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Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Feb 2021
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Brevibacterium; Humans
PubMed: 33844798
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182021000100099 -
Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi. Japanese... 2017Enterococci belong to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of a wide variety of animals from insects and to human, and the... (Review)
Review
Enterococci belong to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of a wide variety of animals from insects and to human, and the commensal organism in humans and animals. The commensal/probiotic role of enterococci has evolved through thousands of years in mutual coexistence. Enterococcus have many favorable traits that have been appreciated in food fermentation and preservation, and many serve as probiotics to promote health. While lactobacillus have been shown to confer numerous benefits on and often regarded as health bringing organisms, enterococci have become more recognized as emerging human pathogens in recent years. Mac Callum and Hastings characterized an organism, now known to be Enterococcal faecalis, which was isolated from a lethal case of endocarditis on 1899. The report was the first detailed description of its pathogenic capabilities. Over the past few decades, multi-drug resistance enterococci have become as important health-care associated pathogen, and leading causes of drug resistance infection. The modern life style including the broad use of antibiotics in medical practice and animal husbandry have selected for the convergence of potential virulence factors to the specific enterococcus species such as E. faecium and E. faecalis. The development of modern medical care of intensive and invasive medical therapies and treatments for human disease, and existence of severe compromised patients in hospitals has contributed to the increased prevalence of these opportunistic organisms. The virulence factors converged in E. faecalis and E. faecium which have been isolated in nosocomial infections, include antibiotic resistance, extracellular proteins (toxins), extrachromosome and mobile genetic elements, cell wall components, biofilm formation, adherence factors, and colonization factor such as bacteriocin, etc. In these potential virulence factors, I presented characteristics of enterococcal conjugative plasmid, cytolysin, collagen binding protein of adhesion, bacteriocins, and drug resistances. I made reference to our original reports, and review books for this review. The review books are "Enterococci: from Commensals to Leading Causes of Drug Resistant Infection, NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health. Ed. by Michael S Gilmore, Don B Clewell, Yasuyoshi Ike, and Nathan Shankar", and "The Enterococci: Pathogenesis, Molecular Biology, and Antibiotic Resistance, Gilmore M., Clewell D., Courvadin P., Dunny G., Murray B., Rice L., (ed) 2002. ASM Press".
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Toxins; Bacteriocins; Biofilms; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Endocarditis; Enterococcus; Humans; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 28659548
DOI: 10.3412/jsb.72.189 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Dec 2020Cellular response against different heavy metal stress differs with the metal. Arsenic and chromium are heavy metals and toxic to living systems. The concentration of...
Cellular response against different heavy metal stress differs with the metal. Arsenic and chromium are heavy metals and toxic to living systems. The concentration of these metals in seawater is very low. However, due to their solubility in nature, they actively enter cells via various transport mechanisms and cause damage to the cells. Brevibacterium casei #NIOSBA88, a marine-derived, gram-positive isolate was multi-metal tolerant. Proteomic analysis of this isolate in response to arsenic and chromium resulted in the identification of total 2549 proteins, out of which 880 proteins were found to be commonly expressed at 750 mgL arsenic and 100 mgL chromium and in absence of both the metals. In contrast, 533, 212, and 270 proteins were found to be unique in the absence of any metal, 750 mgL of arsenic and 100 mgL of chromium respectively. Proteins such as antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase, ArsR family transcriptional regulator, cytochrome C oxidase subunit II, and thioredoxin reductase were exclusively expressed only in response to arsenic and chromium. Other proteins like superoxide dismutase, lipid hydroperoxide reductase, and thioredoxin-disulfide reductase were found to be upregulated in response to both the metals. Most of the proteins involved in the normal cell functioning were found to be downregulated. Major metabolic functions affected include amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, translation, and energy metabolism. Peptide mass fingerprinting of Brevibacterium casei #NIOSBA88 exposed to arsenic and chromium respectively revealed the deleterious effect of these metals on the bacterium and its strategy to overcome the stress.
Topics: Arsenic; Bacterial Proteins; Brevibacterium; Chromium; Proteomics
PubMed: 32729030
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00353-7 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jun 2020Despite its low virulence potential and a commensal lifestyle as a member of the human skin microbiota, Brevibacterium casei has been increasingly reported as an...
Despite its low virulence potential and a commensal lifestyle as a member of the human skin microbiota, Brevibacterium casei has been increasingly reported as an opportunistic pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the S51 strain isolated from a bloodstream infection. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the draft genome sequence of the B. casei strain isolated from the clinical infection. The strain was identified using phenotypic and molecular methods and subsequently sequenced using the next-generation sequencing. The draft whole genome was assembled de novo, automatically annotated by Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology (RAST) server and scrutinized to predict the presence of virulence, resistance, and stress response proteins. The genome size of the S51 strain was 3,743,532 bp and an average G+C content was 68.3%. The predicted genes included 48 genes involved in resistance to antibiotics (including vancomycin, fluoroquinolones, and beta-lactams) and toxic compounds (heavy metals), 16 genes involved in invasion and intracellular resistance (Mycobacterium virulence operons), and 94 genes involved in stress response (osmotic, oxidative stress, cold and heat shock). ResFinder has indicated the presence of a beta-lactamase, and a phenotypic analysis showed resistance to penicillin. This whole-genome NGS project for the S51strain has been deposited at EMBL/GenBank under the accession no. QNGF00000000.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Base Composition; Brevibacterium; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Virulence; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 32067212
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00236-x -
Journal of Community Hospital Internal... 2022is an extremely rare organism that can lead to peritonitis in End-stage renal disease patients of peritoneal dialysis. Out of only five overall species peritonitis...
is an extremely rare organism that can lead to peritonitis in End-stage renal disease patients of peritoneal dialysis. Out of only five overall species peritonitis reported worldwide, only two of them had subspecies peritonitis detected, with both needing peritoneal dialysis catheter removal and change in dialysis modality to hemodialysis. Our patient, an elderly 63-year-old Hispanic male, was on peritoneal dialysis at home and presented with features suggestive of peritonitis. He was diagnosed subsequently with and started on broad spectrum intraperitoneal antibiotics. However, he did not need dialysis modality change and recovered fully after 3 weeks of appropriate intraperitoneal antibiotics therapy. Longer antibiotics therapy and frequent clinical follow-up plus better clinician awareness are needed to prevent this rare infection.
PubMed: 35711868
DOI: 10.55729/2000-9666.1012 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... May 2023Biosurfactants having surface-active biomolecules have been the cynosure in environment research due to their vast application. However, the lack of information about...
Biosurfactants having surface-active biomolecules have been the cynosure in environment research due to their vast application. However, the lack of information about their low-cost production and detailed mechanistic biocompatibility limits the applicability. The study explores techniques for the production and design of low-cost, biodegradable, and non-toxic biosurfactants from Brevibacterium casei strain LS14 and excavates the mechanistic details of their biomedical properties like antibacterial effects and biocompatibility. Taguchi's design of experiment was used to optimize for enhancing biosurfactant production by optimal factor combinations like Waste glycerol (1%v/v), peptone (1%w/v), NaCl 0.4% (w/v), and pH 6. Under optimal conditions, the purified biosurfactant reduced the surface tension to 35 mN/m from 72.8 mN/m (MSM) and a critical micelle concentration of 25 mg/ml was achieved. Spectroscopic analyses of the purified biosurfactant using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance suggested it as a lipopeptide biosurfactant. The evaluation of mechanistic antibacterial, antiradical, antiproliferative, and cellular effects indicated the efficient antibacterial activity (against Pseudomonas aeruginosa) of biosurfactants due to free radical scavenging activity and oxidative stress. Moreover, the cellular cytotoxicity was estimated by MTT and other cellular assays revealing the phenomenon as the dose-dependent induction of apoptosis due to free radical scavenging with an LC50 of 55.6 ± 2.3 mg/ml.
Topics: Antioxidants; Lipopeptides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Free Radicals; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 36906974
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114493 -
3 Biotech Jul 2021This study reports the whole-genome sequencing and sequence analysis of a bacterial isolate strain LS14, isolated from Loktak Lake, Imphal, India. The de novo...
UNLABELLED
This study reports the whole-genome sequencing and sequence analysis of a bacterial isolate strain LS14, isolated from Loktak Lake, Imphal, India. The de novo assembled genome reported in this paper featured a size of 3,809,532 bp, has GC content of 68% and contains 3602 genomic features, including 3551 protein-coding genes, 46 tRNA and 5rRNA. A biosurfactant biosynthesis gene cluster in the genome of the isolated strain was identified using AntiSMASH online tool V3.0.5 and KAAS (KEGG Automatic Annotation Server). The presence of biosurfactant was demonstrated by drop collapse, oil displacement and emulsification index. Subsequent chemical characterization using FTIR and LC-MS analyses revealed surfactin and terpene containing biosurfactant moieties. Also, the presence of genes involved in terpenoid synthesis pathway in the genome sequence may account for biosurfactant terpenoid backbone, but genes for later-stage conversion of terpenoid to biosurfactant were not ascertained.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02867-9.
PubMed: 34194910
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02867-9 -
Case Reports in Pediatrics 2021The most common organisms isolated from pediatric catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are Gram-positive cocci, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci and...
The most common organisms isolated from pediatric catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are Gram-positive cocci, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci and . There are few formal reports of infection and even fewer reports of CRBSI due to this Gram-positive rod. Here we report the first case of CRBSI due to in an 8-year-old girl with acute myeloid leukemia in Japan. The isolate exhibited decreased susceptibility to -lactam antibiotics. Antimicrobial therapy with meropenem and vancomycin, in addition to the removal of central venous catheter line, consequently led to a significant clinical improvement of the patient's symptoms. A literature review found available clinical courses in 16 cases (4 pediatric cases including our case) of infection. Our case and those in literature suggested that infection often occurs in patients with indwelling central venous catheters; the literature review further suggested that removal of central venous catheters is required in most cases. Special attention should be paid to the detection of opportunistic infections due to spp. in immunocompromized children who are using a central venous catheter.
PubMed: 33898073
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6691569 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2016Environmental pollution by heavy metals has become a serious problem in the world. Phytoextraction, which is one of the plant-based technologies, has attracted the most...
Environmental pollution by heavy metals has become a serious problem in the world. Phytoextraction, which is one of the plant-based technologies, has attracted the most attention for the bioremediation of soils polluted with these contaminants. The aim of this study was to determine whether the multiple-tolerant bacterium, Brevibacterium casei MH8a isolated from the heavy metal-contaminated rhizosphere soil of Sinapis alba L., is able to promote plant growth and enhance Cd, Zn, and Cu uptake by white mustard under laboratory conditions. Additionally, the ability of the rifampicin-resistant spontaneous mutant of MH8a to colonize plant tissues and its mechanisms of plant growth promotion were also examined. In order to assess the ecological consequences of bioaugmentation on autochthonous bacteria, the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was used. The MH8a strain exhibited the ability to produce ammonia, 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, indole 3-acetic acid and HCN but was not able to solubilize inorganic phosphate and produce siderophores. Introduction of MH8a into soil significantly increased S. alba biomass and the accumulation of Cd (208%), Zn (86%), and Cu (39%) in plant shoots in comparison with those grown in non-inoculated soil. Introduced into the soil, MH8a was able to enter the plant and was found in the roots and leaves of inoculated plants thus indicating its endophytic features. PLFA analysis revealed that the MH8a that was introduced into soil had a temporary influence on the structure of the autochthonous bacterial communities. The plant growth-promoting features of the MH8a strain and its ability to enhance the metal uptake by white mustard and its long-term survival in soil as well as its temporary impact on autochthonous microorganisms make the strain a suitable candidate for the promotion of plant growth and the efficiency of phytoextraction.
PubMed: 26909087
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00101 -
The Brazilian Journal of Infectious... 2015Brevibacterium spp. are catalase-positive, non-spore-forming, non motile, aerobic Gram-positive rods that were considered apathogenic until a few reports of infections... (Review)
Review
Brevibacterium spp. are catalase-positive, non-spore-forming, non motile, aerobic Gram-positive rods that were considered apathogenic until a few reports of infections in immunocompromised patients had been published. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. casei catheter-related bloodstream infection in a child with acute leukemia. We aim to enhance the awareness of pediatric hematology and infectious disease specialists about this pathogen and review of the literature.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Brevibacterium; Catheter-Related Infections; Child; Humans; Male; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
PubMed: 25636191
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2014.09.011