-
Current Neuropharmacology 2015Depression, also called major depressive disorder, is a neuropsychiatric disorder jeopardizing an increasing number of the population worldwide. To date, a large number... (Review)
Review
Depression, also called major depressive disorder, is a neuropsychiatric disorder jeopardizing an increasing number of the population worldwide. To date, a large number of studies have devoted great attention to this problematic condition and raised several hypotheses of depression. Based on these theories, many antidepressant drugs were developed for the treatment of depression. Yet, the depressed patients are often refractory to the antidepressant therapies. Recently, increasing experimental evidences demonstrated the effects of calorie restriction in neuroendocrine system and in depression. Both basic and clinical investigations indicated that short-term calorie restriction might induce an antidepressant efficacy in depression, providing a novel avenue for treatment. Molecular basis underlying the antidepressant actions of calorie restriction might involve multiple physiological processes, primarily including orexin signaling activation, increased CREB phosphorylation and neurotrophic effects, release of endorphin and ketone production. However, the effects of chronic calorie restriction were quite controversial, in the cases that it often resulted in the long-term detrimental effects via inhibiting the function of 5-HT system and decreasing leptin levels. Here we review such dual effects of calorie restriction in depression and potential molecular basis behind these effects, especially focusing on antidepressant effects.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Caloric Restriction; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Neuropeptides
PubMed: 26412073
DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150326003852 -
Cancer Medicine Aug 2021There is limited data on the longitudinal trajectories of psychiatric disorders in children with cancer and risk factors for their persistence. The current study aimed... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
There is limited data on the longitudinal trajectories of psychiatric disorders in children with cancer and risk factors for their persistence. The current study aimed to longitudinally assess the trajectories and risk factors for anxiety and depressive symptoms and disorders in children and adolescents with cancer.
METHODS
Children and adolescents with cancer and their parents completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Depression and Anxiety Module and were interviewed by the semi-structured Affective and Anxiety Modules of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS), at 4 time points, 1, 4, 7, and 12 months following the diagnosis of cancer.
RESULTS
Of the 99 patients enrolled, 48% met criteria for anxiety and/or depressive disorders at least once during the follow-up period. There was a significant decrease in PROMIS pediatric and parent anxiety and depression scores (all p's < 0.01) and in the rate of depressive disorders over time (p = 0.02), while rates of anxiety disorders remained stable. Anxiety PROMIS pediatric and parent scores at baseline, having brain tumors and being in the acute treatment phase significantly predicted the presences of anxiety disorders at endpoint.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results highlight the importance of screening for anxiety and disorders in children with cancer, especially among those with brain tumors and at the acute phase of treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Child; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Neoplasms; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 34309238
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4100 -
American Family Physician Nov 2000Depression among children and adolescents is common but frequently unrecognized. It affects 2 percent of prepubertal children and 5 to 8 percent of adolescents. The... (Review)
Review
Depression among children and adolescents is common but frequently unrecognized. It affects 2 percent of prepubertal children and 5 to 8 percent of adolescents. The clinical spectrum of the disease can range from simple sadness to a major depressive or bipolar disorder. Risk factors include a family history of depression and poor school performance. Evaluation should include a complete medical assessment to rule out underlying medical causes. A structured clinical interview and various rating scales such as the Pediatric Symptom Checklist are helpful in determining whether a child or adolescent is depressed. Evidence-based treatment guidelines from the literature are limited. Psychotherapy appears to be useful in most children and adolescents with mild to moderate depression. Tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are medical therapies that have been studied on a limited basis. The latter agents are better tolerated but not necessarily more efficacious. Because the risk of school failure and suicide is quite high in depressed children and adolescents, prompt referral or close collaboration with a mental health professional is often necessary.
Topics: Adolescent; Antidepressive Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Child; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Patient Education as Topic; Psychology, Adolescent; Psychology, Child; Referral and Consultation; Risk Factors; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Teaching Materials
PubMed: 11126856
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Head Trauma... 2018This scoping review aimed to summarize the existing knowledge base regarding depression and depressive symptoms in pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to identify... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This scoping review aimed to summarize the existing knowledge base regarding depression and depressive symptoms in pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to identify gaps in the literature in an effort to guide future research.
METHODS
MEDLINE Ovid and PsycINFO Ovid databases were each searched by the authors using search terms intended to identify any original research study that examined depressive symptoms in children (ie, aged 0-18 years) with TBI.
RESULTS
A total of 14 published studies were included in the review. The studies included examined the prevalence of depression, risk factors associated with depression, and depression as a predictor of other TBI-related outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Existing research suggests that depressive symptoms are more common in a TBI population than in a healthy or orthopedically injured population. Injury-related factors such as lesions in the brain and the presence of pain, as well as noninjury factors such as older age at injury and low socioeconomic status, may be predictive of depressive symptoms. Depression is likely a secondary outcome of pediatric TBI rather than a direct result of the injury itself. Overall, a relative dearth of research exists on this topic; thus, the review concludes by proposing future research directions.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Distribution; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Child; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Incidence; Injury Severity Score; Male; Pediatrics; Prognosis; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Distribution
PubMed: 28926485
DOI: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000343 -
Psychological Medicine Feb 2022Inflammation and metabolic dysregulation are age-related physiological changes and are associated with depressive disorder. We tried to identify subgroups of depressed...
BACKGROUND
Inflammation and metabolic dysregulation are age-related physiological changes and are associated with depressive disorder. We tried to identify subgroups of depressed older patients based on their metabolic-inflammatory profile and examined the course of depression for these subgroups.
METHODS
This clinical cohort study was conducted in a sample of 364 depressed older (⩾60 years) patients according to DSM-IV criteria. Severity of depressive symptoms was monitored every 6 months and a formal diagnostic interview repeated at 2-year follow-up. Latent class analyses based on baseline metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers were performed. Adjusted for confounders, we compared remission of depression at 2-year follow-up between the metabolic-inflammatory subgroups with logistic regression and the course of depression severity over 2-years by linear mixed models.
RESULTS
We identified a 'healthy' subgroup (n = 181, 49.7%) and five subgroups characterized by different profiles of metabolic-inflammatory dysregulation. Compared to the healthy subgroup, patients in the subgroup with mild 'metabolic and inflammatory dysregulation' (n = 137, 37.6%) had higher depressive symptom scores, a lower rate of improvement in the first year, and were less likely to be remitted after 2-years [OR 0.49 (95% CI 0.26-0.91)]. The four smaller subgroups characterized by a more specific immune-inflammatory dysregulation profile did not differ from the two main subgroups regarding the course of depression.
CONCLUSIONS
Nearly half of the patients with late-life depressions suffer from metabolic-inflammatory dysregulation, which is also associated with more severe depression and a worse prognosis. Future studies should examine whether these depressed older patients benefit from a metabolic-inflammatory targeted treatment.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 32618234
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291720002159 -
Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive... 2013The interest in the relation between coping and depression in older persons is growing, but research on the concepts and instruments of coping in relation to depression... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND/AIMS
The interest in the relation between coping and depression in older persons is growing, but research on the concepts and instruments of coping in relation to depression among older persons is scarce and systematic reviews are lacking. With this background, we wanted to gain a systematic overview of this field by performing a systematic literature search.
METHODS
A computer-aided search in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, PubMed and www.salutogenesis.fi was conducted. We systematically searched for studies including coping and depression among persons 60 years of age and above. The included studies were evaluated according to predefined quality criteria.
RESULTS
Seventy-five studies, 38 clinical and 37 community settings, were included. Of these, 44 were evaluated to be of higher quality. Studies recruiting samples of older persons with a major depressive disorder, moderate or severe cognitive impairment or those who were dependent on care were scarce, thus the research is not representative of such samples. We found a huge variety of instruments assessing resources and strategies of coping (55 inventories). Although we found the relation between resources and strategies of coping and depression to be strong in the majority of studies, i.e. a higher sense of control and internal locus of control, more active strategies and positive religious coping were significantly associated with fewer symptoms of depression both in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies in clinical and community settings.
CONCLUSION
Resources and strategies of coping are significantly associated with depressive symptoms in late life, but more research to systematize the field of coping and to validate the instruments of resources and strategies of coping in older populations is required, especially among older persons suffering from major depression and cognitive decline.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Aged; Aging; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male
PubMed: 23392253
DOI: 10.1159/000346633 -
PloS One 2022This research investigates whether thinking about the consequences of a problem being resolved can improve social problem-solving in clinical depression. We also explore...
This research investigates whether thinking about the consequences of a problem being resolved can improve social problem-solving in clinical depression. We also explore whether impaired social problem solving is related to inhibitory control. Thirty-six depressed and 43 non-depressed participants were presented with six social problems and were asked to generate consequences for the problems being resolved or remaining unresolved. Participants were then asked to solve the problems and recall all the consequences initially generated. Participants also completed the Emotional Stroop and Flanker tasks. We found that whilst depressed participants were impaired at social problem-solving after generating unresolved consequences, they were successful at generating solutions for problems for which they previously generated resolved consequences. Depressed participants were also impaired on the Stroop task, providing support for an impaired inhibitory control account of social problem-solving. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning social problem-solving in depression and may contribute to the development of new therapeutic interventions to improve social-problem solving in depression.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Emotions; Humans; Problem Solving; Social Problems
PubMed: 35771846
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270661 -
Behavioural Neurology 2017We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and characteristics of poststroke depression (PSD) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and characteristics of poststroke depression (PSD) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
METHODS
We searched Medline, PsycINFO, and African Journals OnLine using keywords for stroke and depression and the .mp. operator for all 54 SSA countries/regions. Further information was retrieved through a manual search of references from relevant published and unpublished articles. We included only peer-reviewed original studies with epidemiological or experimental designs, conducted random-effect meta-analysis, and identified the most commonly associated factors by weight (inverse of variance method).
RESULTS
Seventeen studies, comprising 1483 stroke survivors, met the criteria for syntheses. The pooled frequency of clinically diagnosed PSD was 31% (95% CI = 26%-36%), versus 13.9% in healthy control pairs. Prevalence did not vary much across healthcare settings but was affected by methods of depression ascertainment. PSD was significantly associated with low education, cognitive impairment, physical disability, poor quality of life, and divorced marital status.
CONCLUSION
Almost 1 in 3 individuals with stroke in SSA has clinical depression. Despite limitations around quality of identified studies, results of the present systematic review overlap with findings in the global literature and highlight useful targets for the design and trial of tailored intervention for PSD in SSA.
Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Marital Status; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Stroke
PubMed: 28819339
DOI: 10.1155/2017/4160259 -
Brain and Behavior Apr 2022Default mode network (DMN) connectivity is altered in depression. We evaluated the relationship between changes in within-network DMN connectivity and improvement in... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
OBJECTIVES
Default mode network (DMN) connectivity is altered in depression. We evaluated the relationship between changes in within-network DMN connectivity and improvement in depression in a subsample of our parent clinical trial comparing escitalopram/memantine (ESC/MEM) to escitalopram/placebo (ESC/PBO) in older depressed adults (NCT01902004).
METHODS
Twenty-six participants with major depression (age > 60 years) and subjective memory complaints underwent treatment with ESC/MEM (n = 13) or ESC/PBO (n = 13), and completed baseline and 3-month follow-up resting state magnetic resonance imaging scans. Multi-block partial least squares correlation analysis was used to evaluate the impact of treatment on within-network DMN connectivity changes and their relationship with symptom improvement at 3 months (controlling for age and sex).
RESULTS
A significant latent variable was identified, reflecting within-network DMN connectivity changes correlated with symptom improvement (p = .01). Specifically, although overall group differences in within-network DMN connectivity changes failed to reach significance, increased within-network connectivity of posterior/lateral DMN regions (precuneus, angular gyrus, superior/middle temporal cortex) was more strongly and positively correlated with symptom improvement in the ESC/MEM group (r = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.86-0.98) than in the ESC/PBO group (r = 0.36, 95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.72).
CONCLUSIONS
Increased within-network connectivity of core DMN nodes was more strongly correlated with depressive symptom improvement with ESC/MEM than with ESC/PBO, supporting an improved engagement of brain circuitry implicated in the amelioration of depressive symptoms with combined ESC/MEM treatment in older adults with depression and subjective memory complaints.
Topics: Aged; Brain; Brain Mapping; Default Mode Network; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Neural Pathways
PubMed: 35233974
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2475 -
The Psychiatric Clinics of North America Jun 2023Major depressive disorder is characterized by depressed mood and/or anhedonia with neurovegetative symptoms and neurocognitive changes affecting an individual's... (Review)
Review
Major depressive disorder is characterized by depressed mood and/or anhedonia with neurovegetative symptoms and neurocognitive changes affecting an individual's functioning in multiple aspects of life. Treatment outcomes with commonly used antidepressants remain suboptimal. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) should be considered after inadequate improvement with two or more antidepressant treatments of adequate dose and duration. TRD has been associated with increased disease burden including higher associated costs (both socially and financially) affecting both the individual and society. Additional research is needed to better understand the long-term burden of TRD to both the individual and society.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37149341
DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.02.001