-
The International Journal of Eating... 2003First described over 50 years ago, binge eating disorder (BED) only recently has become the focus of epidemiologic studies. This article provides a comprehensive review... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
First described over 50 years ago, binge eating disorder (BED) only recently has become the focus of epidemiologic studies. This article provides a comprehensive review of these studies.
METHOD
Relevant studies were examined and summarized in the form of a narrative review.
RESULTS
Similar to the early studies of bulimia nervosa (BN), the first generation of epidemiologic studies of BED is limited in scope or methodology. They focus on prevalence rates and provide only basic demographic characteristics and often use less than optimal sampling or assessment methods.
DISCUSSION
Results suggest that the demographic profile of BED may be more diverse than that of BN. Future studies should evaluate complex etiologic models in representative samples that include men and a broader range of ethnic minority groups.
Topics: Bulimia; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Demography; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Sampling Studies
PubMed: 12900983
DOI: 10.1002/eat.10202 -
Addictive Behaviors 1995This paper reviews the use of medication in the treatment of bulimia nervosa and of binge eating disorder. There is now compelling evidence from double blind,... (Review)
Review
This paper reviews the use of medication in the treatment of bulimia nervosa and of binge eating disorder. There is now compelling evidence from double blind, placebo-controlled studies that antidepressant medication is useful in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. What is less clear is which patients are most likely to benefit from antidepressant medications and how to best sequence the various therapeutic interventions available. The utility of antidepressant medications in bulimia nervosa has led to their evaluation in binge eating disorder. The limited information currently available suggests that antidepressant treatment may be associated with a reduction in binge frequency in obese patients with binge eating disorder, but does not lead to weight reduction. Additional studies of the use of medication in the treatment of binge eating disorder and of the role of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa are needed.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Bulimia; Female; Fluvoxamine; Humans; Obesity; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
PubMed: 8820528
DOI: 10.1016/0306-4603(95)00091-7 -
BMC Public Health Mar 2024Bulimia, which means a person has episodes of eating a very large amount of food (bingeing) during which the person feels a loss of control over their eating, is the...
Multiple mediation of the association between childhood emotional abuse and adult obesity by anxiety and bulimia - a sample from bariatric surgery candidates and healthy controls.
Bulimia, which means a person has episodes of eating a very large amount of food (bingeing) during which the person feels a loss of control over their eating, is the most primitive reason for being overweight and obese. The extended literature has indicated that childhood emotional abuse has a close relationship with adverse mood states, bulimia, and obesity. To comprehensively understand the potential links among these factors, we evaluated a multiple mediation model in which anxiety/depression and bulimia were mediators between childhood emotional abuse and body mass index (BMI). A set of self-report questionnaires, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), was sent out. Clinical data from 37 obese patients (age: 29.65 ± 5.35, body mass index (BMI): 37.59 ± 6.34) and 37 demographically well-matched healthy people with normal body weight (age: 31.35 ± 10.84, BMI: 22.16 ± 3.69) were included in the investigation. We first performed an independent t-test to compare all scales or subscale scores between the two groups. Then, we conducted Pearson correlation analysis to test every two variables' pairwise correlation. Finally, multiple mediation analysis was performed with BMI as the outcome variable, and childhood emotional abuse as the predictive variable. Pairs of anxiety, bulimia, and depression, bulimia were selected as the mediating variables in different multiple mediation models separately. The results show that the obese group reported higher childhood emotional abuse (t = 2.157, p = 0.034), worse mood state (anxiety: t = 5.466, p < 0.001; depression: t = 2.220, p = 0.030), and higher bulimia (t = 3.400, p = 0.001) than the healthy control group. Positive correlations were found in every pairwise combination of BMI, childhood emotional abuse, anxiety, and bulimia. Multiple mediation analyses indicate that childhood emotional abuse is positively linked to BMI (β = 1.312, 95% CI = 0.482-2.141). The model using anxiety and bulimia as the multiple mediating variables is attested to play roles in the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and obesity (indirect effect = 0.739, 95% CI = 0.261-1.608, 56.33% of the total effect). These findings confirm that childhood emotional abuse contributes to adulthood obesity through the multiple mediating effects of anxiety and bulimia. The present study adds another potential model to facilitate our understanding of the eating psychopathology of obesity.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Young Adult; Bulimia; Emotional Abuse; Anxiety; Obesity; Bariatric Surgery; Psychological Tests; Self Report
PubMed: 38429770
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18015-w -
Pharmacological Research Sep 2023Neuromedin U (NMU) is a bioactive peptide produced in the gut and in the brain, with a role in multiple physiological processes. NMU acts by binding and activating two G... (Review)
Review
Neuromedin U (NMU) is a bioactive peptide produced in the gut and in the brain, with a role in multiple physiological processes. NMU acts by binding and activating two G protein coupled receptors (GPCR), the NMU receptor 1 (NMU-R1), which is predominantly expressed in the periphery, and the NMU receptor 2 (NMU-R2), mainly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). In the brain, NMU and NMU-R2 are consistently present in the hypothalamus, commonly recognized as the main "feeding center". Considering its distribution pattern, NMU revealed to be an important neuropeptide involved in the regulation of food intake, with a powerful anorexigenic ability. This has been observed through direct administration of NMU and by studies using genetically modified animals, which revealed an obesity phenotype when the NMU gene is deleted. Thus, the development of NMU analogs or NMU-R2 agonists might represent a promising pharmacological strategy to treat obese individuals. Furthermore, NMU has been demonstrated to influence the non-homeostatic aspect of food intake, playing a potential role in binge eating behavior. This review aims to discuss and summarize the current literature linking the NMU system with obesity and binge eating behavior, focusing on the influence of NMU on food intake and the neuronal mechanisms underlying its anti-obesity properties. Pharmacological strategies to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of NMU will also be reported.
Topics: Animals; Feeding Behavior; Neuropeptides; Obesity; Peptide Hormones; Bulimia
PubMed: 37517560
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106875 -
Anaesthesia May 2003The provision of anaesthesia for patients suffering from anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa is not without its risks. The anaesthetist needs to appreciate that these... (Review)
Review
The provision of anaesthesia for patients suffering from anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa is not without its risks. The anaesthetist needs to appreciate that these eating disorders can predispose the patient to significant risk of multi-organ dysfunction related to starvation and purging. Any such organ dysfunction can have serious implications on morbidity and mortality. Therefore, careful peri-operative management is essential to avoid anaesthetic complications. Both disorders are common, with incidences in the general population of up to 30% in girls and young women. A review of the literature on the provision of anaesthesia for anorexic patients was carried out to evaluate the potential impact of these disorders on the patient's physiology and the subsequent implications for anaesthesia.
Topics: Anesthesia; Anorexia Nervosa; Bulimia; Humans; Perioperative Care
PubMed: 12693999
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03130.x -
European Eating Disorders Review : the... Nov 2022Sociocultural influences, including an increasing pressure for fashion models to maintain a thin body frame may be crucial in the development of eating disorders. The...
OBJECTIVE
Sociocultural influences, including an increasing pressure for fashion models to maintain a thin body frame may be crucial in the development of eating disorders. The present study aimed to establish whether fashion models are more likely than non-models to develop eating disorders.
METHODS
Female fashion models were selected by snowball sampling (n = 179, mean age: 25.9 SD = 4.70 years). They were compared with an age adjusted control group (n = 261, mean age: 25.0 SD = 4.97 years). Participants completed an online questionnaire containing the Eating Disorder Inventory.
RESULTS
The average BMI of the fashion models was in the underweight range (mean BMI = 18.1 SD = 1.68). The BMI of the control group was significantly higher (mean = 22.1 SD = 4.23, p < 0.001). The frequency of simulated anorexia nervosa was 3.9% among the fashion models and 1.1% in the control group (p = 0.057). 14.6% of the models showed subclinical anorexia nervosa symptoms versus 2.7% in the control group (p < 0.001). The ratio of bulimia nervosa and subclinical bulimia nervosa showed no significant difference between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
Female fashion models showed no significant difference from the control group in the frequency of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa but had a significantly higher frequency of the subclinical form of anorexia nervosa.
Topics: Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Bulimia; Bulimia Nervosa; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Habits; Humans
PubMed: 35474384
DOI: 10.1002/erv.2912 -
BMC Psychiatry Apr 2023Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is a common psychological disorder present in Lebanese adolescents. Several disorders can be present concomitantly with MD such as bulimia nervosa...
BACKGROUND
Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is a common psychological disorder present in Lebanese adolescents. Several disorders can be present concomitantly with MD such as bulimia nervosa and exercise addiction. This study aims to explore the mediating effect of body appreciation between Muscle dysmorphia and bulimia nervosa, and to validate the exercise addiction inventory scale in Lebanese adolescents.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional designed study, conducted between August-September 2022, and enrolling 403 adolescents currently residing in Lebanon (15 to 18 years old), from all Lebanese governorates (Beirut, Mount Lebanon, North, South, and Bekaa). Our sample was chosen using the snowball technique, a soft copy of the questionnaire was created using google forms software, and an online approach was conceived to proceed with the data collection.
RESULTS
The mean age of the participants was 16.63 ± 1.46 years with 57.3% females. The factor analysis for the Exercise Addiction Inventory suggested one factor, which explained 62.58% of the common variance. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed an adequate fit to the model with satisfactory Maximum Likelihood Chi-Square/Degrees of Freedom (χ/df), SRMR, CFI, TLI, and AVE. The mediation analysis showed that the direct relation between bulimia and MD was not significant after eliminating the effect of body appreciation (r = .12, p < .001). However, body appreciation was significantly associated with bulimia nervosa (r=-1.06, p < .001) and MD (r=-.28, p < .001).
CONCLUSION
Body appreciation was found to be a mediator between muscle dysmorphia and bulimia nervosa and thus it is the main factor leading to both disorders. Therefore, body appreciation should be addressed in the evaluation and management of Muscle Dysmorphia.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adolescent; Male; Bulimia Nervosa; Cross-Sectional Studies; Bulimia; Muscles; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 37081413
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04772-2 -
Nursing Forum 2014The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the concept of binge eating in obese adolescents. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the concept of binge eating in obese adolescents.
METHODS
Rodgers' evolutionary approach was used to frame this analysis. A search was conducted within the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline, and PsycINFO for publications between 1980 and 2011.
FINDINGS
Conceptual shifts in the meaning of binge eating have occurred over the past 30 years, yet the two enduring attributes are consumption of a large amount of food and a loss of control over eating.
CONCLUSION
Though this analysis demonstrates a consensus concerning the core attributes of binge eating, further refinement of the nuances, subtleties, and use of the concept in relation to adolescents is needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Bulimia; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; United States
PubMed: 24392932
DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12054 -
European Eating Disorders Review : the... Mar 2016Eating disorders (EDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently co-occur; however, the reasons for this are unclear. We review the current literature on genetic... (Review)
Review
Eating disorders (EDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently co-occur; however, the reasons for this are unclear. We review the current literature on genetic risk for EDs and SUDs, as well as preliminary findings exploring whether these classes of disorders have overlapping genetic risk. Overall, genetic factors contribute to individual differences in liability to multiple EDs and SUDs. Although initial family studies concluded that no shared familial (which includes genetic) risk between EDs and SUDs exists, twin studies suggest a moderate proportion of shared variance is attributable to overlapping genetic factors, particularly for those EDs characterized by binge eating and/or inappropriate compensatory behaviours. No adoption or molecular genetic studies have examined shared genetic risk between these classes of disorders. Research investigating binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviours using emerging statistical genetic methods, as well as examining gene-environment interplay, will provide important clues into the aetiology of comorbid EDs and SUDs.
Topics: Bulimia; Comorbidity; Feeding Behavior; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Risk Factors; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 26663753
DOI: 10.1002/erv.2424 -
Appetite Mar 2022Various types of stressors are associated with maladaptive eating, but how the stressor of everyday discrimination (e.g., less respect, poorer service) relates to...
Various types of stressors are associated with maladaptive eating, but how the stressor of everyday discrimination (e.g., less respect, poorer service) relates to maladaptive eating and adaptive eating remains unclear. We examined everyday discrimination as a predictor of maladaptive and adaptive eating. Data were collected in a population-based study, Eating and Activity over Time (N = 1410, ages 18-30). Everyday discrimination was categorized as none, low, moderate, or high. Outcomes included maladaptive eating (i.e., overeating and binge eating) and adaptive eating (i.e., intuitive eating and mindful eating). Modified Poisson regressions estimated the prevalence ratios (PRs) for overeating and binge eating associated with everyday discrimination. Linear regressions estimated associations between everyday discrimination and intuitive and mindful eating scores. After adjustment for age, ethnicity/race, gender, and socioeconomic status, moderate and high levels of discriminatory experiences were each associated with a significantly greater prevalence of binge eating (PR = 2.2, [95% CI = 1.3-3.7] and PR = 3.1, [95% CI = 2.0-4.7], respectively) and lower intuitive (β = -0.4, [95% CI = -0.7, -0.2] and β = -0.5 [95% CI = -0.8, -0.3], respectively), and mindful eating scores (β = -0.3, [95% CI = -0.6, -0.1] and β = -0.5 [95% CI = -0.8, -0.3], respectively) compared to young adults with no discriminatory experience. Public health efforts to prevent maladaptive eating and encourage the adoption of adaptive eating should consider the potential contribution of everyday discrimination and the need to advocate for equity and inclusion.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Binge-Eating Disorder; Bulimia; Humans; Hyperphagia; Mindfulness; Social Class; Young Adult
PubMed: 34952131
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105878