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Nutrients Feb 2020Infancy and childhood are periods of physical and cognitive development that are vulnerable to disruption by dehydration; however, the effects of dehydration on...
Infancy and childhood are periods of physical and cognitive development that are vulnerable to disruption by dehydration; however, the effects of dehydration on cognitive development during the periods have not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the present study used a murine model to examine the effects of sustained dehydration on physical growth and cognitive development. Three-week-old C57BL/6J mice were provided either ad libitum (control group) or time-limited (15 min/day; dehydration group) access to water for 4 weeks. Physical growth was examined via a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry whole-body scan, and cognitive development was assessed using the Barnes maze test. RNA-sequencing and qPCR analyses were carried out to assess the hippocampal transcriptome and the expression of key neurotrophic factors, respectively. These analyses showed that dehydrated mice exhibited a reduced body mass and tail length, and they spent four times longer completing the Barnes maze test than control mice. Moreover, dehydration significantly dysregulated long-term potentiation signaling and specifically decreased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. Collectively, these data confirm dehydration inhibits physical growth and suggest that it impairs cognitive development by altering the hippocampal transcriptional network in young mice; thus, they highlight the importance of water as a vital nutrient for optimal growth and development during infancy and childhood.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Child; Child Development; Cognition; Dehydration; Disease Models, Animal; Hippocampus; Humans; Long-Term Potentiation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 32121420
DOI: 10.3390/nu12030670 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Apr 2023In the biosynthetic pathway of bacteriochlorophyll(BChl)-a/b/c/d/e molecules, BchF and BchV enzymes catalyze the hydration of a C3-vinyl to C3-1-hydroxyethyl group. In...
In the biosynthetic pathway of bacteriochlorophyll(BChl)-a/b/c/d/e molecules, BchF and BchV enzymes catalyze the hydration of a C3-vinyl to C3-1-hydroxyethyl group. In this study, the in vitro reactions catalyzed by BchF and BchV partially afforded a C3-epimeric mixture of the hydrated products (secondary alcohols), with the primary recovery of the C3-vinylated substrate. The stereoselectivity and substrate specificity for the in vitro reverse enzymatic dehydration were examined using zinc chlorophyll analogs as model substrates by BchF and BchV, which were obtained from extracts of Escherichia coli overexpressing the respective genes from Chlorobaculum tepidum and used without further purification. Both BchF and BchV preferred dehydration of the (3R)-epimers over the (3S)-epimers. The (3R)-epimer was directly dehydrated by BchF and BchV to give the C3-vinylated product. By contrast, two reaction pathways for BchF and BchV dehydrations of the (3S)-epimer were proposed: (1) the (3S)-epimer would be directly dehydrated to C3-vinyl group. (2) the (3S)-epimer would be epimerized to the (3R)-epimer, and the resulting epimer was dehydrated. The results indicated that both BchF and BchV did function as a hydratase/dehydratase and could play a role in the C3-epimerization. An increase in the alkyl size at the C8-position gradually suppressed the BchF and BchV-catalyzed dehydration in vitro, while the C12- and C20-methylation only slightly affected the reaction. Using the BchF dehydration, a large amount of 3-vinyl-bacteriochlorophyllide-a was successfully prepared, with the retention of the chemically labile, central magnesium atom.
Topics: Humans; Chlorophyll; Chlorobi; Substrate Specificity; Zinc; Dehydration
PubMed: 36822492
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.148959 -
British Journal of Haematology Sep 2002
Topics: Dehydration; Humans; Polycythemia
PubMed: 12199810
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.37444.x -
Nutrients Jan 2022Dehydration is common in children for physiological and behavioral reasons. The objective of this study was to assess changes in hydration status and renal impairment...
Dehydration is common in children for physiological and behavioral reasons. The objective of this study was to assess changes in hydration status and renal impairment across school weekdays. We conducted a longitudinal study of three repeated measures of urinalysis within one week in November 2019 in a child cohort in Beijing, China. We measured urine specific gravity (USG) to determine the dehydration status, and the concentration of β-microglobulin (β-MG) and microalbumin (MA) to assess renal function impairment among 1885 children with a mean age of 7.7 years old. The prevalence of dehydration was 61.9%, which was significantly higher in boys (64.3%). Using chi-square tests and linear mixed-effects regression models, we documented the trends of the renal indicators' change over time among different hydration statuses. Compared to Mondays, there were apparent increases of β-MG concentrations on Wednesdays (β = 0.029, < 0.001) and Fridays (β = 0.035, < 0.001) in the dehydrated group, but not in the euhydrated group. As for the MA concentrations, only the decrease on Fridays (β = -1.822, = 0.01) was significant in the euhydrated group. An increased trend of elevated β-MG concentration was shown in both the euhydrated group (Z = -3.33, < 0.001) and the dehydrated group (Z = -8.82, < 0.001). By contrast, there was a decreased trend of elevated MA concentrations in the euhydrated group (Z = 3.59, < 0.001) but not in the dehydrated group. A new indicator ratio, β-MG/MA, validated the consistent trends of renal function impairment in children with dehydration. Renal impairment trends worsened as a function of school days during the week and the dehydration status aggravated renal impairment during childhood across school weekdays, especially tubular abnormalities in children.
Topics: Beijing; Child; Dehydration; Female; Humans; Kidney; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Prevalence; Schools; Sex Factors; Urinalysis
PubMed: 35057516
DOI: 10.3390/nu14020335 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022Body hydration is considered one of the most important physiological parameters to measure and one of the most challenging. Current methods to assess hydration are...
Body hydration is considered one of the most important physiological parameters to measure and one of the most challenging. Current methods to assess hydration are invasive and require costly clinical settings. The bio-impedance analysis offers a noninvasive and inexpensive tool to assess hydration, and it can be designed to be used in wearable health devices. The use of wearable electronics in healthcare applications has received increased attention over the last decade. New, emerging medical devices feature continuous patient monitoring and data collection to provide suitable treatment and preventive actions. In this paper, a model of human skin is developed and simulated to be used as a guide to designing a dehydration monitoring system based on a bio-impedance analysis technique. The study investigates the effect of applying different frequencies on the dielectric parameters of the skin and the resulting measured impedance. Two different interdigitated electrode designs are presented, and a comparison of the measurements is presented. The rectangular IDE is printed and tested on subjects to validate the bio-impedance method and study the interpretation of its results. The proposed design offers a classification criterion that can be used to assess dehydration without the need for a complex mathematical model. Further clinical testing and data are needed to refine and finalize the criteria.
Topics: Dehydration; Electric Impedance; Electrodes; Electronics; Humans; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 36080808
DOI: 10.3390/s22176350 -
Journal of the National Medical... Oct 1987Dehydration is the most common fluid and electrolyte problem among the elderly. The usual causes of water loss are frequently absent in dehydrated elderly patients.... (Review)
Review
Dehydration is the most common fluid and electrolyte problem among the elderly. The usual causes of water loss are frequently absent in dehydrated elderly patients. Age-related changes in total body water, thirst perception, renal concentrating ability, and vasopressin effectiveness probably predispose to dehydration. Dehydration related to infection, high-protein tube feedings, cerebral vascular accidents, and medication-related hypodypsia are particularly relevant for elderly patients. Appropriate treatment depends on accurately assessing the water deficit and slowly correcting that deficit.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Dehydration; Humans; Water Loss, Insensible
PubMed: 3316670
DOI: No ID Found -
Nanoscale Dec 2022Phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid bilayers at surfaces massively reduce sliding friction, the hydration lubrication mechanism acting at their highly-hydrated...
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid bilayers at surfaces massively reduce sliding friction, the hydration lubrication mechanism acting at their highly-hydrated phosphocholine headgroups, a central paradigm of biological lubrication, particularly at articular cartilage surfaces where low friction is crucial for joint well-being. Nanotribological measurements probed the effect on such lubrication of dehydration by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), known to strongly dehydrate the phosphocholine headgroups of such PC bilayers, reduce the thickness of the inter-bilayer water layer, and thus expected to substantially degrade the hydration lubrication. Remarkably, and unexpectedly, we found that the dehydration has little effect on the friction. We used several approaches, including atomic force microscopy, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate this. Our results show that while DMSO clearly removes hydration water from the lipid head-groups, this is offset by both higher areal head-group density and by rigidity-enhancement of the lipid bilayers, both of which act to reduce frictional dissipation. This sheds strong light on the robustness of lipid-based hydration lubrication in biological systems, despite the ubiquitous presence of bio-osmolytes which compete for hydration water.
Topics: Humans; Lubrication; Lipid Bilayers; Phosphorylcholine; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Dehydration; Phosphatidylcholines; Water
PubMed: 36468753
DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04799c -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2020Diarrhoea contributes significantly to the under-five childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. This cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital...
Diarrhoea contributes significantly to the under-five childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. This cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Ujjain, India from July 2015 to June 2016. Consecutive children aged 1 month to 12 years having "some dehydration" and "dehydration" according to World Health Organization classification were eligible to be included in the study. Other signs and symptoms used to assess severe dehydration were capillary refill time, urine output, and abnormal respiratory pattern. A questionnaire was administered to identify risk factors for severe dehydration, which was the primary outcome. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to detect independent risk factors for severe dehydration. The study included 332 children, with mean ± standard deviation age of 25.62 ± 31.85 months; out of which, 70% (95% confidence interval [CI] 65 to 75) were diagnosed to have severe dehydration. The independent risk factors for severe dehydration were: child not exclusive breastfed in the first six months of life (AOR 5.67, 95%CI 2.51 to 12.78; < 0.001), history of not receiving oral rehydration solution before hospitalization (AOR 1.34, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.78; = 0.038), history of not receiving oral zinc before hospitalization (AOR 2.66, 95%CI 1.68 to 4.21; < 0.001) and living in overcrowded conditions (AOR 5.52, 95%CI 2.19 to 13.93; < 0.001). The study identified many risk factors associated with severe childhood dehydration; many of them are modifiable though known and effective public health interventions.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dehydration; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Incidence; India; Infant; Logistic Models; Male; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31963644
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020616 -
Nutrients Jun 2021Due to multifactorial reasons, such as decreased thirst and decreased total body water, elderly patients are vulnerable to dehydration. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)...
Due to multifactorial reasons, such as decreased thirst and decreased total body water, elderly patients are vulnerable to dehydration. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia increase the risk of dehydration and, in turn, dehydration decreases cognitive performance. The study aims to identify and assess differences in hydration status, taking into account patients' drug treatment and diseases, using bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), thereby revealing unfavorable aspects of prognosis. 447 geriatric patients (241 women, 206 men) including information on medication and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were investigated, which allowed studying the association between 40 drugs and the hydration status. First, patients were divided into disease groups. Renal disease and diuretic treatment were significantly different in both sexes, whereas cardiovascular patients differed exclusively for females. Next, drug enrichment was examined in either hyperhydrated or dehydrated patients. Simvastatin, candesartan, bisoprolol, amlodipine, olmesartan, furosemide, torasemide, allopurinol, mirtazapine, pantoprazole, cholecalciferol, and resveratrol showed enrichment depending on hydration status. This study demonstrated that patients can be differentiated and stratified by BIVA, taking into account medication and disease associated with hydration status. Although patients diagnosed with MCI and therefore treated with resveratrol, BIVA still showed evaluated dehydration. This is unfavorable in terms of prognosis and requires special attention.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Composition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dehydration; Female; Geriatrics; Humans; Male; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Organism Hydration Status; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 34199738
DOI: 10.3390/nu13061929 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Feb 2014Age-related physiological changes predispose even the healthy older adult to fluid and electrolyte abnormalities which can cause morbidity and mortality. The aim of this... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Age-related physiological changes predispose even the healthy older adult to fluid and electrolyte abnormalities which can cause morbidity and mortality. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight key aspects of age-related pathophysiological changes that affect fluid and electrolyte balance in older adults and underpin their importance in the perioperative period.
METHODS
The Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using key terms for relevant studies published in English on fluid balance in older adults during the 15 years preceding June 2013. Randomised controlled trials and large cohort studies were sought; other studies were used when these were not available. The bibliographies of extracted papers were also searched for relevant articles.
RESULTS
Older adults are susceptible to dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities, with causes ranging from physical disability restricting access to fluid intake to iatrogenic causes including polypharmacy and unmonitored diuretic usage. Renal senescence, as well as physical and mental decline, increase this susceptibility. Older adults are also predisposed to water retention and related electrolyte abnormalities, exacerbated at times of physiological stress. Positive fluid balance has been shown to be an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.
CONCLUSIONS
Age-related pathophysiological changes in the handling of fluid and electrolytes make older adults undergoing surgery a high-risk group and an understanding of these changes will enable better management of fluid and electrolyte therapy in the older adult.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Aging; Cognition Disorders; Critical Illness; Dehydration; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Kidney; Perioperative Period; Risk Factors; Thirst; Water-Electrolyte Balance
PubMed: 24308897
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.11.010