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Scientific Reports Jan 2022The results of human studies are inconsistent regarding selenium and depressive disorders. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The results of human studies are inconsistent regarding selenium and depressive disorders. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and interventional studies and provided an overview of the role of selenium in depression. Three databases including Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched on June 30, 2020 and updated on April 12, 2021. Also, we searched in electronical databases of WHO Global Index Medicus and ClinicalTrials.gov. No time or language restrictions were used for the search. A random effects model was used to pool effect sizes. In total, 20 studies were included in the systematic review, and 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant differences in serum selenium levels between patients with depression and healthy subjects (WMD: 2.12 mg/L; 95% CI: - 0.11, 4.36; I = 98.0%, P < 0.001). Also, no significant correlation was found between serum levels of selenium and depression scores (r: - 0.12; 95% CI: - 0.33, 0.08; I = 73.5%, P = 0.010). Nevertheless, there was a significant negative association between high selenium intake and the risk of postpartum depression (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95, 0.99; I = 0.0%, P = 0.507). In addition, selenium supplementation significantly reduced depressive symptoms (WMD: - 0.37; 95% CI: - 0.56, - 0.18; I = 0.0%, P = 0.959). Taken these results together, selenium seems to have a protective role against postpartum depression and can be considered as a beneficial adjuvant therapy in patients with depression. Further studies are necessary to draw definitive conclusions.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Selenium
PubMed: 35058530
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05078-1 -
Brain and Behavior Apr 2022Default mode network (DMN) connectivity is altered in depression. We evaluated the relationship between changes in within-network DMN connectivity and improvement in... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
OBJECTIVES
Default mode network (DMN) connectivity is altered in depression. We evaluated the relationship between changes in within-network DMN connectivity and improvement in depression in a subsample of our parent clinical trial comparing escitalopram/memantine (ESC/MEM) to escitalopram/placebo (ESC/PBO) in older depressed adults (NCT01902004).
METHODS
Twenty-six participants with major depression (age > 60 years) and subjective memory complaints underwent treatment with ESC/MEM (n = 13) or ESC/PBO (n = 13), and completed baseline and 3-month follow-up resting state magnetic resonance imaging scans. Multi-block partial least squares correlation analysis was used to evaluate the impact of treatment on within-network DMN connectivity changes and their relationship with symptom improvement at 3 months (controlling for age and sex).
RESULTS
A significant latent variable was identified, reflecting within-network DMN connectivity changes correlated with symptom improvement (p = .01). Specifically, although overall group differences in within-network DMN connectivity changes failed to reach significance, increased within-network connectivity of posterior/lateral DMN regions (precuneus, angular gyrus, superior/middle temporal cortex) was more strongly and positively correlated with symptom improvement in the ESC/MEM group (r = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.86-0.98) than in the ESC/PBO group (r = 0.36, 95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.72).
CONCLUSIONS
Increased within-network connectivity of core DMN nodes was more strongly correlated with depressive symptom improvement with ESC/MEM than with ESC/PBO, supporting an improved engagement of brain circuitry implicated in the amelioration of depressive symptoms with combined ESC/MEM treatment in older adults with depression and subjective memory complaints.
Topics: Aged; Brain; Brain Mapping; Default Mode Network; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Neural Pathways
PubMed: 35233974
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2475 -
European Archives of Psychiatry and... Aug 2023Whether melancholic depression is a distinct syndrome or not has long been debated. There are few studies providing information about the epidemiology of melancholic...
Whether melancholic depression is a distinct syndrome or not has long been debated. There are few studies providing information about the epidemiology of melancholic depression. In this study, we investigate the incidence rates, overall as well as by gender and age of onset of melancholic depression according to Taylor and Fink and corresponding DSM-IV disorders: major depressive disorder (MDD) with melancholic specifier, MDD with psychotic features, MDD with postpartum debut and bipolar depression in the Lundby population. Incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The incidence rate of melancholic depression was 0.48 (CI 0.36-0.61) per 1000 person-years under risk. The rates of the corresponding DSM-IV disorders were as follows: MDD with melancholic specifier 0.38 (CI 0.27-0.49), MDD with psychotic features 0.13 (CI 0.07-0.21), MDD with postpartum debut 0.02 (CI 0.00-0.06) and bipolar depression 0.04 (CI 0.01-0.10). Females had a significantly higher incidence rate, with a peak in age group 40-49, in melancholic depression according to Taylor and Fink and MDD with melancholic specifier. There was no gender difference in incidence rates of MDD with psychotic features or bipolar depression. The diagnoses were set in retrospect and the number of subjects with MDD with postpartum debut and bipolar depression was low. Incidence of melancholia was low in the Lundby Study. There was a female preponderance to become melancholically depressed in line with research on undifferentiated depression.
Topics: Humans; Female; Depressive Disorder, Major; Incidence; Depression; Age of Onset; Bipolar Disorder
PubMed: 36334129
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01506-5 -
Behaviour Research and Therapy Jul 2019For the past several decades, the phenomenon of depression largely has been defined, classified, and thus assessed and analyzed, according to criteria based on the... (Review)
Review
For the past several decades, the phenomenon of depression largely has been defined, classified, and thus assessed and analyzed, according to criteria based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (now DSM5). A substantial body of knowledge on epidemiology, course, risk factors, correlates, consequences, assessment, and intervention for youth depression is based on this classical nosological approach to conceptualizing depression. Yet, recent structural and classification approaches, such as latent dimensional bifactor models (e.g., P factor model; Caspi et al., 2014) and hierarchical organizations (e.g., HiTOP; Kotov, Waszczuk, Krueger, Forbes, & Watson, 2017), have been proposed and supported as alternative options to characterize features of depression. This paper considers conceptualizations of depression among youth with a particular focus on validity: how important clinical outcomes and risks (genetic, neural, temperament, early pubertal timing, stress, and cognitive) relate to depression when ascertained via traditional DSM-defined depression versus more recent latent dimensional model approaches. The construct validity of depression, in terms of associations within respective nomological networks, varies by depression conceptualization. Clinical scientists and applied practitioners need to clearly think through the nature of what depression is and how the latent construct is conceptualized and measured. Conclusions reached for research, teaching, and evidence-based clinical work are affected and may not be the same across different conceptual and nosological organizational schemes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Models, Psychological; Risk Factors; Temperament
PubMed: 31026717
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.04.006 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2019This study investigated the influence of culture and depression on (1) emotion priming reactions, (2) the recall of subjective experience of emotion, and (3) emotion...
This study investigated the influence of culture and depression on (1) emotion priming reactions, (2) the recall of subjective experience of emotion, and (3) emotion meaning. Members of individualistic culture (Australia, n = 42) and collectivistic culture (Iran, n = 32, Malaysia, n = 74) with and without depression completed a biological motion task, subjective experience questionnaire and emotion meaning questionnaire. Those with depression, regardless of cultural group, provided significantly fewer correct responses on the biological motion task than the control group. Second, the collectivistic control groups reported greater social engaging emotion than the Australian control group. However, the three depressed groups did not differ culturally. The Australian depressed group reported significantly greater interpersonally engaging emotion than the Australian control group. Third, the collectivistic groups reported significantly greater social worth, belief changes and sharing of emotion than the individualistic group. Depression did not influence these cultural effects. Instead we found that those with depression, when compared to controls, considered emotions as subjective phenomena, that were qualifying for relationships with others, and associated with greater agency appraisals. The applicability of the biocultural framework of emotion in depression was considered.
Topics: Adult; Australia; Behavior; Culture; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Emotions; Female; Humans; Individuality; Iran; Malaysia; Male; Mental Recall; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31797979
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54775-x -
Autism : the International Journal of... May 2015In a sample of 50 verbally fluent adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders (age: 16-31 years; verbal IQ: 72-140), we examined the pattern of response and...
In a sample of 50 verbally fluent adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders (age: 16-31 years; verbal IQ: 72-140), we examined the pattern of response and associations between scores on common measures of depressive symptoms, participant characteristics, and clinical diagnosis of depressive disorders. Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition item descriptives in this autism spectrum disorder sample were compared to previously published data from a large typically developing sample, with results suggesting that cognitive-attributional symptoms of depression may be particularly prevalent in autism spectrum disorder. Scores on a variety of self- and parent-report depression measures were not associated with chronological age or verbal IQ, and were relatively highly correlated with each other and with clinical diagnosis of a mood disorder. The Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition and the Adult Self-Report "Depressive" scale best identified both depressed and non-depressed participants in this sample, though neither was particularly strong. Validation studies of depression measures in the autism spectrum disorder population are necessary to advance research into this prevalent and impairing comorbidity.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Intelligence; Language Development; Male; Self Report; Sensitivity and Specificity; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 24916450
DOI: 10.1177/1362361314536625 -
JAMA Network Open Oct 2021
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans
PubMed: 34714351
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30941 -
BMC Medicine Apr 2015Most measures of depression severity are based on the number of reported symptoms, and threshold scores are often used to classify individuals as healthy or depressed.... (Review)
Review
Most measures of depression severity are based on the number of reported symptoms, and threshold scores are often used to classify individuals as healthy or depressed. This method--and research results based on it--are valid if depression is a single condition, and all symptoms are equally good severity indicators. Here, we review a host of studies documenting that specific depressive symptoms like sad mood, insomnia, concentration problems, and suicidal ideation are distinct phenomena that differ from each other in important dimensions such as underlying biology, impact on impairment, and risk factors. Furthermore, specific life events predict increases in particular depression symptoms, and there is evidence for direct causal links among symptoms. We suggest that the pervasive use of sum-scores to estimate depression severity has obfuscated crucial insights and contributed to the lack of progress in key research areas such as identifying biomarkers and more efficacious antidepressants. The analysis of individual symptoms and their causal associations offers a way forward. We offer specific suggestions with practical implications for future research.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 25879936
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0325-4 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jun 2020The prevalence of perinatal depression is 16.3% in China and has shown a rising trend in the last decade. However, few studies summarized psychosocial interventions for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of perinatal depression is 16.3% in China and has shown a rising trend in the last decade. However, few studies summarized psychosocial interventions for perinatal depression in this country. This study aimed at evaluating and characterizing psychosocial interventions for perinatal depression in Mainland China.
METHODS
Ten major English and Chinese language electronic bibliographic databases were searched for RCTs examining the effect of psychosocial interventions for perinatal depressed women in Mainland China. Studies meeting eligibility criteria and published before 25th February 2019 were included, while those focusing on a very specific sub-population or reporting non-psychosocial interventions were excluded. Data was extracted by a standard form. Meta-analysis was conducted to obtain a summary measure of the effectiveness of the interventions in reducing perinatal depressive symptoms. The theoretical underpinnings and implementation processes of the interventions were also characterised.
RESULTS
A total of 6857 articles were identified in the initial database searching, of which, 26 studies were eligible for data analysis, representing a sample size of 4673. Meta-analysis indicated that psychosocial interventions in China significantly reduced perinatal depressive symptoms (standard difference in means 0.81, 95% confidence intervals -1.03 to -0.58, P < 0.001). However, the overall evidence presented substantial heterogeneity (I = 91.12%). Most interventions were implemented in hospitals in urban areas by non-specialist health care providers. Few studies reported details of implementation procedures or scale-up strategies.
LIMITATIONS
The evidence in this review is of moderate to low quality and therefore, should be interpreted with caution. Some of the trials were inadequately powered and tended to overestimate effect sizes.
CONCLUSIONS
Current psychosocial interventions in China are somewhat effective in reducing perinatal depressive symptoms. High quality RCTs on scale-up interventions are required, especially in rural areas.
Topics: China; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Psychosocial Intervention
PubMed: 32479331
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.019 -
Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience :... Mar 2018
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Stroke
PubMed: 29481314
DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180015