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Gut Microbes 2021is a butyrate-producing human gut symbiont that has been safely used as a probiotic for decades. strains have been investigated for potential protective or... (Review)
Review
is a butyrate-producing human gut symbiont that has been safely used as a probiotic for decades. strains have been investigated for potential protective or ameliorative effects in a wide range of human diseases, including gut-acquired infection, intestinal injury, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, neurodegenerative disease, metabolic disease, and colorectal cancer. In this review we summarize the studies on supplementation with special attention to proposed mechanisms for the associated health benefits and the supporting experimental evidence. These mechanisms center on molecular signals (especially butyrate) as well as immunological signals in the digestive system that cascade well beyond the gut to the liver, adipose tissue, brain, and more. The safety of probiotic strains appears well-established. We identify areas where additional human randomized controlled trials would provide valuable further data related to the strains' utility as an intervention.
Topics: Animals; Butyrates; Clostridium butyricum; Dietary Supplements; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Immunity; Inflammation; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Metabolic Diseases; Neoplasms; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Probiotics; Symbiosis
PubMed: 33874858
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1907272 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2022Microbiological treatments are expected to have a role in the future management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clostridium butyricum () is a probiotic...
Microbiological treatments are expected to have a role in the future management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clostridium butyricum () is a probiotic microorganism that exhibits beneficial effects on various disease conditions. Although many studies have revealed that C. butyricum provides protective effects in mice with colitis, the way C. butyricum establishes beneficial results in the host remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which C. butyricum modifies the gut microbiota, produces bacterial metabolites that may be involved, and, specifically, how microbial extracellular vesicles (EVs) positively influence IBD, using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis murine model in mice. First, we showed that C. butyricum provides a protective effect against colitis, as evidenced by the prevention of body weight loss, a reduction in the disease activity index (DAI) score, a shortened colon length, decreased histology score, and an improved gut barrier function, accompanied by reduced levels of pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia/Shigella, and an increased relative abundance of butyrate-producing Clostridium sensu stricto-1 and . Second, we also confirmed that the gut microbiota and metabolites produced by C. butyricum played key roles in the attenuation of DSS-induced experimental colitis, as supported by the profound alleviation of colitis effects following fecal transplantation or fecal filtrate insertion supplied from C. butyricum-treated mice. Finally, C. butyricum-derived EVs protected the gut barrier function, improved gut microbiota homeostasis in ulcerative colitis, and contributed to overall colitis alleviation. This study indicated that C. butyricum provided a prevention effect against colitis mice, which involved protection of the intestinal barrier and positively regulating gut microbiota. Furthermore, we confirmed that the gut microbiota and metabolites that were induced by C. butyricum also contributed to the attenuation of DSS-induced colitis. Importantly, C. butyricum-derived EVs showed an effective impact in alleviating colitis.
Topics: Animals; Clostridium butyricum; Colitis; Colon; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Extracellular Vesicles; Homeostasis; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mice
PubMed: 35762770
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01368-22 -
BMC Microbiology Mar 2021Weaning stress of piglets causes a huge economic loss to the pig industry. Balance and stability of the intestinal microenvironment is an effective way to reduce the...
BACKGROUND
Weaning stress of piglets causes a huge economic loss to the pig industry. Balance and stability of the intestinal microenvironment is an effective way to reduce the occurance of stress during the weaning process. Clostridium butyricum, as a new microecological preparation, is resistant to high temperature, acid, bile salts and some antibiotics. The aim of present study is to investigate the effects of C. butyricum on the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in weaned piglets.
RESULTS
There was no statistical significance in the growth performance and the incidence of diarrhoea among the weaned piglets treated with C. butyricum during 0-21 days experimental period. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that the operational taxonomic units (OTUs), abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) and Chao index of the CB group were found to be significantly increased compared with the NC group (P < 0.05). Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Tenericutes were the predominant bacterial phyla in the weaned piglets. A marked increase in the relative abundance of Megasphaera, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, along with a decreased relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 was observed in the CB group, when compared with the NC group (P < 0.05). With the addition of C. butyricum, a total of twenty-two significantly altered metabolites were obtained in the feces of piglets. The integrated pathway analysis by MetaboAnalyst indicated that arginine and proline metabolism; valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; and phenylalanine metabolism were the main three altered pathways, based on the topology. Furthermore, Spearman's analysis revealed some altered gut microbiota genus such as Oscillospira, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Megasphaera, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Prevotella_2, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 were associated with the alterations in the fecal metabolites (P < 0.05), indicating that C. butyricum presented a potential protective impact through gut microbiota. The intestinal metabolites changed by C. butyricum mainly involved the variation of citrulline, dicarboxylic acids, branched-chain amino acid and tryptophan metabolic pathways.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, this study strengthens the idea that the dietary C. butyricum treatment can significantly alter the intestinal microbiota and metabolite profiles of the weaned piglets, and C. butyricum can offer potential benefits for the gut health.
Topics: Animals; Clostridium butyricum; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbial Interactions; Probiotics; Swine; Weaning
PubMed: 33752593
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02143-z -
Gut Microbes 2023Probiotic roles of (C.B) are involved in regulating disease and cancers, yet the mechanistic basis for these regulatory roles remains largely unknown. Here, we...
Probiotic roles of (C.B) are involved in regulating disease and cancers, yet the mechanistic basis for these regulatory roles remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that C.B reprograms the proliferation, migration, stemness, and tumor growth in CRC by regulating pivotal signal molecules including MYC. Destabilization of MYC by C.B supplementation suppresses cancer cell proliferation/metastasis, sensitizes 5-FU treatment, and boosts responsiveness of anti-PD1 therapy. MYC is a transcriptional regulator of Thymidylate synthase (TYMS), a key target of the 5-FU. Also MYC is known to impact on PD-1 expression. Mechanistically, C.B treatment of CRC cells results in MYC degradation by enhancing proteasome-mediated ubiquitination, thereby mitigating MYC-mediated 5-FU resistance and boosting anti-PD1 immunotherapeutic efficacy. Together, our findings uncover previously unappreciated links between C.B and CRC cell signaling, providing insight into the tumorigenesis modulating mechanisms of C.B in boosting chemo/immune therapies.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Clostridium butyricum; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cell Proliferation; Fluorouracil
PubMed: 36941257
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2186114 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Apr 2024Clostridium butyricum, a probiotic commonly prescribed in Asia, most notably as MIYA-BM (Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; https://www.miyarisan.com), occasionally...
Clostridium butyricum, a probiotic commonly prescribed in Asia, most notably as MIYA-BM (Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; https://www.miyarisan.com), occasionally leads to bacteremia. The prevalence and characteristics of C. butyricum bacteremia and its bacteriologic and genetic underpinnings remain unknown. We retrospectively investigated patients admitted to Osaka University Hospital during September 2011-February 2023. Whole-genome sequencing revealed 5 (0.08%) cases of C. butyricum bacteremia among 6,576 case-patients who had blood cultures positive for any bacteria. Four patients consumed MIYA-BM, and 1 patient consumed a different C. butyricum-containing probiotic. Most patients had compromised immune systems, and common symptoms included fever and abdominal distress. One patient died of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia. Sequencing results confirmed that all identified C. butyricum bacteremia strains were probiotic derivatives. Our findings underscore the risk for bacteremia resulting from probiotic use, especially in hospitalized patients, necessitating judicious prescription practices.
Topics: Humans; Clostridium butyricum; Japan; Retrospective Studies; Probiotics; Bacteremia
PubMed: 38413242
DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231633 -
Oncoimmunology 2022Oral microbiota is associated with human diseases including cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which allow the oral microbiome to...
Oral microbiota is associated with human diseases including cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which allow the oral microbiome to translocate into the gut, negatively influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in cancer patients. However, currently there is no effective treatment that restores the decreased efficacy. To address this issue, we retrospectively evaluated 118 advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with ICB and analyzed 80 fecal samples of patients with lung cancer by 16S metagenomic sequencing. therapy using MIYAIRI 588 (CBM588), a live biotherapeutic bacterial strain, was shown to improve the ICB efficacy in lung cancer. Thus, we investigated how CBM588 affects the efficacy of ICB and the gut microbiota of lung cancer patients undergoing PPI treatment. We found that PPI treatment significantly decreased the efficacy of ICB in NSCLC patients, however, CBM588 significantly restored the diminished efficacy of ICB and improved survival. In addition, CBM588 prolonged overall survival in patients receiving PPIs and antibiotics together. The fecal analysis revealed that PPI users had higher abundance of harmful oral-related pathobionts and lower abundance of beneficial gut bacteria for immunotherapy. In contrast, patients who received CBM588 had lesser relative abundance of potentially harmful oral-related bacteria in the gut. Our research suggests that manipulating commensal microbiota by CBM588 may improve the therapeutic efficacy of ICB in cancer patients receiving PPIs, highlighting the potential of oral-related microbiota in the gut as a new therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.
Topics: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Clostridium butyricum; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35655708
DOI: 10.1080/2162402X.2022.2081010 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Sep 2021Studies of the lipidomes of twenty-one species of clostridia have revealed considerable diversity. Even among those species now defined as Clostridium sensu stricto,... (Review)
Review
Studies of the lipidomes of twenty-one species of clostridia have revealed considerable diversity. Even among those species now defined as Clostridium sensu stricto, which are related to Clostridium butyricum, the type species, lipid analysis has shown that a number of distinct clades have characteristic polar lipids. All species of Clostridium sensu stricto have phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin which are present as all acyl or alk-1'-enyl acyl (plasmalogen) species. In addition, almost every clade has specialized polar lipids. For example, the group closely related to Clostridium beijerinckii and several other solventogenic species has glycerol acetals of plasmenylethanolamine, which protects the membrane bilayer arrangement when the lipids are highly unsaturated or in the presence of solvents. The group related to Clostridium novyi has aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol, which protects these pathogens from cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) of innate immunity. Clostridium botulinum species, which fall into several groups, align with these clades, and have the same specific lipids. This review will present the current state of knowledge on clostridial lipids.
Topics: Clostridium; Lipidomics
PubMed: 33974975
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158966 -
Toxins Jan 2020Intoxication with botulinum neurotoxin can occur through various routes. Foodborne botulism results after consumption of food in which botulinum neurotoxin-producing... (Review)
Review
Intoxication with botulinum neurotoxin can occur through various routes. Foodborne botulism results after consumption of food in which botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia (i.e., or strains of type E or type F) have replicated and produced botulinum neurotoxin. Infection of a wound with and in situ production of botulinum neurotoxin leads to wound botulism. Colonization of the intestine by neurotoxigenic clostridia, with consequent production of botulinum toxin in the intestine, leads to intestinal toxemia botulism. When this occurs in an infant, it is referred to as infant botulism, whereas in adults or children over 1 year of age, it is intestinal colonization botulism. Predisposing factors for intestinal colonization in children or adults include previous bowel or gastric surgery, anatomical bowel abnormalities, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, antimicrobial therapy, or foodborne botulism. Intestinal colonization botulism is confirmed by detection of botulinum toxin in serum and/or stool, or isolation of neurotoxigenic clostridia from the stool, without finding a toxic food. Shedding of neurotoxigenic clostridia in the stool may occur for a period of several weeks. Adult intestinal botulism occurs as isolated cases, and may go undiagnosed, contributing to the low reported incidence of this rare disease.
Topics: Adult; Botulism; Clostridium botulinum; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Toxemia
PubMed: 31991691
DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020081 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... Dec 2022Gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in intestinal diseases. The resident microorganisms in the digestive tract contribute to maintenance of gut homeostasis. Some... (Review)
Review
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in intestinal diseases. The resident microorganisms in the digestive tract contribute to maintenance of gut homeostasis. Some bacterial species have been identified and are suspected to play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Many studies have found that Clostridium butyricum has a close relationship with CRC, and the mechanism is becoming increasingly clear. This review discusses the possible relationship between C. butyricum and CRC.
Topics: Humans; Clostridium butyricum; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bacteria; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 36647942
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1565_21 -
Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and... 2022The gut microbiota has nutritional and protective functions. In patients with end-stage renal disease, changes in the gut microbiota disrupt their protective functions....
The gut microbiota has nutritional and protective functions. In patients with end-stage renal disease, changes in the gut microbiota disrupt their protective functions. Probiotics help maintain normal bowel function. However, their role in patients with end-stage renal disease is controversial. We investigated whether affects the nutrition and immune function of patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing maintenance dialysis between 2014 and 2015; thirty-seven patients were included. The patients were divided into two groups: one in which was administered and one in which it was not. One tablet of the probiotics, which contained 20 mg of , was administered orally three times daily for 2 years in the group. The 16S rRNA genes were sequenced from stool samples of 14 (37.8%) patients in the group and 23 (62.2%) patients in the control group. The differences in the gut microbiota of the two groups were analyzed. The α-diversity index indicated that the group had significantly more operational taxonomic units and higher albumin and transferrin levels than the control group. The effector to target cell ratio was significantly higher in the group. In addition, interleukin-6 levels were significantly lower in the group, and inflammation was less severe in this group. The patients undergoing maintenance dialysis with had abundant gut microbiota. They also had a good nutritional status, low systemic inflammation, and a good immunological status.
PubMed: 35433162
DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2021-046