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Cell Jun 2013Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to death. This deterioration is the... (Review)
Review
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to death. This deterioration is the primary risk factor for major human pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Aging research has experienced an unprecedented advance over recent years, particularly with the discovery that the rate of aging is controlled, at least to some extent, by genetic pathways and biochemical processes conserved in evolution. This Review enumerates nine tentative hallmarks that represent common denominators of aging in different organisms, with special emphasis on mammalian aging. These hallmarks are: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. A major challenge is to dissect the interconnectedness between the candidate hallmarks and their relative contributions to aging, with the final goal of identifying pharmaceutical targets to improve human health during aging, with minimal side effects.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Cellular Senescence; Epigenesis, Genetic; Genomic Instability; Humans; Telomere
PubMed: 23746838
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039 -
American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 2016What began as a National Geographic expedition, lead by Dan Buettner, to uncover the secrets of longevity, evolved into the discovery of the 5 places around the world... (Review)
Review
What began as a National Geographic expedition, lead by Dan Buettner, to uncover the secrets of longevity, evolved into the discovery of the 5 places around the world where people consistently live over 100 years old, dubbed the Blue Zones. Dan and his team of demographers, scientist and anthropologists were able to distill the evidence-based common denominators of these Blue Zones into 9 commonalities that they call the Power 9. They have since taken these principles into communities across the United States working with policy makers, local businesses, schools and individuals to shape the environments of the Blue Zones Project Communities. What has been found is that putting the responsibility of curating a healthy environment on an individual does not work, but through policy and environmental changes the Blue Zones Project Communities have been able to increase life expectancy, reduce obesity and make the healthy choice the easy choice for millions of Americans.
PubMed: 30202288
DOI: 10.1177/1559827616637066 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Feb 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Female; Child Health; Fossil Fuels; Climate Change; Air Pollution
PubMed: 36069123
DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14408 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Inflammation and a dysregulated immune system are common denominators of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Immuno-cardio-oncology addresses the interconnected... (Review)
Review
Inflammation and a dysregulated immune system are common denominators of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Immuno-cardio-oncology addresses the interconnected immunological aspect in both cancer and CVD and the integration of immunotherapies and anti-inflammatory therapies in both distinct disease entities. Building on prominent examples of convergent inflammation (IL-1ß biology) and immune disbalance (CD20 cells) in cancer and CVD/heart failure, the review tackles both the roadblocks and opportunities of repurposed use of IL-1ß drugs and anti-CD20 antibodies in both fields, and discusses the use of advanced therapies e.g. chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, that can address the raising burden of both cancer and CVD. Finally, it is discussed how inspired by precision medicine in oncology, the use of biomarker-driven patient stratification is needed to better guide anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory therapeutic interventions in cardiology.
Topics: Humans; Medical Oncology; Heart; Immunotherapy; Cardiovascular Diseases; Inflammation
PubMed: 36466820
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018772 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Mar 2019Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease, which is associated with a range of comorbid conditions, for which chronic low-grade inflammation is a... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease, which is associated with a range of comorbid conditions, for which chronic low-grade inflammation is a common pathogenetic denominator. This review provides a summary of the current evidence on comorbitidy of periodontitis and highlights some of the potential clinical implications.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Comorbidity; Humans; Inflammation; Periodontitis
PubMed: 30935457
DOI: No ID Found -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2018Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the most important infectious diseases of cattle with respect to animal health and economic impact. Its stealthy nature, prolonged... (Review)
Review
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the most important infectious diseases of cattle with respect to animal health and economic impact. Its stealthy nature, prolonged transient infections, and the presence of persistently infected (PI) animals as efficient reservoirs were responsible for its ubiquitous presence in cattle populations worldwide. Whereas it was initially thought that the infection was impossible to control, effective systematic control strategies have emerged over the last 25 years. The common denominators of all successful control programs were systematic control, removal of PI animals, movement controls for infected herds, strict biosecurity, and surveillance. Scandinavian countries, Austria, and Switzerland successfully implemented these control programs without using vaccination. Vaccination as an optional and additional control tool was used by e.g., Germany, Belgium, Ireland, and Scotland. The economic benefits of BVD control programs had been assessed in different studies.
PubMed: 29518049
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7010029 -
Journal of Biosciences 2023The past few decades have seen a rise in research on vertebrate cilia and ciliopathy, with interesting collaborations between basic and clinical scientists. This work... (Review)
Review
The past few decades have seen a rise in research on vertebrate cilia and ciliopathy, with interesting collaborations between basic and clinical scientists. This work includes studies on ciliary architecture, composition, evolution, and organelle generation and its biological role. The human body has cells that harbour any of the following four types of cilia: 9+0 motile, 9+0 immotile, 9+2 motile, and 9+2 immotile. Depending on the type, cilia play an important role in cell/fluid movement, mating, sensory perception, and development. Defects in cilia are associated with a wide range of human diseases afflicting the brain, heart, kidneys, respiratory tract, and reproductive system. These are commonly known as ciliopathies and affect millions of people worldwide. Due to their complex genetic etiology, diagnosis and therapy have remained elusive. Although model organisms like have been a useful source for ciliary research, reports of a fascinating and rewarding translation of this research into mammalian systems, especially humans, are seen. The current review peeks into one of the complex features of this organelle, namely its birth, the common denominators across the formation of both 9+0 and 9+2 ciliary types, the molecules involved in ciliogenesis, and the steps that go towards regulating their assembly and disassembly.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Cilia; Ciliopathies; Cell Movement; Organelles; Cell Communication; Mammals
PubMed: 36924208
DOI: 10.1007/s12038-023-00326-6 -
Cancers Oct 2022Endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent a group of heterogeneous malignancies that have endocrine cell onset as a common denominator [...].
Endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent a group of heterogeneous malignancies that have endocrine cell onset as a common denominator [...].
PubMed: 36291777
DOI: 10.3390/cancers14204994 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are associated with more diseases than any other region of the genome. Highly polymorphic HLA genes produce variable haplotypes that... (Review)
Review
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are associated with more diseases than any other region of the genome. Highly polymorphic HLA genes produce variable haplotypes that are specifically correlated with pathogenically different autoimmunities. Despite differing etiologies, however, many autoimmune disorders share the same risk-associated HLA haplotypes often resulting in comorbidity. This shared risk remains an unanswered question in the field. Yet, several groups have revealed links between gut microbial community composition and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity is frequently associated with dysbiosis, resulting in loss of barrier function and permeability of tight junctions, which increases HLA class II expression levels and thus further influences the composition of the gut microbiome. However, autoimmune-risk-associated HLA haplotypes are connected to gut dysbiosis long before autoimmunity even begins. This review evaluates current research on the HLA-microbiome-autoimmunity triplex and proposes that pre-autoimmune bacterial dysbiosis in the gut is an important determinant between autoimmune comorbidities with systemic inflammation as a common denominator.
Topics: Humans; HLA-DQ Antigens; Dysbiosis; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Autoimmune Diseases; HLA Antigens; Comorbidity
PubMed: 37828987
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270488 -
Canine Genetics and Epidemiology 2014Effective canine health surveillance systems can be used to monitor disease in the general population, prioritise disorders for strategic control and focus clinical... (Review)
Review
Effective canine health surveillance systems can be used to monitor disease in the general population, prioritise disorders for strategic control and focus clinical research, and to evaluate the success of these measures. The key attributes for optimal data collection systems that support canine disease surveillance are representativeness of the general population, validity of disorder data and sustainability. Limitations in these areas present as selection bias, misclassification bias and discontinuation of the system respectively. Canine health data sources are reviewed to identify their strengths and weaknesses for supporting effective canine health surveillance. Insurance data benefit from large and well-defined denominator populations but are limited by selection bias relating to the clinical events claimed and animals covered. Veterinary referral clinical data offer good reliability for diagnoses but are limited by referral bias for the disorders and animals included. Primary-care practice data have the advantage of excellent representation of the general dog population and recording at the point of care by veterinary professionals but may encounter misclassification problems and technical difficulties related to management and analysis of large datasets. Questionnaire surveys offer speed and low cost but may suffer from low response rates, poor data validation, recall bias and ill-defined denominator population information. Canine health scheme data benefit from well-characterised disorder and animal data but reflect selection bias during the voluntary submissions process. Formal UK passive surveillance systems are limited by chronic under-reporting and selection bias. It is concluded that active collection systems using secondary health data provide the optimal resource for canine health surveillance.
PubMed: 26401319
DOI: 10.1186/2052-6687-1-2