-
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021Issues arising in wound healing are very common, and chronic wound infections affect approximately 1.5% of the population. The main substances used in wound washing,... (Review)
Review
Issues arising in wound healing are very common, and chronic wound infections affect approximately 1.5% of the population. The main substances used in wound washing, cleansing and treatment are antiseptics. Today, there are many compounds with a known antiseptic activity. Older antiseptics (e.g., boric acid, ethacridine lactate, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, iodoform, iodine and dyes) are not recommended for wound treatment due to a number of disadvantages. According to the newest guidelines of the Polish Society for Wound Treatment and the German Consensus on Wound Antisepsis, only the following antiseptics should be taken into account for wound treatment: octenidine (OCT), polihexanide (PHMB), povidone-iodine (PVP-I), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and nanosilver. This article provides an overview of the five antiseptics mentioned above, their chemical properties, wound applications, side effects and safety.
PubMed: 34959654
DOI: 10.3390/ph14121253 -
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Dec 2019A retrospective chart review characterized clinicians' use of maintenance intravaginal boric acid for women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis or bacterial...
A retrospective chart review characterized clinicians' use of maintenance intravaginal boric acid for women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis or bacterial vaginosis. Average length of use was 13 months with high patient satisfaction and few adverse events. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of maintenance boric acid for these conditions.
Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Boric Acids; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Patient Satisfaction; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 31663976
DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001063 -
Communications Chemistry May 2023The emergence of proteins and their interactions with RNAs were a key step in the origin and early evolution of life. The abiotic synthesis of peptides has been limited...
The emergence of proteins and their interactions with RNAs were a key step in the origin and early evolution of life. The abiotic synthesis of peptides has been limited in short amino acid length and is favored in highly alkaline evaporitic conditions in which RNAs are unstable. This environment is also inconsistent with estimated Hadean Earth. Prebiotic environments rich in boron are reportedly ideal for abiotic RNA synthesis. However, the effects of boron on amino acid polymerization are unclear. We report that boric acid enables the polymerization of amino acids at acidic and near-neutral pH levels based on simple heating experiments of amino acid solutions containing borate/boric acid at various pH levels. Our study provides evidence for the boron-assisted synthesis of polypeptides in prebiotically plausible environments, where the same conditions would allow for the formation of RNAs and interactions of primordial proteins and RNAs that could be inherited by RNA-dependent protein synthesis during the evolution of life.
PubMed: 37169868
DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00885-7 -
Biomacromolecules Aug 2019We report on a controlled process allowing for the gelation of a diol-rich chitosan-derivative named CTL (lactose-modified chitosan) in the presence of boric acid as the...
We report on a controlled process allowing for the gelation of a diol-rich chitosan-derivative named CTL (lactose-modified chitosan) in the presence of boric acid as the cross-linker. A two-step approach is described, namely (i) the mixing of CTL and boric acid at pH = 5, a condition where the inorganic component is mildly reactive; (ii) the addition of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) as a trigger, allowing for the gradual and slow pH increase. The goal was to convert gradually the almost inert neutral boric acid into the much more reactive borate anion, the latter promoting the formation of borate esters with CTL diols. Gelling kinetics as well as mechanical behavior at small and large deformations was investigated by rheometry. CTL-boric acid gels behaved essentially as transient networks, hence continuously assembling and dissociating in a highly dynamic fashion. The present gelling mechanism preserves the strain-hardening behavior in the nonlinear region of stress-strain response, corroborating the already suggested potential applications of such gels as mimics of biological soft tissues.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Boric Acids; Chitosan; Gels; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactose
PubMed: 31268693
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00636 -
RSC Advances Apr 2023This study shows for the first time that boric acid catalyses the hydrolysis of peroxyacids, resulting in an approximately 12-fold increase in hydrolysis rate for both...
This study shows for the first time that boric acid catalyses the hydrolysis of peroxyacids, resulting in an approximately 12-fold increase in hydrolysis rate for both peracetic acid (PAA) and 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) when 0.1 M boric acid is present. The maximum rate of hydrolysis occurs at pH 9 and pH 8.4 for PAA and MCPBA respectively. In contrast, carbonate buffer does not enhance the rate of PAA hydrolysis. The reaction was followed by measuring the initial rate of hydrogen peroxide formation using a specific Ti(iv) complexation method. The study of the hydrolysis reaction requires the presence of 2 × 10 M each of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) in all solutions in order to chelate metal ions across the full pH range (3 to 13) that would otherwise contribute to peroxyacid decomposition. Catalysis of peroxyacid hydrolysis is most likely effected by the triganol boric acid acting as a Lewis acid catalyst, associating with the peroxide leaving group in the transition state to reduce the leaving group basicity. The products of the reaction are the well characterised monoperoxoborate species and the parent carboxylic acid. Analysis of the pH and borate dependence data reveals that in addition to a catalytic pathway involving a single boric acid molecule, there is a significant pathway involving either (a) two boric acid molecules or (b) the polyborate species, BO(OH) . Knowledge about catalytic mechanisms for the loss of peroxyacids through hydrolysis is important because they are widely used in reagents in a range of oxidation, bleaching and disinfection applications.
PubMed: 37063744
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01046e -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022The crystalline zinc borate phase ZnBO(OH), known in commerce as 2ZnO·3BO·3.5HO, is an important industrial material used as a fire-retardant synergist in polymers, a...
The crystalline zinc borate phase ZnBO(OH), known in commerce as 2ZnO·3BO·3.5HO, is an important industrial material used as a fire-retardant synergist in polymers, a source of micronutrients in agriculture, and a preservative in building materials. It lends durability to wood composite building materials by inhibiting attack by wood destroying organisms. The hydrolysis chemistry of this zinc borate is relevant to its industrial use. ZnBO(OH) exhibits incongruent solubility, reversibly hydrolyzing at neutral pH to insoluble Zn(OH) and soluble B(OH). It is sparingly soluble with a room temperature solubility of 0.270 wt% in terms of its equivalent oxide components in solution, comprising 0.0267 wt% BO and 0.003 wt% ZnO. Aspects of the hydrolysis chemistry of zinc borate under neutral pH conditions are discussed.
Topics: Borates; Hydrolysis; Micronutrients; Polymers; Zinc; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 36144495
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185768 -
Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju Apr 2022The ascomycete fungus causes early blight, one of economically the most important tomato diseases. Due to frequent use of fungicides, has developed resistance with...
The ascomycete fungus causes early blight, one of economically the most important tomato diseases. Due to frequent use of fungicides, has developed resistance with negative economic and environmental consequences. Research of new ways to control fungal pathogens has turned its eye to environmentally friendly chemicals with low toxicity such as boronic acids. The aim of our study was therefore to test the antifungal effects of phenylboronic and boric acid on . . We isolated the pathogen from a symptomatic tomato plant and determined the minimum inhibitory concentration of phenylboronic and boric acid on mycelial growth using the poisoned food technique. The antifungal effect was tested on a wide range of phenylboronic and boric acid concentrations (from 0.04 % to 0.3 %) applied separately to agar with mycelial disc of the pathogen. After five days of incubation, phenylboronic acid at low concentration (0.05 %) completely inhibited mycelial growth. Boric acid, in turn, did not significantly slow down mycelial growth but did reduce sporulation and confirmed its fungistatic effect. Our findings point to the potential use of phenylboronic acid to control phytopathogenic fungi. This is, to our knowledge, the first report on its antifungal effect on an agriculturally important pathogen . Moreover, since is also a human pathogen, these results may have clinical ramifications.
Topics: Alternaria; Antifungal Agents; Boric Acids; Humans; Solanum lycopersicum; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 35390244
DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3620 -
RSC Advances Mar 2023Tricyclazole, propiconazole, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam are commonly used pesticides in paddy fields. It is necessary and practical to remove pesticides from the...
Tricyclazole, propiconazole, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam are commonly used pesticides in paddy fields. It is necessary and practical to remove pesticides from the water environment because the low utilization rate of pesticides will produce residues in the water environment. It is known that there are few studies on the preparation of biochar adsorption pesticides by the walnut shell and few studies on the removal of tricyclazole and propiconazole. Based on this, this paper used the walnut shell as raw material and boric acid as an activator to prepare biochar by the one-step method. The boric acid modified walnut shell biochar (WAB4) with a specific surface area of 640.6 m g, exhibited the high adsorption capacity of all four pesticides (>70%) at pH 3-9. The adsorption capacities of tricyclazole, propiconazole, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam were 171.67, 112.27, 156.40, and 137.46 mg g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the adsorption isotherm curves conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption of pesticides by WAB4 was associated with hydrogen bonding, pore filling, hydrophobic effects, and π-π interactions. More significantly, WAB4 has excellent adsorption capacity compared to other adsorbents for real water samples. Finally, walnut shell biochar has no significant acute toxicity to . This work shows that walnut shell-based biochar has a good effect on the removal of pesticides at a wide range of pH and is economical and safe, providing a new idea for the removal of pesticides in water.
PubMed: 36936844
DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07684e -
Korean Journal of Family Medicine Jan 2018Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases worldwide, especially affecting children. The patients or the parents of... (Review)
Review
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases worldwide, especially affecting children. The patients or the parents of the affected children are often worried about the cost of medical visits, prescription medicines, or inconsistently effective medication. The complications of CSOM have been greatly reduced because of the development of antibiotics; however, the irrational use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of organisms resistant to the commonly used drugs. Owing to the increase in antibiotic resistance, the development of new treatments that will efficiently eradicate infectious microorganisms has become imperative. Boric acid solutions are effective in the treatment of CSOM because of their acidic effect. Various databases, such as the PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and SciELO, were searched for references related to the efficacy of boric acid in the treatment of mucosal CSOM, as well as its ototoxicity. The search revealed that boric acid is relatively effective in treating CSOM, especially at a high concentration. Boric acid in distilled water was found safe in animal studies. However, the ototoxicity of boric acid concentrations higher than 4% needs further evaluation, considering the effectivity of boric acid at high concentrations.
PubMed: 29383205
DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2018.39.1.2 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020Boric acid, a weak acid, is often used to shield neutrons in water cooling systems in nuclear power stations. The leakage of boric acid in water cooling systems damages...
Boric acid, a weak acid, is often used to shield neutrons in water cooling systems in nuclear power stations. The leakage of boric acid in water cooling systems damages the concrete structure and affects the safety of nuclear power engineering. In this experiment, concrete specimens were cured with boric acid at 20, 40, and 70 °C to study the effect of boric acid on the microstructure and properties of concrete. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) were used to analyze the change in mineral composition. The microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The porosity of the concrete was examined by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The results show that the performance of specimens was stable under the curing conditions of 20 and 40 °C. Under the curing environment of 70 °C, the performance of concrete cured with 0, 2000, and 7000 ppm concentrations was stable, but the compressive strength of the 180,000 ppm specimen was reduced by 27.8% and suffered the most serious loss of mass and surface corrosion, with the most harmful pores. The high concentration of boric acid seriously damaged the surface structure of concrete, which is the main reason for its loss of properties. This situation is extremely dangerous in nuclear power engineering, so the effect of boric acid leakage cannot be ignored.
PubMed: 33171682
DOI: 10.3390/ma13215036