-
Veterinary Research Jul 2015Brucella abortus vaccines play a central role in bovine brucellosis control/eradication programs and have been successfully used worldwide for decades. Strain 19 and... (Review)
Review
Brucella abortus vaccines play a central role in bovine brucellosis control/eradication programs and have been successfully used worldwide for decades. Strain 19 and RB51 are the approved B. abortus vaccines strains most commonly used to protect cattle against infection and abortion. However, due to some drawbacks shown by these vaccines much effort has been undertaken for the development of new vaccines, safer and more effective, that could also be used in other susceptible species of animals. In this paper, we present a review of the main aspects of the vaccines that have been used in the brucellosis control over the years and the current research advances in the development of new B. abortus vaccines.
Topics: Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Brucella Vaccine; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis, Bovine; Cattle; Female; Pregnancy
PubMed: 26155935
DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0199-7 -
Vaccine Jul 2015Brucella abortus live vaccines have been used successfully to control bovine brucellosis worldwide for decades. However, due to some limitations of these live vaccines,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Brucella abortus live vaccines have been used successfully to control bovine brucellosis worldwide for decades. However, due to some limitations of these live vaccines, efforts are being made for the development of new safer and more effective vaccines that could also be used in other susceptible species. In this context, understanding the protective immune responses triggered by B. abortus is critical for the development of new vaccines. Such understandings will enhance our knowledge of the host/pathogen interactions and enable to develop methods to evaluate potential vaccines and innovative treatments for animals or humans. At present, almost all the knowledge regarding B. abortus specific immunological responses comes from studies in mice. Active participation of macrophages, dendritic cells, IFN-γ producing CD4(+) T-cells and cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cells are vital to overcome the infection. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of the immune responses triggered by vaccination versus infection by B. abortus, in different hosts.
Topics: Animals; Brucella Vaccine; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis, Bovine; Cattle; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Humoral; Mice
PubMed: 26048781
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.057 -
PloS One 2021Bovine brucellosis induces abortion in cows, produces important economic losses, and causes a widely distributed zoonosis. Its eradication was achieved in several...
Bovine brucellosis induces abortion in cows, produces important economic losses, and causes a widely distributed zoonosis. Its eradication was achieved in several countries after sustained vaccination with the live attenuated Brucella abortus S19 vaccine, in combination with the slaughtering of serologically positive animals. S19 induces antibodies against the smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS), making difficult the differentiation of infected from vaccinated bovines. We developed an S19 strain constitutively expressing the green fluorescent protein (S19-GFP) coded in chromosome II. The S19-GFP displays similar biological characteristics and immunogenic and protective efficacies in mice to the parental S19 strain. S19-GFP can be distinguished from S19 and B. abortus field strains by fluorescence and multiplex PCR. Twenty-five heifers were vaccinated withS19-GFP (5×109 CFU) by the subcutaneous or conjunctival routes and some boosted with GFP seven weeks thereafter. Immunized animals were followed up for over three years and tested for anti-S-LPS antibodies by both the Rose Bengal test and a competitive ELISA. Anti-GFP antibodies were detected by an indirect ELISA and Western blotting. In most cases, anti-S-LPS antibodies preceded for several weeks those against GFP. The anti-GFP antibody response was higher in the GFP boosted than in the non-boosted animals. In all cases, the anti-GFP antibodies persisted longer, or at least as long, as those against S-LPS. The drawbacks and potential advantages of using the S19-GFP vaccine for identifying vaccinated animals in infected environments are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Brucella Vaccine; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis, Bovine; Cattle; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Fluorescence; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Mice; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Vaccination
PubMed: 34807952
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260288 -
Veterinary Immunology and... Jul 2012The innate immune system constitutes an efficient defense mechanism against invading microbial pathogens. Recent studies have revealed the intracellular signaling... (Review)
Review
The innate immune system constitutes an efficient defense mechanism against invading microbial pathogens. Recent studies have revealed the intracellular signaling cascades involved in the TLR-initiated immune response to Brucella spp. infection. However, there is a piece of the puzzle missing that is the role of non-TLR receptors in innate immunity. The involvement of TLR receptors in brucellosis has been investigated by different research groups. It was demonstrated that TLR2 clearly does not play any role in controlling Brucella abortus infection in vivo, whereas TLR9 has been shown to be required for clearance of this bacterium in infected mice. The participation of adaptor molecules, such as MyD88 and TRIF has also been discussed. Recently, we and others have reported the critical role of MyD88- and not TRIF-mediated signaling in dendritic cell maturation and in vivo resistance during B. abortus infection. However, the relationship between specific Brucella molecules and non-TLR receptors and signal transduction pathways needs to be better understood. It is now clear that the interaction between TLRs and recently identified cytosolic innate immune sensors is crucial for mounting effective immune responses. Finally, this review discusses the mechanisms used by Brucella to escape detection by the host innate immune system.
Topics: Animals; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis, Bovine; Cattle; Immunity, Innate; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptors
PubMed: 21700343
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.05.036 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2019The objective of this study was to identify twelve Brucella abortus isolates of bovine origin from the department of Nariño in Colombia up to the biovar level. These...
The objective of this study was to identify twelve Brucella abortus isolates of bovine origin from the department of Nariño in Colombia up to the biovar level. These isolates are included in the collection of the Germplasm Bank of Microorganisms of Animal Health Interest - Bacteria and Virus (BGSA-BV). The identification was carried out through conventional methods such as macro and microscopic morphological descriptions, enzymatic activity, biochemical profile, substrate use and sensitivity to dyes. Complementary genotypic characterization was carried out using multiplex PCR for B. abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis-Erytritol (AMOS-ERY-PCR), RFLP-IS711, by southern blot hybridization, as well as by the multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) using the ery gene and the insertion sequence IS711 and variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) as molecular markers. The results of the phenotypic and molecular characterization allowed to identify twelve isolates as B. abortus biovar 4 as well as to differentiate field from vaccine strains. This is the first study on the phenotypic and molecular identification of B. abortus isolates in Colombia. It was concluded that the phenotypic and molecular identification of twelve isolates as B. abortus biovar 4 could be achieved using conventional and molecular techniques with enough resolution power. The identification of these isolates to the biovar level in taxonomic and epidemiological terms will allow the use of this genetic resource as reference strains in future research. This finding constitutes the basis for identifying biotypes not previously reported in the country that might be useful to support brucellosis survey programs in Colombia.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriological Techniques; Biological Specimen Banks; Biomarkers; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis, Bovine; Cattle; Colombia; DNA, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Minisatellite Repeats; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Phenotype
PubMed: 30551811
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2018.08.002 -
Animal Health Research Reviews Jun 2011During the first half of the twentieth century, widespread regulatory efforts to control cattle brucellosis due to Brucella abortus in the Union of Soviet Socialist... (Review)
Review
During the first half of the twentieth century, widespread regulatory efforts to control cattle brucellosis due to Brucella abortus in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were essentially non-existent, and control was limited to selective test and slaughter of serologic agglutination reactors. By the 1950s, 2-3 million cattle were being vaccinated annually with the strain 19 vaccine, but because this vaccine induced strong, long-term titers on agglutination tests that interfered with identification of cattle infected with field strains of B. abortus, its use in cattle was discontinued in 1970. Soviet scientists then began a comprehensive program of research to identify vaccines with high immunogenicity, weak responses on agglutination tests and low pathogenicity in humans, as a foundation for widespread control of cattle brucellosis. While several new vaccines that induced weak or no responses on serologic agglutination tests were identified by experiments in guinea pigs and cattle, a large body of experimental and field studies suggested that the smooth-rough strain SR82 vaccine combined the desired weak agglutination test responses with comparatively higher efficacy against brucellosis. In 1974, prior to widespread use of strain SR82 vaccine, over 5300 cattle farms across the Russian Federation were known to be infected with B. abortus. By January 2008, only 68 cattle farms in 18 regions were known to be infected with B. abortus, and strain SR82 continues to be the most widely and successfully used vaccine in many regions of the Russian Federation.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Vaccines; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis, Bovine; Cattle; Russia
PubMed: 21676343
DOI: 10.1017/S1466252311000028 -
The Veterinary Quarterly Jul 1998This review covers some epidemiological aspects that allow Brucella to survive, spread, and maintain itself in the environment. Because the success of maintaining... (Review)
Review
This review covers some epidemiological aspects that allow Brucella to survive, spread, and maintain itself in the environment. Because the success of maintaining Brucella-free herds is determined by the efficiency of the serological tests to detect a single infected animal the limitations of the traditional serological tests are emphasized. Serological tests cannot differentiate between cattle infected with Brucella and cattle infected with microorganisms that serologically cross-react with B. abortus antigen. These cattle and cattle with 'natural' antibodies jeopardize the Brucella-free status of a herd. Likewise, infected cattle with serologically inconclusive test results or which elude detection are also a hazard to Brucella-free herds. Since cattle that elude detection with serological tests and the presence of non-specific serum antibodies in healthy cattle have long been recognized as problems, it is opportune to reconsider the procedures currently used to diagnose brucellosis in individual animals. Use of the skin delayed-type hypersensitivity test in addition to serological tests will significantly improve the diagnosis of brucellosis. This will limit the financial loss incurred by outbreaks of brucellosis.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; Antibodies, Bacterial; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis, Bovine; Cattle; Cross Reactions; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Serologic Tests
PubMed: 9684294
DOI: 10.1080/01652176.1998.9694845 -
Expert Review of Vaccines Oct 2016
Topics: Animals; Brucella Vaccine; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis, Bovine; Cattle; Drug Compounding; Genetic Vectors; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Vaccination; Vaccines, DNA; Veterinary Drugs
PubMed: 27356589
DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1208089 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Nov 2019Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria Brucella spp. belonging to the genus Brucella. It is endemic in domesticated animals in Bangladesh. Isolation,...
BACKGROUND
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria Brucella spp. belonging to the genus Brucella. It is endemic in domesticated animals in Bangladesh. Isolation, identification and genetic characterization of Brucella spp. in dairy cattle are essential to undertake appropriate control and preventive measures. The study was conducted to isolate and characterize the Brucella spp. circulating in dairy cattle.
METHODS
Uterine discharge (n = 45), milk (n = 115), vaginal swab (n = 71), placenta (n = 7) and aborted fetus (n = 2) were collected. Brucella selective agar plates were inoculated with samples and incubated at 37 C for 14 days under 5% CO for isolation of Brucella spp. Brucella suspected colonies were recovered from samples were confirmed by genus and species specific PCR assays. Genetic characterization was performed by Multi Locus Variable number tandem-repeat Analysis-16 (MLVA-16).
RESULTS
The isolates of Brucella recovered from samples were confirmed as B. abortus by AMOS-ERY PCR assay. The classical biotyping method confirmed all 10 B. abortus isolates belonged to the biovar 3. The MLVA-16 assay indicated all B. abortus isolates identical and the same genotype 40, based on panel 1 MLVA-8.
CONCLUSION
Dendrogram analysis revealed all B. abortus isolates of the study were identical to three isolates from Brazil, one isolate of France and closely related to Chinese isolates. This is the first report of isolation and genetic characterization of B. abortus from the dairy cattle in Bangladesh.
Topics: Animals; Bangladesh; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis, Bovine; Cattle; Female; Serogroup
PubMed: 31452358
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.193 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Apr 2020Brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus, is a major disease of cattle and humans worldwide distributed. Eradication and control of the disease has been difficult in...
Brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus, is a major disease of cattle and humans worldwide distributed. Eradication and control of the disease has been difficult in Central and South America, Central Asia, the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Epidemiological strategies combined with phylogenetic methods provide the high-resolution power needed to study relationships between surveillance data and pathogen population dynamics, using genetic diversity and spatiotemporal distributions. This information is crucial for prevention and control of disease spreading at a local and worldwide level. In Costa Rica (CR), the disease was first reported at the beginning of the 20th century and has not been controlled despite many efforts. We characterized 188 B. abortus isolates from CR recovered from cattle, humans and water buffalo, from 2003 to 2018, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed in 95 of them. They were also assessed based on geographic origin, date of introduction, and phylogenetic associations in a worldwide and national context. Our results show circulation of five B. abortus lineages (I to V) in CR, phylogenetically related to isolates from the United States, United Kingdom, and South America. Lineage I was dominant and probably introduced at the end of the 19th century. Lineage II, represented by a single isolate from a water buffalo, clustered with a Colombian sample, and was likely introduced after 1845. Lineages III and IV were likely introduced during the early 2000s. Fourteen isolates from humans were found within the same lineage (lineage I) regardless of their geographic origin within the country. The main CR lineages, introduced more than 100 years ago, are widely spread throughout the country, in contrast to new introductions that seemed to be more geographically restricted. Following the brucellosis prevalence and the farming practices of several middle- and low-income countries, similar scenarios could be found in other regions worldwide.
Topics: Animals; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis; Brucellosis, Bovine; Buffaloes; Cattle; Costa Rica; Genotype; Humans; Molecular Epidemiology; Phylogeny; Population Dynamics; Prevalence; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 32287327
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008235