-
Drugs in Context 2022Early recognition of xeroderma pigmentosum is important to minimize the complications arising from the harmful effects of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Early recognition of xeroderma pigmentosum is important to minimize the complications arising from the harmful effects of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This narrative review aims to familiarize physicians with the clinical features, diagnosis and management of xeroderma pigmentosum.
METHODS
A search was conducted in December 2021 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key term "xeroderma pigmentosum". The search strategy included all clinical trials, observational studies and reviews published within the past 10 years. The information retrieved from the search was used in the compilation of this article.
RESULTS
Xeroderma pigmentosum is a condition of abnormal DNA repair of ultraviolet radiation-induced and oxidative DNA damage, which leads to increased skin cancer susceptibility. Approximately 50% of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum have increased photosensitivity and certain types of xeroderma pigmentosum are more prone to ocular disease and progressive neurodegeneration depending on the causative mutation. The diagnosis should be suspected in patients with increased photosensitivity and characteristic cutaneous, ophthalmological and neurological findings. A definite diagnosis can be made by the identification of biallelic mutation in one of the causative genes. Strict and consistent sun avoidance and protection and early detection and treatment of premalignant and malignant skin lesions are the mainstays of management. Treatment options for actinic keratosis include cryotherapy, topical imiquimod, topical 5-fluorouracil, chemical peeling, excision, CO laser resurfacing, fractional/pulsed laser therapy, and photodynamic therapy. Cutaneous malignancy can be treated by photodynamic therapy, curettage and electrodesiccation, or surgical excision. Oral isotretinoin, oral niacinamide, topical imiquimod and topical fluorouracil can be used for the prevention of skin malignancy. Treatment options for poikiloderma include chemical peeling, dermabrasion and laser resurfacing. Methylcellulose eyedrops and soft ultraviolet-protective contact lenses may be used to keep the cornea moist and protect against the harmful effects of keratitis sicca. Investigational therapies include the use of T4 endonuclease-V liposome lotion and oral nicotinamide to reduce the rate of actinic keratoses and non-melanoma skin cancers and gene therapy for radical cure of this condition.
CONCLUSION
Although currently there is no cure for xeroderma pigmentosum, increased awareness and early diagnosis of the condition, followed by rigorous sun avoidance and protection and optimal management, can dramatically improve the quality of life and life expectancy.
PubMed: 35520754
DOI: 10.7573/dic.2022-2-5 -
Dermatology Research and Practice 2010Acne has a prevalence of over 90% among adolescents and persists into adulthood in approximately 12%-14% of cases with psychological and social implications. Possible...
Acne has a prevalence of over 90% among adolescents and persists into adulthood in approximately 12%-14% of cases with psychological and social implications. Possible outcomes of the inflammatory acne lesions are acne scars which, although they can be treated in a number of ways, may have a negative psychological impact on social life and relationships. The main types of acne scars are atrophic and hypertrophic scars. The pathogenesis of acne scarring is still not fully understood, but several hypotheses have been proposed. There are numerous treatments: chemical peels, dermabrasion/microdermabrasion, laser treatment, punch techniques, dermal grafting, needling and combined therapies for atrophic scars: silicone gels, intralesional steroid therapy, cryotherapy, and surgery for hypertrophic and keloidal lesions. This paper summarizes acne scar pathogenesis, classification and treatment options.
PubMed: 20981308
DOI: 10.1155/2010/893080 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2022Scarring is a dire consequence of acne vulgaris. Particularly, atrophic acne scarring is highly prevalent among young adults, and its physical and psychological effects... (Review)
Review
Scarring is a dire consequence of acne vulgaris. Particularly, atrophic acne scarring is highly prevalent among young adults, and its physical and psychological effects can persist throughout their lives if left untreated. This literature review will analyze various non-energy-based approaches to treating atrophic acne scarring, emphasizing recent advances within the last 5 to 10 years. To accomplish this, we performed a PubMed search for various acne scar treatments such as chemical peels, dermabrasion, microdermabrasion, subcision, microneedling, punch techniques, dermal fillers, and thread lifting. Our findings and analysis show that there is no panacean solution to treating atrophic acne scars, which explains the evolving trend towards developing unique combinatorial treatments. Although a fair comparison of each treatment approach is difficult to achieve due to the studies' varying sample sizes, strength of evidence, treatment execution, etc, there still remains a level of consensus on what treatments are well suited for particular scar types.
PubMed: 35359828
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S350040 -
Journal of Ayub Medical College,... 2019Acne effects 80-90% of teenage population all around the world. Resulting scars can lead to facial disfigurement and psychological issues in affected population. To...
BACKGROUND
Acne effects 80-90% of teenage population all around the world. Resulting scars can lead to facial disfigurement and psychological issues in affected population. To counter this problem many treatment options have been tried including resurfacing lasers, dermabrasion, peeling, fillers, platelet rich plasma therapy etc. All have shown variable results. Among these modalities, micro needling is showing promising results in treatment of acne scars due to collagen induction. This study was conducted to assess efficacy and safety of micro-needling on acne scars.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study a total of 50 patients (female 35, male 15) underwent treatment for post acne scarring, 4 sessions of micro-needling were done under local anaesthesia 3 weeks apart over the span of 2 months. Initial and follow up qualitative assessment was done. Photographs were taken of each patient on their subsequent visit, they were analysed and compared for final results. Grading was done by using Goodman Baron scale.
RESULTS
70% (35) were females and 30% (15) were males with mean age of 27.31±4.41 ranging from 19-35 years. After the treatment of scars, 73% (08) of Grade 4 scars have showed improvement by 2 grades, remaining 27% (03) showed improvement to Grade 3. In 20 patients with Grade 3 scars, 30% (06) showed improvement by 1 grade. Remaining 70% (14) improved by 2 grades. All patients with Grade 2 scar downgraded to grade 1 after treatment. Chi-square test was used to assess pre-treatment and post treatment grading improvement among subjects and was statistically significant. (X2=30.010 p=000)..
CONCLUSIONS
Micro needling is an effective tool for aesthetic improvement of post acne scarring.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adult; Cicatrix; Cosmetic Techniques; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Needles; Young Adult
PubMed: 31535501
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery :... May 2013Most surgical patients end up with a scar and most of these would want at least some improvement in the appearance of the scar. Using sound techniques for wound closure... (Review)
Review
Most surgical patients end up with a scar and most of these would want at least some improvement in the appearance of the scar. Using sound techniques for wound closure surgeons can, to a certain extent, prevent suboptimal scars. This article reviews the principles of prevention and treatment of suboptimal scars. Surgical techniques of scar revision, i.e., Z plasty, W plasty, and geometrical broken line closure are described. Post-operative care and other adjuvant therapies of scars are described. A short description of dermabrasion and lasers for management of scars is given. It is hoped that this review helps the surgeon to formulate a comprehensive plan for management of scars of these patients.
PubMed: 24516292
DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.118621