-
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Feb 2019Burkholderia gladioli are non-fermenting, Gram-negative, rod-shaped aerobic bacteria that were first identified as a plant pathogen. Most of the B. gladioli infections...
INTRODUCTION
Burkholderia gladioli are non-fermenting, Gram-negative, rod-shaped aerobic bacteria that were first identified as a plant pathogen. Most of the B. gladioli infections reported in the literature have involved immunocompromised adults and newborn infants. B. gladioli in humans is often associated with a poor prognosis.
CASE REPORT
We describe the first case of sinonasal infection due to B. gladioli and Staphylococcus aureus in an immunocompetent patient who had recently travelled to the Congo.
DISCUSSION
As in the few other reported cases involving immunocompetent patients, the appropriate approach to this multidrug-resistant B. gladioli infection was a combination of surgery and antibiotics chosen in the light of an antibiogram.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burkholderia Infections; Burkholderia gladioli; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Immunocompetence; Levofloxacin; Maxillary Sinusitis; Middle Aged; Rhinitis; Staphylococcal Infections; Travel-Related Illness
PubMed: 30342825
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2018.01.011 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Bongkrekic acid (BKA) poisoning, induced by the contamination of pathovar , has a long-standing history of causing severe outbreaks of foodborne illness. In recent... (Review)
Review
Bongkrekic acid (BKA) poisoning, induced by the contamination of pathovar , has a long-standing history of causing severe outbreaks of foodborne illness. In recent years, it has emerged as a lethal food safety concern, presenting significant challenges to public health. This review article highlights the recent incidents of BKA poisoning and current research discoveries on the pathogenicity of pv. and underlying biochemical mechanisms for BKA synthesis. Moreover, the characterization of pv. and the identification of the gene cluster provide a crucial foundation for developing targeted interventions to prevent BKA accumulation in food matrices. The prevalence of the gene cluster, which is the determining factor distinguishing pv. from non-pathogenic strains, has been identified in 15% of documented genomes worldwide. This finding suggests that BKA poisoning has the potential to evolve into a more prevalent threat. Although limited, previous research has proved that pv. is capable of producing BKA in diverse environments, emphasizing the possible food safety hazards associated with BKA poisoning. Also, advancements in detection methods of both BKA and pv. hold great promise for mitigating the impact of this foodborne disease. Future studies focusing on reducing the threat raised by this vicious foe is of paramount importance to public health.
PubMed: 37959045
DOI: 10.3390/foods12213926 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023Plant pathogens are one of the major constraints on worldwide food production. The antibiotic properties of microbes identified as effective in managing plant pathogens...
INTRODUCTION
Plant pathogens are one of the major constraints on worldwide food production. The antibiotic properties of microbes identified as effective in managing plant pathogens are well documented.
METHODS
Here, we used antagonism experiments and untargeted metabolomics to isolate the potentially antifungal molecules produced by KJ-34.
RESULTS
KJ-34 is a potential biocontrol bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rice and can fight multiple fungal pathogens (i.e. ). The favoured fermentation conditions are determined and the fermentation broth treatment can significantly inhibit the infection of and . The fermentation broth suppression ratio is 75% and 82%, respectively. Fermentation broth treatment disrupted the spore germination and led to malformation of hyphae. Additionally, we found that the molecular weight of antifungal products were less than 1000 Da through semipermeable membranes on solid medium assay. To search the potentially antifungal molecules that produce by KJ-34, we used comparative and bioinformatics analyses of fermentation broth before and after optimization by mass spectrometry. Untargeted metabolomics analyses are presumed to have a library of antifungal agents including benzoylstaurosporine, morellin and scopolamine.
DISCUSSION
These results suggest that KJ-34 produced various biological control agents to suppress multiple phytopathogenic fungi and showed a strong potential in the ecological technologies of prevention and protection.
PubMed: 36938063
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1097044 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Feb 2021is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with cystic fibrosis infections. Here, we describe the genome sequence of phage Maja. Maja is most related to another phage,...
is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with cystic fibrosis infections. Here, we describe the genome sequence of phage Maja. Maja is most related to another phage, BcepF1, and may be a temperate phage, despite the absence of repressor or integrase homologs in its genome sequence.
PubMed: 33541882
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01430-20 -
Current Microbiology Jun 2021Bioprospecting sub-explored environments such as Antarctic locations leads to finding out diverse activities, reducing harmful chemical usage that affects both human...
Bioprospecting sub-explored environments such as Antarctic locations leads to finding out diverse activities, reducing harmful chemical usage that affects both human health and the environment. In this study, ~ 7000 cold-adapted bacterial strains were isolated from samples around Melchior Antarctic Base at 5 °C and more than 13,000 at 15 °C. Out of them, 900 different colony morphotypes were evaluated for antimicrobial production, and 13 isolates demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal activities. One isolate, closely related to Burkholderia gladioli according to 16S rDNA (99.8%), gyrB (99.6%) and Cpn60 (99.4%) gene sequence analysis, showed a consistent, broad antimicrobial spectrum against both pathogenic and phytopathogenic bacteria. Its potent antifungal activity inhibits the growth of various plant pathogenic fungi, whereas it was mainly studied against Penicillium digitatum and Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agents of blue mould in postharvest fruits and charcoal rot in soybean crops, respectively. The antibacterial compound exhibited low molecular weight (< 6000 Da), resistance to lytic enzymes and stability in a broad range of temperature and pHs. Observations of the B. gladioli MB39 antifungal effects over M. phaseolina mycelia by scanning electron microscopy showed alterations in hyphal structures, reduced hyphal extension, and severe cell morphology changes such as cytoplasmic leakage, flattened and empty mycelia. Here we report the isolation and identification of a cold-adapted B. gladioli strain. The results describe the effectiveness of the antarctic strain for bacterial and fungal phytopathogens biocontrol and its potential for crop protection plans.
Topics: Antarctic Regions; Ascomycota; Burkholderia gladioli; Humans; Penicillium
PubMed: 33904974
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02492-y -
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology :... Jun 2018
Review
Topics: Burkholderia Infections; Burkholderia gladioli; Facial Dermatoses; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic; Humans; Infant; Skin Diseases, Bacterial
PubMed: 29509962
DOI: 10.1111/pai.12884 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal May 2020Burkholderia cepacia complex is an aerobic, non-spore-forming, catalase-positive, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacterium common in environment. It is a serious...
BACKGROUND
Burkholderia cepacia complex is an aerobic, non-spore-forming, catalase-positive, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacterium common in environment. It is a serious pathogen especially for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). But pathogenicity of Burkholderia is not limited to patients with CF. Herein, we aimed to reveal clinical patterns and outcomes of Burkholderia infections in pediatric patients in our hospital and also antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strain.
METHODS
This retrospective study was conducted in Ankara Hematology Oncology Children's Training and Research Hospital. Patients with isolates of Burkholderia spp. between January 6, 2013, and January 12, 2018, were included in the study.
RESULTS
Burkholderia spp. was isolated from 55 patients. 94.6% of these patients had underlying diseases and had prior hospitalization within a year. Burkholderia gladioli grew in 15 patients' samples (27.3%); 38 patients grew B. cepacia (69.1%). None of the patients that B. gladioli was isolated was diagnosed as CF;. all had nosocomial infections. B. gladioli seemed to be more susceptible to aminoglycosides, piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenems and ciprofloxacin than B. cepacia (P = 0.00), whereas B. cepacia seemed to be more susceptible to ceftazidime than B. gladioli (P = 0.032). In addition, B. cepacia was more susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and levofloxacin than B. gladioli, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.76).
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of nosocomial infections caused by Burkholderia spp. is rare especially in pediatric literature. In our study, nosocomial Burkholderia infections occurred mostly in intensive care unit patients. The surveillance of Burkholderia infections is still very important, and the clinicians should be aware of changing epidemiology and increasing resistance of the microorganism. Besides, there are no internationally agreed minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints and disk-diffusion test thresholds for susceptibility testing for Burkholderia. Thus, the methods which were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing in our center might cause uncertainty about the results and internationally agreed minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints and disk-diffusion test thresholds for susceptibility testing for Burkholderia is still a gap to fill for the current literature.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burkholderia Infections; Burkholderia cepacia complex; Burkholderia gladioli; Child; Child, Preschool; Coinfection; Cross Infection; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Humans; Infant; Intensive Care Units; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Retrospective Studies; Turkey
PubMed: 32118858
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002587 -
Microorganisms Dec 2020In this study, we isolated an endophytic strain, named CGB10, from sugarcane leaves. CGB10 displayed strong inhibitory activity against filamentous growth of fungal...
In this study, we isolated an endophytic strain, named CGB10, from sugarcane leaves. CGB10 displayed strong inhibitory activity against filamentous growth of fungal pathogens, one of which is that causes sugarcane smut, a major disease affecting the quality and production of sugarcane in tropical and subtropical regions. CGB10 could effectively suppress sugarcane smut under field conditions, without itself causing any obvious damage or disease, thus underscoring a great potential as a biocontrol agent (BCA) for the management of sugarcane smut. A toxoflavin biosynthesis and transport gene cluster potentially responsible for such antifungal activity was identified in the CGB10 genome. Additionally, a quorum-sensing gene cluster was identified too and compared with two close species, thus supporting an overall connection to the regulation of toxoflavin synthesis therein. Overall, this work describes the in vitro and field biocontrol by a new B. gladioli strain, and reports genes and molecular mechanisms potentially involved.
PubMed: 33297590
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121943 -
Cornea Aug 2002To report a case of Burkholderia gladioli keratitis with consecutive endophthalmitis. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To report a case of Burkholderia gladioli keratitis with consecutive endophthalmitis.
METHODS
Case report and literature review.
RESULTS
A 76-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus developed bacterial keratitis and consecutive endophthalmitis in the corneal graft of the left eye. Corneal, aqueous, and vitreous cultures yielded Burkholderia gladioli. Emergent keratoplasty, pars plana vitrectomy, and injection of intravitreal antibiotics led to resolution of the infection and improved vision. Four months later, the patient developed recurrent Burkholderia keratitis and endophthalmitis, necessitating a total keratoplasty and repeat injection of intravitreal antibiotics.
CONCLUSION
This is the first report, to our knowledge, of ocular Burkholderia gladioli infection, an uncommon aerobic, gram-negative rod, recently subclassified from the genus Pseudomonas based on DNA-rRNA homology studies.
Topics: Aged; Burkholderia; Burkholderia Infections; Corneal Transplantation; Endophthalmitis; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Recurrence
PubMed: 12131039
DOI: 10.1097/00003226-200208000-00014 -
Journal of Medical Toxicology :... Jun 2017Bongkrekic acid (BA) has a unique mechanism of toxicity among the mitochondrial toxins: it inhibits adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) rather than the electron... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Bongkrekic acid (BA) has a unique mechanism of toxicity among the mitochondrial toxins: it inhibits adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) rather than the electron transport chain. Bongkrekic acid is produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli pathovar cocovenenans (B. cocovenenans) which has been implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness involving coconut- and corn-based products in Indonesia and China. Our objective was to summarize what is known about the epidemiology, exposure sources, toxicokinetics, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis and treatment of human BA poisoning.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE (1946 to present), EMBASE (1947 to present), SCOPUS, The Indonesia Publication Index ( http://id.portalgaruda.org/ ), ToxNet, book chapters, Google searches, Pro-MED alerts, and references from previously published journal articles. We identified a total of 109 references which were reviewed. Of those, 29 (26 %) had relevant information and were included. Bongkrekic acid is a heat-stable, highly unsaturated tricarboxylic fatty acid with a molecular weight of 486 kDa. Outbreaks have been reported from Indonesia, China, and more recently in Mozambique. Very little is known about the toxicokinetics of BA. Bongkrekic acid produces its toxic effects by inhibiting mitochondrial (ANT). ANT can also alter cellular apoptosis. Signs and symptoms in humans are similar to the clinical findings from other mitochondrial poisons, but they vary in severity and time course. Management of patients is symptomatic and supportive.
CONCLUSIONS
Bongkrekic acid is a mitochondrial ANT toxin and is reported primarily in outbreaks of food-borne poisoning involving coconut and corn. It should be considered in outbreaks of food-borne illness when signs and symptoms manifest involving the liver, brain, and kidneys and when coconut- or corn-based foods are implicated.
Topics: Animals; Bongkrekic Acid; Burkholderia Infections; Burkholderia gladioli; Cocos; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases; Treatment Outcome; Zea mays
PubMed: 28105575
DOI: 10.1007/s13181-016-0577-1