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Journal of Nanobiotechnology Jan 2019Dental caries is a recognized worldwide public health problem. Despite being one of the most effective strategies against dental caries, the excessive use of fluorine... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is a recognized worldwide public health problem. Despite being one of the most effective strategies against dental caries, the excessive use of fluorine may result in a potential risk of developing dental fluorosis especially in children under age of six. The purpose of this work is to analyze a fluorine-free toothpaste containing Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite to assess enamel re-mineralizing and repairing properties.
RESULTS
The study was performed in vitro and in vivo, comparing the hydroxyapatite toothpaste with two others toothpaste containing different fluorine concentrations. The coating effect of the micro-structured Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles reintegrates the enamel with a biomimetic film reproducing the structure and the morphology of the biologic Hydroxyapatite of the enamel. As demonstrated, the coating is due to the deposit of a new layer of apatite, which presents fewer particles than the natural enamel, not based on the chemical-physical changes occurring in fluorinated toothpastes. Moreover, it shows resistance to brushing as a consequence of chemical bonds between the synthetic and natural crystals of the enamel.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite toothpastes has proven to be a valuable prevention measure against dental caries in primary dentition since it prevents the risk of fluorosis.
Topics: Biomimetics; Child; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Durapatite; Fluorides; Humans; Streptococcus mutans; Tooth Remineralization; Tooth, Deciduous; Toothpastes
PubMed: 30683113
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0454-6 -
F1000Research 2019Tooth whitening usually includes the direct use of gels containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide on the tooth enamel surface through a wide variety of products...
Tooth whitening usually includes the direct use of gels containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide on the tooth enamel surface through a wide variety of products formulas. A generally new advancement in whitening of teeth uses the significant importance of the tooth color shift from yellow to blue in delivering a general enhancement in the observation of tooth whiteness. The aim of the current work was to measure the tooth whitening effects, surface roughness and enamel morphology of six different types of blue covarine-containing and blue covarine-free toothpastes using in vitro models. A total of 70 sound extracted human premolars were randomly and equally divided into seven groups, and each subjected to tooth brushing using different toothpastes. Tooth color and enamel surface roughness were measured before and after the brushing procedure using a white light interferometer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess tooth surface after the procedure. Toothpaste containing blue covarine resulted in the greatest improvement in tooth color amongst all groups as well as a statistically significant color difference when compared to blue covarine-free toothpaste. Furthermore, blue covarine-containing toothpaste resulted in fewer morphological changes to the enamel surface. This was confirmed with SEM images that showed smooth enamel surfaces with fine scratches. The results from the present study show that blue covarine containing toothpastes are reliable, effective in tooth whitening and produce less surface abrasion when compared to blue covarine-free toothpastes.
Topics: Coloring Agents; Dental Enamel; Humans; Tooth; Tooth Bleaching; Toothpastes
PubMed: 31839926
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20811.1 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Nov 2010The objective of this paper was to review the published evidence concerning the efficacy and potential for adverse reactions of modern dentifrices toothpastes. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this paper was to review the published evidence concerning the efficacy and potential for adverse reactions of modern dentifrices toothpastes.
DATA SOURCES
Publications cited on MEDLINE since 1990. Some further pre-1990 publications are also referenced.
DATA SELECTION
Studies concerning the efficacy of dentifrices and their components and any related putative adverse incidents.
DATA EXTRACTION
Papers were scrutinised for scientific and trial data.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Data concerning the efficacy of dentifrice components were summarised.
CONCLUSIONS
The efficacy of fluoride salts in dentifrices in reducing dental caries is well established. Toothpastes, containing triclosan, are effective in improving plaque control, gingivitis and periodontal health. Other toothpaste formulations are effective in reducing the formation of calculus, extrinsic tooth stain, dentine sensitivity and oral malodour. The consumer now has available a range of toothpastes which deliver oral health benefits. Adverse reactions to toothpastes are rare but should be considered in unexplained skin or respiratory allergies and gingival or lip lesions.
Topics: Dentifrices
PubMed: 20711129
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.15.e976 -
PloS One 2022In home care, the toothpaste technique, which can enhance the caries-preventive effect without changing the amount of dentifrice and fluoride ion concentration, is of...
In home care, the toothpaste technique, which can enhance the caries-preventive effect without changing the amount of dentifrice and fluoride ion concentration, is of great significance. This study aimed to construct a model and experimental system that reproduces the interdental part and to clarify the relationship between the change in dentifrice viscosity due to dilution and washout in the high-risk approximal area of caries. Additionally, the effectiveness of the toothpaste technique and appropriate devices for delivering dentifrice to the interdental area at a low dilution were investigated. Diluted toothpaste samples were prepared (: ×1.00, ×1.25, ×1.50, ×1.75, ×2.00, ×3.00, and ×4.00). An acrylic interproximal model was created for this experiment. The flow characteristics and viscosity by dentifrice dilution were measured. In the case of low dilution of 57% (1.75×) or more, it was shown that the dentifrice in the high-risk area may be washed out early because of the decrease in viscosity, and the caries-preventive effect may be reduced. It was also suggested that to keep the dentifrice in the interdental area for 120 s at the end of brushing, a dilution must be devised to a concentration of at least 50% (2.00×). The prepared toothpaste delivery (PTD) method of delivering dentifrice to the interdental area while maintaining it at a low dilution is an effective toothpaste technique in terms of dentifrice dilution and viscosity. The use of finger brushes in the PTD method could increase the efficiency of dentifrice delivery.
Topics: Dentifrices; Fluorides; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Sodium Fluoride; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes
PubMed: 36251665
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276227 -
Microbiome Sep 2022Tooth decay is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, and efficient tooth brushing with a fluoride-containing dentifrice is considered fundamental to caries...
BACKGROUND
Tooth decay is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, and efficient tooth brushing with a fluoride-containing dentifrice is considered fundamental to caries prevention. Fluoride-containing dentifrices have been extensively studied in relation to enamel resistance to demineralization. Arginine (Arg) has also been proposed as a promising prebiotic to promote pH buffering through ammonia production. Here, we present the first metagenomic (DNA sequencing of the whole microbial community) and metatranscriptomic (RNAseq of the same community) analyses of human dental plaque to evaluate the effect of brushing with fluoride (Fl) and a Fl+Arg containing dentifrices on oral microbial composition and activity. Fifty-three patients were enrolled in a longitudinal clinical intervention study with two arms, including 26 caries-active and 27 caries-free adults. After a minimum 1-week washout period, dental plaque samples were collected at this post-washout baseline, 3 months after the use of a 1450-ppm fluoride dentifrice, and after 6 months of using a 1450-ppm fluoride with 1.5% arginine dentifrice.
RESULTS
There was a shift in both the composition and activity of the plaque microbiome after 3 months of brushing with the fluoride-containing toothpaste compared to the samples collected at the 1-week post-washout period, both for caries-active and caries-free sites. Although several caries-associated bacteria were reduced, there was also an increase in several health- and periodontitis-associated bacteria. Over 400 genes changed proportion in the metagenome, and between 180 and 300 genes changed their expression level depending on whether caries-free or caries-active sites were analyzed. The metagenome and metatranscriptome also changed after the subjects brushed with the Fl+Arg dentifrice. There was a further decrease of both caries- and periodontitis-associated organisms. In both caries-free and caries-active sites, a decrease of genes from the arginine biosynthesis pathway was also observed, in addition to an increase in the expression of genes associated with the arginine deiminase pathway, which catabolizes arginine into ammonia, thereby buffering acidic pH. Bacterial richness and diversity were not affected by either of the two treatments in the two arms of the study.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data demonstrate that long-term use of both assayed dentifrices changes the bacterial composition and functional profiles of human dental plaque towards a healthier microbial community, both in caries-free and caries-active sites. This observation was especially apparent for the Fl+Arg dentifrice. Thus, we conclude that the preventive benefits of tooth brushing go beyond the physical removal of dental plaque and that the active ingredients formulated within dentifrices have a positive effect not only on enamel chemistry but also on the metabolism of oral microbial populations. Video Abstract.
Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Arginine; Bacteria; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Dentifrices; Double-Blind Method; Fluorides; Humans; Metagenome; Microbiota; Periodontitis; Phosphates; Tooth Remineralization; Toothpastes
PubMed: 36171634
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01338-4 -
International Journal of Dental Hygiene Nov 2021To test the effectiveness of a dentifrice containing the turmeric and licorice extract compared to a control for preventing plaque and gingivitis over a four-month... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To test the effectiveness of a dentifrice containing the turmeric and licorice extract compared to a control for preventing plaque and gingivitis over a four-month period.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Ninety (non-dental) participants with moderate gingival inflammation (≥ 40%) were selected. The triple blind study consisted of two phases, namely at first a 3-week pre-experimental phase of using an oxygenating and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse. Secondly, a 4-month experimental period in which participants were randomly assigned to a test or control group. All were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily for 2 minutes with their assigned dentifrice. Gingival bleeding (BI), plaque (PI) and gingivitis (GI) were assessed.
RESULTS
Eighty participants completed the protocol. At the first assessment in the pre-experimental phase, the mean scores of all indices showed no differences for the two groups. At the second session, the values of all three parameters had decreased significantly (p < 0.001). At the last session, the BI values were 0.52(0.25) for the test group and 0.56(0.25) for the control, the mean GI was 0.27(0.17) for the test group and 0.31(0.16) for the control, and for PI the scores were 1.89(0.46) for the test group and 1.98(0.43) for the control group. Statistical comparison of the scores for the two groups at each stage of the study showed no significant difference for any of the parameters.
CONCLUSION
Within the limits of the current study design, dentifrice formulation and concentration of turmeric/licorice extracts, the results show that the adjuvant effect of the natural ingredients in the test dentifrice was not evident on clinical parameters of gingivitis and plaque.
Topics: Dental Plaque Index; Dentifrices; Double-Blind Method; Gingivitis; Humans; Periodontal Index
PubMed: 33991392
DOI: 10.1111/idh.12517 -
Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry Nov 2022To determine the salivary flow rate and subsequent dilution of toothpaste and assess the pH of oral fluids during toothbrushing with toothpastes of various pHs. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
PURPOSE
To determine the salivary flow rate and subsequent dilution of toothpaste and assess the pH of oral fluids during toothbrushing with toothpastes of various pHs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was conducted as an in-vivo trial involving 30 healthy volunteers. The participants took part in a series of trials distributed over four appointments. After a screening check, in which the participants' stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate and buffering capacities were determined, four test series involving toothbrushing were conducted. Participants brushed their teeth using a manual toothbrush for 2 min: once without toothpaste and three times using toothpastes of varying pHs. The salivary flow rate and subsequent dilution of the toothpaste was determined. Additionally, the pH of the collected oral fluid was analysed.
RESULTS
Brushing teeth with toothpaste caused a statistically significant increase in salivary flow rate (median/IQR in ml/min) (Elmex Kariesschutz 3.29/1.36, Colgate Total Original 3.23/1.08, Elmex Sensitive Professional 3.18/1.39) when compared to brushing teeth using a manual toothbrush without toothpaste (1.85/0.78) (p < 0.05). The variation in pH of the oral fluid samples was dictated primarily by the pH of the toothpaste used.
CONCLUSION
The salivary flow rate when brushing using toothpaste was similar across all tested toothpastes, independent of pH, and had an average median of 3.23 ml/min. The dilution of 1 g of toothpaste during a standard toothbrushing procedure of 2 min is therefore approximately at a ratio of one part toothpaste to 6.5 parts saliva.
Topics: Humans; Diamines; Fluorides; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes
PubMed: 36416604
DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b3601691 -
Periodontology 2000 Feb 2019This paper focuses on plaque control and the management of gingivitis in adults and summarizes the evidence of commercially available dentifrices as gathered from... (Review)
Review
This paper focuses on plaque control and the management of gingivitis in adults and summarizes the evidence of commercially available dentifrices as gathered from existing systematic reviews. Three internet sources were used to search for appropriate papers (up to and including February 2017). The search strategy was designed to include any systematic review published on dentifrices that also included an evaluation of plaque and gingivitis scores. Characteristics of the individual reviews, such as methodological aspects, quantitative data and conclusions, were extracted. The potential risk of bias was estimated and the acquired evidence was graded. Independent screening of 205 unique reviews resulted in 10 published and eligible systematic reviews. One publication evaluated the mechanical contribution of dentifrice to plaque removal. Eight papers were identified that evaluated the efficacy of a proposed single active ingredients, of which two reviewed more than one potentially active ingredient. One study compared two active ingredients. This meta-review appraised the current state of evidence and found that toothbrushing with a standard fluoride dentifrice does not provide an added effect for the mechanical removal of dental plaque. Evidence suggests that compared with a standard dentifrice, those containing triclosan or stannous fluoride have benefits with respect to gingival health and control of dental plaque.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Dental Plaque; Dentifrices; Double-Blind Method; Gingivitis; Humans; Periodontal Index
PubMed: 30892760
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12257 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Sep 2023The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) affirms that the use of fluoride, as an adjunct in the prevention of caries, is safe and effective. The AAPD...
The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) affirms that the use of fluoride, as an adjunct in the prevention of caries, is safe and effective. The AAPD encourages dentists, other healthcare providers, and parents to optimize fluoride exposures to reduce the risk of caries and to enhance the remineralization of affected teeth. However, there is resistance amongst patients towards fluoride overexposure and despite there being research on other effective remineralizing agents, most pediatric dentists primarily cater their practice to fluoride-based products. The objective of the study is to survey pediatric dentists' acceptance and awareness of fluoride-free remineralizing agents. A listserv of the southeastern and western private practice pediatric dentists was obtained from the AAPD consisting of 6490 email addresses. A questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was sent to each address using Qualtrics. Different trends in fluoride-free acceptance and awareness were seen based on region of practice, region of training and age of practitioner. Region of practice, residency training and age can be contributing factors toward fluoride-free remineralizing agent opinion. The data gathered trends towards western-trained pediatric dentists are more likely to recommend a fluoride-free toothpaste than a southeastern-trained dentist.
Topics: Child; Humans; Toothpastes; Dentists; Fluorides; Dental Care; Dental Caries; Private Practice
PubMed: 37732439
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.055 -
Journal (Canadian Dental Association) May 2003Decisions concerning use of fluoride in its many forms for caries prevention are more complicated now than in the past because of the need to balance these benefits with... (Review)
Review
Decisions concerning use of fluoride in its many forms for caries prevention are more complicated now than in the past because of the need to balance these benefits with the risks of dental fluorosis. This article reviews pertinent literature concerning dental fluorosis (definition, appearance, prevalence), pre- and post-eruptive use of fluoride, esthetic perceptions of dental fluorosis, fluoride levels of beverages and foods, the Iowa Fluoride Study, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's "Recommendations for Using Fluoride to Prevent and Control Dental Caries in the United States." Water fluoridation and use of fluoride dentifrice are the most efficient and cost-effective ways to prevent dental caries; other modalities should be targeted toward high-risk individuals.
Topics: Canada; Cariostatic Agents; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dentifrices; Dietary Supplements; Esthetics, Dental; Fluoridation; Fluorides; Fluorosis, Dental; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Iowa; Mouthwashes; United States
PubMed: 12734021
DOI: No ID Found