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Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology :... Mar 2018
Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Electric Stimulation; Humans
PubMed: 29499014
DOI: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000432 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2019Electrophysiologic mapping remains an integral component of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgical procedures, particularly in movement disorder cases where functional... (Review)
Review
Electrophysiologic mapping remains an integral component of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgical procedures, particularly in movement disorder cases where functional maps are used to guide DBS lead placement in patients with Parkinson's disease, dystonia, or tremor. Overall, the goal of the surgical procedure is to implant the distal end of a chronic, multicontact depth electrode into a specific brain region for the purpose of delivering therapeutic electrical stimulation. Regions that are currently targeted for patients with movement disorders include the subthalamic nucleus, the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus, and the globus pallidus. Multiple imaging modalities are used initially to derive a stereotactic plan and guide the initial microelectrode trajectory. Changes in neuronal firing rate and pattern, both spontaneous and in response to somatosensory stimulation, are used to establish the location of the tip of the microelectrode(s), while acute stimulation can be used to estimate the proximity of neighboring brain regions. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of the microelectrode recording process as it is commonly applied to refine image-based targeting of lead placement for DBS surgery.
Topics: Brain Mapping; Deep Brain Stimulation; Globus Pallidus; Humans; Microelectrodes; Movement Disorders; Subthalamic Nucleus
PubMed: 31277859
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64032-1.00022-9 -
Neuron Dec 2015Brodmann has pioneered structural brain mapping. He considered functional and pathological criteria for defining cortical areas in addition to cytoarchitecture. Starting... (Review)
Review
Brodmann has pioneered structural brain mapping. He considered functional and pathological criteria for defining cortical areas in addition to cytoarchitecture. Starting from this idea of structural-functional relationships at the level of cortical areas, we will argue that the cortical architecture is more heterogeneous than Brodmann's map suggests. A triple-scale concept is proposed that includes repetitive modular-like structures and micro- and meso-maps. Criteria for defining a cortical area will be discussed, considering novel preparations, imaging and optical methods, 2D and 3D quantitative architectonics, as well as high-performance computing including analyses of big data. These new approaches contribute to an understanding of the brain on multiple levels and challenge the traditional, mosaic-like segregation of the cerebral cortex.
Topics: Atlases as Topic; Brain; Brain Mapping; Humans; Nerve Net
PubMed: 26687219
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.001 -
Neurosurgery Apr 2007Functional brain mapping may be useful for both preoperative planning and intraoperative neurosurgical decision making. "Gold standard" functional studies such as direct... (Review)
Review
Functional brain mapping may be useful for both preoperative planning and intraoperative neurosurgical decision making. "Gold standard" functional studies such as direct electrical stimulation and recording are complemented by newer, less invasive techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging. Less invasive techniques allow more areas of the brain to be mapped in more subjects (including healthy subjects) more often (including pre- and postoperatively). Expansion of the armamentarium of tools allows convergent evidence from multiple brain mapping techniques to bear on pre- and intraoperative decision making. Functional imaging techniques are used to map motor, sensory, language, and memory areas in neurosurgical patients with conditions as diverse as brain tumors, vascular lesions, and epilepsy. In the future, coregistration of high resolution anatomic and physiological data from multiple complementary sources will be used to plan more neurosurgical procedures, including minimally invasive procedures. Along the way, new insights on fundamental processes such as the biology of tumors and brain plasticity are likely to be revealed.
Topics: Brain Diseases; Brain Mapping; Electric Stimulation; Electroencephalography; Functional Laterality; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neuronavigation; Neurosurgical Procedures; Positron-Emission Tomography; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
PubMed: 17415154
DOI: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000255386.95464.52 -
Progress in Brain Research 2018Medieval medicine from the late eleventh century onward generally accepted the tripartite model of the brain. This study shifts our attention from the theoretical... (Review)
Review
Medieval medicine from the late eleventh century onward generally accepted the tripartite model of the brain. This study shifts our attention from the theoretical discussions of the mind and brain as ideal abstractions to more practical discussions of the perceived dysfunctions associated with a variety of brain diseases. When dealing with practical nosological concerns, medical writers began to recognize the deficiencies and overly reductive aspects of the model. Disease categories such as melancholia or stupor raised issues about how and where to locate these conditions in the brain by questioning which cognitive functions were damaged. One text in particular, Arnald of Villanova's De parte operativa, written ca. 1300, provides a case study that reviewed and critiqued earlier understandings of the relation between the pathological and normal brains.
Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Cognition; History, Medieval; Humans; Manuscripts, Medical as Topic; Models, Anatomic; Theory of Mind
PubMed: 30514525
DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.10.008 -
International Journal of... Jan 1991Brain mapping has opened important perspectives for the neurophysiological evaluation of patients, for the discrimination of drug effects on the brain and for the study... (Review)
Review
Brain mapping has opened important perspectives for the neurophysiological evaluation of patients, for the discrimination of drug effects on the brain and for the study of the relationship between the brain and behavior. Our Dynamic Brain Mapping System is the result of many years of EEG quantification. It was designed as a software-oriented system to favor the largest clinical application and simultaneously stimulate new research objectives. Data collection and analysis procedures are critically important in brain mapping for a good understanding of the results. For clinical use, the maps should answer relevant EEG questions and be interpretable with the consolidated knowledge. Therefore, we have developed a new type of brain mapping technology which is called "Field blending interpolation" mapping offered together with the conventional technology with user-selectable interpolation algorithms. In addition to diagnosis, the use of computer-analyzed EEG and brain mapping can be instrumental in drug monitoring, drug selection and drug discriminations. Prospective studies are, however, required to validate the use of brain mapping in each of these new areas. Spatial analysis is the original goal of brain mapping. The development of a new data collection procedure and analysis will be instrumental in the determination of an adequate time and space resolution.
Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Electroencephalography; Humans
PubMed: 2010323
DOI: 10.1016/0167-8760(91)90039-z -
Current Biology : CB Sep 2003Optical imaging of intrinsic signals is widely used for high-resolution brain mapping in various animal species. A new approach using continuous data acquisition and... (Review)
Review
Optical imaging of intrinsic signals is widely used for high-resolution brain mapping in various animal species. A new approach using continuous data acquisition and Fourier decomposition of the signal allows for much faster mapping, opening up the possibility of applying this method to new experimental questions.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Diagnostic Imaging; Fourier Analysis; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Light
PubMed: 14521859
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2003.09.022 -
Current Biology : CB Jan 1998Electromagnetic induction of focal currents in the brain - 'transcranial magnetic stimulation' - can be used to study cortical development and plasticity, as well as the... (Review)
Review
Electromagnetic induction of focal currents in the brain - 'transcranial magnetic stimulation' - can be used to study cortical development and plasticity, as well as the organization of sensory and cognitive functions. It may also prove to be useful tool in the treatment of depression.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Cognition; Humans; Magnetoencephalography
PubMed: 9427619
DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(98)70098-3 -
Annual Review of Neuroscience 2012Here, we update our 1990 Annual Review of Neuroscience article, "The Attention System of the Human Brain." The framework presented in the original article has helped to... (Review)
Review
Here, we update our 1990 Annual Review of Neuroscience article, "The Attention System of the Human Brain." The framework presented in the original article has helped to integrate behavioral, systems, cellular, and molecular approaches to common problems in attention research. Our framework has been both elaborated and expanded in subsequent years. Research on orienting and executive functions has supported the addition of new networks of brain regions. Developmental studies have shown important changes in control systems between infancy and childhood. In some cases, evidence has supported the role of specific genetic variations, often in conjunction with experience, that account for some of the individual differences in the efficiency of attentional networks. The findings have led to increased understanding of aspects of pathology and to some new interventions.
Topics: Animals; Attention; Brain; Brain Mapping; Executive Function; Humans; Models, Neurological; Neural Pathways; Orientation; Social Control, Informal
PubMed: 22524787
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150525 -
NeuroImage Oct 2018
Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Humans; Nerve Net
PubMed: 30075278
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.018