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Journal of Advanced Nursing Apr 2022To examine which signs/symptoms registered nurses (RNs) and certified nurse assistants (CNAs) (nursing staff) in Dutch nursing homes associate with dehydration, if they...
AIMS
To examine which signs/symptoms registered nurses (RNs) and certified nurse assistants (CNAs) (nursing staff) in Dutch nursing homes associate with dehydration, if they observe these signs/symptoms themselves and what they do after observing them.
DESIGN
A cross-sectional study.
METHODS
In February 2020, using an online questionnaire based on a diagnostic strategy to diagnose dehydration, nursing staff was asked: (1) which signs/symptoms they associate with dehydration; (2) if they observe these signs/symptoms themselves; and (3) which actions they take after observing these signs/symptoms in a resident. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square statistics were used to describe the answers and explore significant differences between groups.
RESULTS
In total, 250 RNs and 226 CNAs participated. Among RNs, 67%-99% associated the signs/symptoms of the strategy to dehydration compared with 45%-98% of the CNAs. RNs and CNAs often indicated to observe signs/symptoms from the strategy themselves (80.1% and 92.6%), but they also often relied on information given by other care professionals and the informal caregiver. Interventions taken were mainly focused on communicating findings to colleagues.
CONCLUSION
Many signs/symptoms from the diagnostic strategy trigger nursing staff to think of dehydration. Results also show that a variety of formal and informal caregivers are involved in dehydration care. As RNs and CNAs did often not receive dehydration training after entering workforce, this could have limited their ability to recognize signs/symptoms related to dehydration. To ensure timely recognition of dehydration, a clear description of roles and responsibilities about dehydration care in, and between, formal and informal caregivers is essential with structurally embedded dehydration training in the nursing home.
IMPACT
Tackling dehydration in the nursing home requires interdisciplinary collaboration and communication with family members. Without clear roles and responsibilities, a risk of dehydration can be left unattended.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Dehydration; Humans; Nursing Assistants; Nursing Homes; Nursing Staff
PubMed: 34462958
DOI: 10.1111/jan.15032 -
Indian Journal of Public Health 1990
Review
Topics: Acute Disease; Amino Acids; Dehydration; Diarrhea; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Oryza; Rehydration Solutions
PubMed: 2101384
DOI: No ID Found -
Genes Sep 2021Drought stress causes recurrent damage to a healthy ecosystem because it has major adverse effects on the growth and productivity of plants. However, plants have... (Review)
Review
Drought stress causes recurrent damage to a healthy ecosystem because it has major adverse effects on the growth and productivity of plants. However, plants have developed drought avoidance and resilience for survival through many strategies, such as increasing water absorption and conduction, reducing water loss and conversing growth stages. Understanding how plants respond and regulate drought stress would be important for creating and breeding better plants to help maintain a sound ecosystem. Epigenetic marks are a group of regulators affecting drought response and resilience in plants through modification of chromatin structure to control the transcription of pertinent genes. Histone acetylation is an ubiquitous epigenetic mark. The level of histone acetylation, which is regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), determines whether the chromatin is open or closed, thereby controlling access of DNA-binding proteins for transcriptional activation. In this review, we summarize histone acetylation changes in plant response to drought stress, and review the functions of HATs and HDACs in drought response and resistance.
Topics: Acetylation; Adaptation, Biological; Dehydration; Droughts; Histone Acetyltransferases; Histone Deacetylases; Histones; Plant Development; Protein Processing, Post-Translational
PubMed: 34573391
DOI: 10.3390/genes12091409 -
Physiological Reports Jun 2018Exercise and dehydration may be associated with a compromised kidney function and potential signs of kidney injury. However, the kidney responses to exercise of...
Exercise and dehydration may be associated with a compromised kidney function and potential signs of kidney injury. However, the kidney responses to exercise of different durations and hypohydration levels are not yet known. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of acute versus prolonged exercise and dehydration on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and kidney injury biomarkers in healthy male adults. A total of 35 subjects (23 ± 3 years) were included and invited for two study visits. Visit 1 consisted of a maximal cycling test. On Visit 2, subjects performed a submaximal exercise test at 80% of maximal heart rate until 3% hypohydration. Blood and urine samples were taken at baseline, after 30 min of exercise (acute effects; low level of hypohydration) and after 150 min of exercise or when 3% hypohydration was achieved (prolonged effects, high level of hypohydration). Urinary outcome parameters were corrected for urinary cystatin C, creatinine, and osmolality. Subjects dehydrated on average 0.6 ± 0.3% and 2.9 ± 0.7% after acute and prolonged exercise, respectively (P < 0.001). The eGFR did not differ between baseline and acute exercise (118 ± 11 vs. 116 ± 12 mL/min/1.73 m , P = 0.12), whereas eGFR was significantly lower after prolonged exercise (103 ± 16 mL/min/1.73 m , P < 0.001). We found no difference in osmolality corrected uKIM1 concentrations after acute and prolonged exercise (P > 0.05), and elevated osmolality corrected uNGAL concentrations after acute and prolonged exercise (all P-values < 0.05). In conclusion, acute exercise did barely impact on eGFR and kidney injury biomarkers, whereas prolonged exercise is associated with a decline in eGFR and increased biomarkers for kidney injury.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Dehydration; Exercise; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney; Male; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Young Adult
PubMed: 29890037
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13734 -
Nutrients May 2011The hypothesis was considered that a low fluid intake disrupts cognition and mood. Most research has been carried out on young fit adults, who typically have exercised,... (Review)
Review
The hypothesis was considered that a low fluid intake disrupts cognition and mood. Most research has been carried out on young fit adults, who typically have exercised, often in heat. The results of these studies are inconsistent, preventing any conclusion. Even if the findings had been consistent, confounding variables such as fatigue and increased temperature make it unwise to extrapolate these findings. Thus in young adults there is little evidence that under normal living conditions dehydration disrupts cognition, although this may simply reflect a lack of relevant evidence. There remains the possibility that particular populations are at high risk of dehydration. It is known that renal function declines in many older individuals and thirst mechanisms become less effective. Although there are a few reports that more dehydrated older adults perform cognitive tasks less well, the body of information is limited and there have been little attempt to improve functioning by increasing hydration status. Although children are another potentially vulnerable group that have also been subject to little study, they are the group that has produced the only consistent findings in this area. Four intervention studies have found improved performance in children aged 7 to 9 years. In these studies children, eating and drinking as normal, have been tested on occasions when they have and not have consumed a drink. After a drink both memory and attention have been found to be improved.
Topics: Affect; Age Factors; Attention; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Dehydration; Drinking; Humans; Kidney; Memory; Thirst
PubMed: 22254111
DOI: 10.3390/nu3050555 -
PloS One 2019Climate change is negatively affecting many species. The increase in mean air temperature is often associated with shifts in distribution, changes in phenology, and...
Climate change is negatively affecting many species. The increase in mean air temperature is often associated with shifts in distribution, changes in phenology, and local extinctions. Other factors that only partially correlate with air temperature, like water shortage, may also contribute to the negative consequences of climate change. Although the effect of temperature on lizards' ecophysiology is highly studied, many lizards are also at risks of increased water loss and dehydration, which are predicted to increase under climate change. Here we aimed for the first time to explore if lacertid lizards exposed to dehydration thermoregulate less precisely than hydrated lizards and if dehydrated lizards are less active, change the daily pattern of thermoregulation and balance water balance against thermoregulation. We exposed four lizard species with differences in the thermal preference to thermal gradients with or without a source of water. We measured preferred body temperatures, daily pattern of thermoregulation, and the use of space. Dehydration negatively affected thermoregulation in all investigated species. Dehydrated lizards reduced their preferred body temperature and showed a species-specific pattern of hourly change in thermal preference. Furthermore, they more frequently used the colder parts of the gradients and spent more time hidden. Lizards experiencing dehydration may suffer a reduction in survival and fitness because of poor thermoregulation. Similarly, they may spend more time hidden, waiting for more favourable weather conditions. Such inactivity may carry ecological costs especially in those regions that undergo either short or prolonged periods of droughts.
Topics: Animal Migration; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Climate Change; Dehydration; Droughts; Ecosystem; Lizards; Portugal
PubMed: 31344149
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220384 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Mar 2018In humans, thirst tends to be alleviated before complete rehydration is achieved. When sweating rates are high and ad libitum fluid consumption is not sufficient to... (Review)
Review
In humans, thirst tends to be alleviated before complete rehydration is achieved. When sweating rates are high and ad libitum fluid consumption is not sufficient to replace sweat losses, a cumulative loss in body water results. Body mass losses of 2% or greater take time to accumulate. Dehydration of ≥ 2% body mass is associated with impaired thermoregulatory function, elevated cardiovascular strain and, in many conditions (e.g., warmer, longer, more intense), impaired aerobic exercise performance. Circumstances where planned drinking is optimal include longer duration activities of > 90 min, particularly in the heat; higher-intensity exercise with high sweat rates; exercise where performance is a concern; and when carbohydrate intake of 1 g/min is desired. Individuals with high sweat rates and/or those concerned with exercise performance should determine sweat rates under conditions (exercise intensity, pace) and environments similar to that anticipated when competing and tailor drinking to prevent body mass losses > 2%. Circumstances where drinking to thirst may be sufficient include short duration exercise of < 1 h to 90 min; exercise in cooler conditions; and lower-intensity exercise. It is recommended to never drink so much that weight is gained.
Topics: Athletes; Dehydration; Drinking; Exercise; Humans; Sweating; Thirst; Water; Water-Electrolyte Balance
PubMed: 29368181
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0844-6 -
Journal of Nutritional Science 2021Nutrition and maternal behavior are critical factors in fetal development. Maternal water intake is necessary to regulate metabolism and may influence fetal growth. This...
Nutrition and maternal behavior are critical factors in fetal development. Maternal water intake is necessary to regulate metabolism and may influence fetal growth. This study aims to determine the effect of dehydration during pregnancy on birth weight and length. This cohort-prospective study took place in the area of Kebon Jeruk District Health Centre. A total of 38 subjects of pregnant women in their second trimester were examined. Subject characteristics were collected through direct measurements and interviews. Urine and blood samples were collected at the sixth trimester (32-34 and 35-37 weeks) to determine hydration status. Nutritional status was collected through food recall, while birth weight and length were obtained from the anthropometric measurements 30 min after birth. From a total of 38 subjects, 20 were dehydrated, and 18 were well hydrated. There was a significant relationship between hydration status and water intake, birth weight and length, head circumference, and chest circumference. After being corrected to the level of water intake, the difference in birth weight and length between the two groups were 500⋅6 g and 0⋅4 cm, and 0⋅8 cm and 1⋅4 cm for the head circumference and chest circumference ( < 0⋅05). It is recommended for mothers to monitor their weight and ensure fluid intake of 3⋅0 l per day. Further research requires more subjects to observe the effects of chronic maternal dehydration on pregnancy output and a cohort study that monitors infant development in the first six months of life.
Topics: Birth Weight; Body Size; Dehydration; Female; Fetal Development; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Exposure; Organism Hydration Status; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 34527228
DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.59 -
The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging Feb 2009Translate the available knowledge on ageing and dehydration into main messages for clinical practice.
OBJECTIVE
Translate the available knowledge on ageing and dehydration into main messages for clinical practice.
MAIN POINTS
Older people are more susceptible to dehydration than younger people. This is partly due to lack of thirst sensation and changes in the water and sodium balance that naturally occur as people age. It is also, to some degree, attributable to the fact that elderly people, both those living at home and those living in institutions, often have various impairments, disabilities and/or handicaps (comorbidity). They also tend to use numerous drugs and medication for these illnesses (polypharmacy). Multimorbidity and polypharmacy often overstress the normal age-related physiological changes in the water and sodium balance and therefore increase elderly people's risk of dehydration,especially during intercurrent infections or warm weather. Elderly people, whether they are living on their own or in an institution, and especially elderly people that can no longer take care of themselves because of cognitive, sensory, motor and/or ADL impairments, need extra help to stay hydrated. The most important strategy is simply a matter of ensuring that elderly people consume a sufficient amount of fluids (at least 1.7 liters every 24 hours). Additional strategies include making healthy drinks and water easily available and accessible at all times and reminding and encouraging the elderly to consume these fluids. Elderly people should not be encouraged to consume large amounts of fluids at once but rather small amounts throughout the day. When the recommended fluid intake cannot, for whatever reason, be realized, fluids can be administered via catheter or by hypodermoclysis. In more specific and severe cases, fluids can be administered intravenously.
CONCLUSION
The prevention, signaling and treatment of dehydration in the elderly is an important multidisciplinary endeavor. Formal and informal care providers need to continuously be aware of the risk factors and signs of dehydration in the elderly, especially during periods of very warm weather and when older people are ill. Standard professional care for high risk patients is imperative.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Beverages; Comorbidity; Dehydration; Drinking; Fluid Therapy; Hot Temperature; Humans; Infections; Polypharmacy; Risk Factors; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Weather
PubMed: 19214345
DOI: 10.1007/s12603-009-0023-z -
American Journal of Physiology.... Jul 2016
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Beverages; Carbonated Beverages; Dehydration; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Water
PubMed: 27280430
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00222.2016