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The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Dec 2007Human brucellosis still presents scientists and clinicians with several challenges, such as the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms of Brucella spp, the... (Review)
Review
Human brucellosis still presents scientists and clinicians with several challenges, such as the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms of Brucella spp, the identification of markers for disease severity, progression, and treatment response, and the development of improved treatment regimens. Molecular studies have shed new light on the pathogenesis of Brucella spp, and new technologies have permitted the development of diagnostic tools that will be useful in developing countries, where brucellosis is still a very common but often neglected disease. However, further studies are needed to establish optimum treatment regimens and local and international control programmes. This Review summarises current knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms, new diagnostic advances, therapeutic options, and the situation of developing countries in regard to human brucellosis.
Topics: Animals; Brucella; Brucellosis; Developing Countries; Disease Reservoirs; Humans; Zoonoses
PubMed: 18045560
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70286-4 -
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Jan 2021Brucellosis is a common Zoonosis affecting half a million people annually. The most common mode of infection is by consuming unpasteurized milk or milk products. The...
Brucellosis is a common Zoonosis affecting half a million people annually. The most common mode of infection is by consuming unpasteurized milk or milk products. The general manifestations are those of fever with generalized symptoms. The nervous system is affected in 4-7% of cases. The manifestations are protean and include meningo-encephalitis as well as peripheral nervous system involvement. The diagnosis relies on culture, which is cumbersome and can be falsely negative. Agglutination tests for the various species of the organism are the mainstay for diagnosis. Treatment is for 3-6 months with combination therapy including Doxycycline, Rifampicin and ceftriaxone. The main issue is prevention and better animal husbandry.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Animals; Brucellosis; Doxycycline; Fever; Rifampin
PubMed: 33358192
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117280 -
Journal of Special Operations Medicine... 2021Human brucellosis can be caused by different Brucella spp. When conducting operations in a country with high rates of brucellosis, extra precautions should be taken....
Human brucellosis can be caused by different Brucella spp. When conducting operations in a country with high rates of brucellosis, extra precautions should be taken. Appropriate personal protective measures should be used in situations when close contact with animal carcasses cannot be avoided. Clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Brucella; Brucellosis; Cadaver; Humans
PubMed: 34105131
DOI: 10.55460/QMQR-TI7J -
BioMed Research International 2018. Brucellosis has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and it may last several days or even several years; however, it is often misdiagnosed and therefore may... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
. Brucellosis has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and it may last several days or even several years; however, it is often misdiagnosed and therefore may cause inadequate therapy and prolonged illness. Previous studies about meta-analysis of manifestations of brucellosis reported in English lacked the data published in Chinese, which did not provide details about the contact history, laboratory tests, and misdiagnosis. We undertake a meta-analysis of clinical manifestations of human brucellosis in China to identify those gaps in the literature. We have searched published articles in electronic databases up to December 2016 identified as relating to clinical features of human brucellosis in China. 68 studies were included in the analysis. The main clinical manifestations were fever, fatigue, arthralgia, and muscle pain (87%, 63%, 62%, and 56%, resp.). There are significant differences between adults and children. Rash, respiratory and cardiac complications, and orchitis/epididymitis were more prevalent in children patients. The common complications of brucellosis were hepatitis, followed by osteoarthritis, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system dysfunction, hemophagocytic syndrome, and orchitis/epididymitis in male. In the nonpastoral areas, brucellosis has a high ratio of misdiagnosis. Our analysis provides further evidence for the accurate diagnosis, particularly in assessing severe, debilitating sequelae of this infection.
Topics: Adult; Brucellosis; Child, Preschool; China; Diagnostic Errors; Geography; Humans; Incidence
PubMed: 29850535
DOI: 10.1155/2018/5712920 -
Neuroimaging Clinics of North America May 2015Spinal involvement in human brucellosis is a common condition and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in endemic areas, because it is often... (Review)
Review
Spinal involvement in human brucellosis is a common condition and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in endemic areas, because it is often associated with therapeutic failure. Most chronic brucellosis cases are the result of inadequate treatment of the initial episode. Recognition of spinal brucellosis is challenging. Early diagnosis is important to ensure proper treatment and decrease morbidity and mortality. Radiologic evaluation has gained importance in diagnosis and treatment planning, including interventional procedures and monitoring of all spinal infections.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Brucellosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Spinal Diseases; Spine
PubMed: 25952175
DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2015.01.004 -
Pediatrics in Review Apr 2018
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brucellosis; Humans
PubMed: 29610436
DOI: 10.1542/pir.2017-0126 -
Research in Veterinary Science Jun 2012Camels are highly susceptible to brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus. Difficulties can arise in diagnosis of camel brucellosis, especially as... (Review)
Review
Camels are highly susceptible to brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus. Difficulties can arise in diagnosis of camel brucellosis, especially as this disease provokes only few clinical signs in contrast to its clinical course in cattle. Because none of the commonly used serological test can be perceived as a perfect test for Brucella diagnosis in camel and most serological tests used for camels have been directly transposed from cattle without adequate validation, an incorrect diagnosis may occur when diagnosis is based on serology alone. Of imminent concern is the fact that brucellosis can be easily transmitted from animals or their products to humans mainly via milk. In many developing countries in the arid areas of Asia and Africa, camels are still the most important productive livestock for nomadic populations. Therefore, we reviewed the literatures on camel brucellosis to highlight the epidemiologic, economic and public health impact of camel brucellosis as a basis for designing effective control strategies.
Topics: Animals; Brucellosis; Camelus; Humans; Serologic Tests; Zoonoses
PubMed: 21632084
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.05.002 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Sep 2008
Review
Topics: Animals; Bioterrorism; Brucella; Brucellosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Prognosis; Public Health; Treatment Outcome; United States; Zoonoses
PubMed: 18795849
DOI: 10.2460/javma.233.6.900 -
Acta Medica Portuguesa Dec 1999Brucellosis is a zoonosis, reported for the first time in 1859 by Marston, in Malta. It has also been referred to as Mediterranean Fever, Malta Fever and Bang's disease.... (Review)
Review
Brucellosis is a zoonosis, reported for the first time in 1859 by Marston, in Malta. It has also been referred to as Mediterranean Fever, Malta Fever and Bang's disease. Its causative agent was isolated by David Bruce in 1886; this was Brucella melitensis: five different strains were later described: B. abortus, B. suis, B. ovis, B. neotomae and B. canis. Recently, in 1994, the isolation of Brucella was reported in marine mammals, eventually pathogenic to man and unofficially designated "B. maris". Human brucellosis is still a public health problem in countries where the infection has not been eradicated from the animal hosts. When manifested, human disease may assume different courses, widely known, but whose physiopathology is still not totally clear. Much is already known about the agent's molecular biology and in vitro behaviour, but, doubts persist about its in vivo activity, including in human infection. We review some aspects of brucellosis, focusing on the pathogenesis, and referring to new and potential diagnostic methods, therapy and prevention.
Topics: Brucellosis; Humans
PubMed: 10892434
DOI: No ID Found -
Revue Scientifique Et Technique... Aug 2002Brucellae infections have been documented world-wide over the years in a great variety of terrestrial wildlife species. Recently, brucellae infections have also been... (Review)
Review
Brucellae infections have been documented world-wide over the years in a great variety of terrestrial wildlife species. Recently, brucellae infections have also been reported in a wide variety of marine mammals. A very important consideration with regard to terrestrial brucellosis in wildlife is to distinguish between a spillover of infection from domestic animals and a sustainable infection in wild species. The probability of brucellosis becoming established and being sustainable in a species depends on a combination of factors including host susceptibility, infectious dose, contact with infected animals, management and environmental factors. In this context, the development of the game farming industry appears to have contributed to the re-emergence of brucellosis. The gold standard in brucellosis diagnosis remains the isolation of brucellae. If brucellosis is suspected in an animal or a wildlife population following positive serological results, attempts to isolate the organism should always be performed. The release of anti-brucellae vaccine strain in wildlife is of concern because this could lead to environmental contamination and infection of other wild species. Therefore, the appropriate dosage of the vaccine in target species as well as the safety of the vaccine in non-target species must be addressed in technical terms in order to assist decision-making regarding the management of wildlife brucellosis.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Brucellosis; Humans; Zoonoses
PubMed: 11974615
DOI: 10.20506/rst.21.2.1333