging to a group or tribe is created through communities whose members feel supported and where very restrictive diets are shared in an affective way, as well as ways of hiding these and other behaviours from those who do not belong to the group; both elements make it difficult for professionals and the family to intervene. Due to the extensive use of SMs, the rapid dissemination of all that is published, and the limited control over shared content, it is virtually impossible to control those sites that advocate and promote behaviours that contribute to the development or maintenance of ED. Cyberbullying or intimidation through digital technologies often uses body image criticisms that damage the self-esteem of the most vulnerable. This cyberbullying is a factor increasingly present in young people who have suffered an ED. The key to prevention is considered to be media literacy in the use of SM, as well as parental supervision of the youngest. People at risk or who have already been diagnosed with ED find in these networks the social support they seek but are biased towards risk behaviours, when it is possible for health professionals to use them to the benefit of promoting healthy habits and for recovery from these disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Image; Cyberbullying; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Self Concept; Social Media
PubMed: 35748367
DOI: 10.20960/nh.04180