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Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde Jan 2012In 2009 Suprelorin® was released in Switzerland for the temporary suppression of fertility in male dogs. However, in practice it has also been used to treat other... (Review)
Review
In 2009 Suprelorin® was released in Switzerland for the temporary suppression of fertility in male dogs. However, in practice it has also been used to treat other conditions in male dogs and in bitches. These include treatment of benign hyperplasia of the prostate, the induction or suppression of oestrus and treatment for the side effects of gonadectomy. Also in feline reproductive medicine GnRH-agonists gain increased importance. These areas of application are listed here in terms of treatment success and possible adverse effects after treatment of which owners have to be informed beforehand.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Enzyme Inhibitors; Estrus; Female; Fertility; Male; Ovariectomy; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Triptorelin Pamoate; Urinary Incontinence
PubMed: 22222897
DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000286 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research May 2005To evaluate the clinical and endocrine responses of ferrets with adrenocortical disease (ACD) to treatment with a slow-release implant of deslorelin acetate. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical and endocrine responses of ferrets with adrenocortical disease (ACD) to treatment with a slow-release implant of deslorelin acetate.
ANIMALS
15 ferrets with ACD.
PROCEDURE
Ferrets were treated SC with a single slow-release, 3-mg implant of deslorelin acetate. Plasma estradiol, androstenedione, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations were measured before and after treatment and at relapse of clinical signs; at that time, the adrenal glands were grossly or ultrasonographically measured and affected glands that were surgically removed were examined histologically.
RESULTS
Compared with findings before deslorelin treatment, vulvar swelling, pruritus, sexual behaviors, and aggression were significantly decreased or eliminated within 14 days of implantation; hair regrowth was evident 4 to 6 weeks after treatment. Within 1 month of treatment, plasma hormone concentrations significantly decreased and remained decreased until clinical relapse. Mean time to recurrence of clinical signs was 13.7 +/- 3.5 months (range, 8.5 to 20.5 months). In 5 ferrets, large palpable tumors developed within 2 months of clinical relapse; 3 of these ferrets were euthanatized because of adrenal gland tumor metastasis to the liver or tumor necrosis.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
In ferrets with ACD, a slow-release deslorelin implant appears promising as a treatment to temporarily eliminate clinical signs and decrease plasma steroid hormone concentrations. Deslorelin may not decrease adrenal tumor growth in some treated ferrets. Deslorelin implants may be useful in the long-term management of hormone-induced sequelae in ferrets with ACD and in treatment of animals that are considered at surgical or anesthetic risk.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Diseases; Aging; Animals; Drug Implants; Female; Ferrets; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Male; Recurrence; Triptorelin Pamoate
PubMed: 15934621
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.910 -
Domestic Animal Endocrinology Jan 2021Behavior during the estrous cycle of mares can affect their performance and therefore inhibition of cyclical ovarian activity is indicated. We hypothesized that implants...
Behavior during the estrous cycle of mares can affect their performance and therefore inhibition of cyclical ovarian activity is indicated. We hypothesized that implants containing the GnRH analog deslorelin downregulate GnRH receptors and inhibit ovulation in mares. The estrous cycles of Shetland mares were synchronized with 2 injections of a PGF analog. One day after the second injection (day 0), mares received 9.4 (group D1, n = 6) and 4.7 mg deslorelin (D2, n = 5) as slow-release implants or 1.25 mg short-acting deslorelin as a control (C, n = 5). Ultrasonography of the reproductive tract and ovaries and observation of estrous behavior and collection of blood samples for analysis of progesterone and LH concentrations were performed every second day until day 10 and thereafter at 5-d intervals. Stimulation tests with the GnRH-agonist buserelin were performed on days 10 and 45. Until day 50, there were less spontaneous ovulations in group D1 (P < 0.01) and estrous behavior was reduced in groups D1 and D2 compared with group C (P < 0.05). The time until first ovulation (D1 62.0 ± 8.6, D2 44.2 ± 14.1, C 22.2 ± 3.1 d, P < 0.05) and the number of days with estrous behavior (P < 0.05) differed among groups. On day 10 after treatment, a GnRH stimulation test revealed interactions between group and time (P < 0.001) in plasma LH concentration that were no longer detectable on day 45 after treatment. In conclusion, long-acting deslorelin implants result in a transient downregulation of pituitary GnRH receptors that is associated with inhibition of ovulation and estrous behavior in Shetland mares.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Drug Implants; Estrous Cycle; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Horses; Luteinizing Hormone; Ovary; Ovulation; Progesterone; Receptors, LHRH; Triptorelin Pamoate
PubMed: 32846375
DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106505 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 1995In a blinded trial, the effectiveness and safety of 2.2 mg of the GnRH analog deslorelin acetate, administered in a short-term implant (STI) to normally cycling mares in... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
In a blinded trial, the effectiveness and safety of 2.2 mg of the GnRH analog deslorelin acetate, administered in a short-term implant (STI) to normally cycling mares in estrus with a dominant ovarian follicle of 30 mm in diameter or larger, were evaluated, using a placebo implant as a negative control. A total of 39 mares received treatments at admittance with pre-randomized implants containing either 2.2 mg or 0 mg deslorelin. Mares were teased daily and examined rectally with ultrasound at 24 h intervals to determine time to ovulation and duration of estrus. The number of breedings and the pregnancy rate at 18 (+/- 3) and 38 (+/- 3) days were recorded, as were systemic side effects and local reactions at the implantation sites. Pregnancies resulting from breedings during the treatment estrus and/or from breedings during the next estrus were followed and the early and late pregnancy loss rate, the number of pregnancies going to term and of live-born foals was recorded. Mean follicle diameter at treatment was not significantly different between the deslorelin and placebo treatment group with 41.6 mm and 40.8 mm, respectively. Treatment with deslorelin STI reduced the time interval to ovulation significantly from 69.5 +/- 25.48 h to 42.7 +/- 12.35 h (p < 0.001). The percentage of mares having ovulated within 48 h rose from 26.3% to 95.0%, respectively, for placebo and deslorelin STI (p < 0.001). As a consequence, the duration of estrus in days and the percent of animals requiring more than 1 breeding were significantly reduced in deslorelin treated animals from 5.4 days to 4.6 days, and from 55.6% to 5.0%, respectively (p = 0.009 and = 0.001). The percent of mares pregnant from breedings at the treatment estrus (65.0% versus 44.4%) or the next estrus (83.3% versus 92.3%) was satisfactory and similar for deslorelin and placebo treated mares (p > 0.005), and in 70.0% and 66.7% of these once or twice bred mares did pregnancies go to term and live foals were born.
Topics: Animals; Double-Blind Method; Drug Implants; Enzyme Inhibitors; Estrus; Estrus Detection; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Horses; Ovulation; Pregnancy; Time Factors; Triptorelin Pamoate
PubMed: 8669367
DOI: 10.1186/BF03547654 -
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology... Sep 2010The effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) administered in the luteal phase remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) administered in the luteal phase remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of the administration of a single-dose of GnRH-a in the luteal phase on ICSI clinical outcomes.
METHODS
The research strategy included the online search of databases. Only randomized studies were included. The outcomes analyzed were implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) per transfer and ongoing pregnancy rate. The fixed effects model was used for odds ratio. In all trials, a single dose of GnRH-a was administered at day 5/6 after ICSI procedures.
RESULTS
All cycles presented statistically significantly higher rates of implantation (P<0.0001), CPR per transfer (P=0.006) and ongoing pregnancy (P=0.02) in the group that received luteal-phase GnRH-a administration than in the control group (without luteal-phase-GnRH-a administration). When meta-analysis was carried out only in trials that had used long GnRH-a ovarian stimulation protocol, CPR per transfer (P=0.06) and ongoing pregnancy (P=0.23) rates were not significantly different between the groups, but implantation rate was significant higher (P=0.02) in the group that received luteal-phase-GnRH-a administration. On the other hand, the results from trials that had used GnRH antagonist multi-dose ovarian stimulation protocol showed statistically significantly higher implantation (P=0.0002), CPR per transfer (P=0.04) and ongoing pregnancy rate (P=0.04) in the luteal-phase-GnRH-a administration group. The majority of the results presented heterogeneity.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate that the luteal-phase single-dose GnRH-a administration can increase implantation rate in all cycles and CPR per transfer and ongoing pregnancy rate in cycles with GnRH antagonist ovarian stimulation protocol. Nevertheless, by considering the heterogeneity between the trials, it seems premature to recommend the use of GnRH-a in the luteal phase. Additional randomized controlled trials are necessary before evidence-based recommendations can be provided.
Topics: Algorithms; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fertility Agents, Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Infertility; Luteal Phase; Ovulation Induction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; Treatment Outcome; Triptorelin Pamoate
PubMed: 20825643
DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-107 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jan 2023Deslorelin is currently registered for the induction of temporary infertility in male dogs, male cats, male ferrets, and also prepubertal female dogs, but research has...
Deslorelin is currently registered for the induction of temporary infertility in male dogs, male cats, male ferrets, and also prepubertal female dogs, but research has shown its usefulness for other conditions requiring chronic treatment. This paper presents six cases of dogs chronically treated with deslorelin for indications such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, control of fertility, abnormal reproductive behavior and urinary incontinence. All animals were in good health during treatment. Treatment duration was 2-9 years. No short-term side effects were observed except for flare-up reactions, which were observed only in 1/4 intact males. Two dogs developed a neoplasia: a spayed bitch treated for urinary incontinence developed a pituitary carcinoma, and an intact male dog implanted for control of fertility developed a bladder carcinoma. While the pituitary carcinoma seems unlikely to be related to deslorelin, the bladder carcinoma could be due to the neutered condition of the dog (which was treated for 9 years) as urinary tract neoplasia is more common in dogs following gonadectomy. Chronic treatment with deslorelin is regarded as safe when an animal is being treated for life. The possibility that a pause in the treatment might be helpful for the animal should be investigated.
PubMed: 36670804
DOI: 10.3390/ani13020265 -
Journal of the American Association For... Nov 2023Hormonal contraception is an effective, reversible tool for managing birth rates in humans and nonhuman animals alike. However, manipulating reproductive hormones has...
Hormonal contraception is an effective, reversible tool for managing birth rates in humans and nonhuman animals alike. However, manipulating reproductive hormones has behavioral consequences that can impact social and sexual behavior between conspecifics. First, we studied 18 pairs of nonreproductive titi monkeys () to test the efficacy of a novel method of hormonal contraception (deslorelin acetate implants) on reproductive hormone cycling in females and found significant reductions in urinary estrogens and progestagens among treated females compared to untreated controls. We then studied 35 nonreproductive pairs of coppery titi monkeys () to ascertain whether treating females with one of 2 different forms of hormonal contraception (deslorelin acetate implants ( = 17) or medroxyprogesterone acetate injections ( = 9)) would influence the relationship between pair mates compared to the relationship between untreated females and their vasectomized male mates ( = 9). Over a 5-month period, we found no differences in affiliative behaviors between pairs containing untreated females compared to pairs in which the female was treated with either deslorelin acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate. Similarly, we found no differences in affiliation between pairs in the 2 treatment groups. This study is the first to examine behavioral consequences of hormonal contraception in a pair-bonding species. The results are encouraging for captive, managed breeding colonies of such social animals, especially those used in behavioral research.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Animals; Contraceptive Agents; Callicebus; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; Social Behavior
PubMed: 37973152
DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000017 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Oct 2020This article presents the results of a randomized clinical trial, designed to compare the efficacy and therapeutic profiles of Ypozane (osaterone acetate-OA) or...
This article presents the results of a randomized clinical trial, designed to compare the efficacy and therapeutic profiles of Ypozane (osaterone acetate-OA) or Suprelorin (deslorelin acetate-DA) in male dogs with clinical signs of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Forty-five intact male dogs were used in the study. The Group I (negative control) included 10 healthy dogs, the Group II (positive control) included 10 dogs with confirmed BPH and no treatment, whereas Group III and IV consisted of dogs with BPH and treated either with DA (15 dogs) or OA (10 dogs). The clinical response, testosterone and estradiol levels, hematology, biochemistry, and adverse effects incidence were evaluated. Both OA and DA proved to be effective for BPH treatment in dogs, as they allowed for the clinical remission in all treated dogs. The complete alleviation of BPH symptoms was noticed sooner with the use of OA (in 80% of dogs from day 7) compared to DA (in 40% of dogs within the first 21 days). The recurrence of clinical signs related to BPH was observed from week 24 in dogs treated with OA, whereas no relapse was noticed in dogs treated with DA at the end of the 36 weeks of the observation period. In 5 dogs (33%) treated with DA, a flare-up effect (increase in the clinical signs associated with BPH) was noticed on day 7. Despite individual differences in the clinical action, both medications were effective and safe options for the treatment of symptoms related to BPH in dogs.
PubMed: 33096806
DOI: 10.3390/ani10101936 -
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Aug 2023To successfully inseminate mares, precise detection of ovulation time is crucial, especially when using frozen-thawed semen. Monitoring body temperature, as has been...
To successfully inseminate mares, precise detection of ovulation time is crucial, especially when using frozen-thawed semen. Monitoring body temperature, as has been described in women, could be a noninvasive way to detect ovulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the time of ovulation and the variation of body temperature in mares based on automatic continuous measurements during estrus. The experimental group included 21 mares for 70 analyzed estrous cycles. When the mares showed estrous behavior, they were administered intramuscular deslorelin acetate (2.25 mg) in the evening. At the same time, monitoring of body temperature using a sensor device fixed at the left lateral thorax was started and continued for over 60 hours. In 2-hour intervals, transrectal ultrasonography was performed to detect ovulation. Estimated body temperature in the 6 hours following ovulation detection was on average 0.06°C +/- 0.05°C (mean +/- SD) significantly higher when compared with body temperature at the same time on the preceding day (P = .01). In addition, a significant effect of PGF administration for estrus induction on the body temperature was found, being significantly higher until 6 hours before ovulation compared to that of uninduced cycles (P = .005). In conclusion, changes in body temperature during estrus in mares were related to ovulation. The increase in body temperature immediately after ovulation might be used in the future to establish automatized and noninvasive systems to detect ovulation. However, the identified temperature rise is relatively small on average and hardly identifiable in the individual mares.
Topics: Female; Horses; Animals; Body Temperature; Ovulation; Estrus; Estrous Cycle; Semen Preservation
PubMed: 37209788
DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104565 -
Molecular Vision Oct 2006To determine whether topical ocular delivery of <100 nm nanoparticles can be enhanced by coating their exterior with peptide or protein ligands for cell surface...
PURPOSE
To determine whether topical ocular delivery of <100 nm nanoparticles can be enhanced by coating their exterior with peptide or protein ligands for cell surface receptors.
METHODS
A novel ex vivo bovine eye model was validated for its integrity up to 60 min. Using this model, the uptake of 20 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (administered as a single 50 mul drop) before and after surface conjugation with deslorelin, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, or transferrin was determined at 5 and 60 min in individual layers of cornea and aqueous humor. Selected studies were done in the absence of corneal epithelium in the ex vivo model or using excised cornea and conjunctiva. LHRH and transferrin receptor mRNA and protein expression in corneal epithelium and conjunctiva were determined by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively.
RESULTS
Corneal histology, ZO-1 immunostain pattern, and mannitol permeability were similar in controls and at the end of the ex vivo study. Corneal epithelial nanoparticle uptake in the absence of surface modification was 1.1-1.6% at 5 min and remained at about this level even at 60 min. Removal of the corneal epithelium resulted in about 22% particle uptake in the corneal stroma at 5 and 60 min compared to about 0.5% in the presence of epithelium, indicating the barrier nature of corneal epithelium. Deslorelin and transferrin conjugation enhanced corneal epithelial uptake of nanoparticles by 3- and 4.5 fold at 5 min and by 4.5- and 3.8 fold at 60 min, respectively. The total corneal uptake in 5 min is approximately 2.4, 9, and 16% with plain, deslorelin-functionalized, and transferrin-functionalized nanoparticles. In all groups, the nanoparticle uptake per unit tissue weight was in the order: corneal epithelium>stroma>endothelium with levels in the aqueous humor being undetectable. In excised cornea and conjunctiva studies, nanoparticle transport and uptake was elevated for both deslorelin and transferrin conjugated nanoparticles. Expression of LHRH and transferrin receptors was observed in corneal epithelium as well as conjunctiva.
CONCLUSIONS
The ex vivo bovine eye model is a useful tool in understanding disposition of nanoparticles after topical delivery. The corneal epithelium is a significant barrier for topical nanoparticle delivery to the anterior segment. Surface modification of nanoparticles by conjugating an LHRH agonist or transferrin is a useful approach to provide rapid, efficient delivery of intact nanoparticles into and/or across cornea and conjunctiva.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Epithelium, Corneal; Eye; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Microscopy, Confocal; Nanoparticles; Ophthalmic Solutions; RNA, Messenger; Receptors, LHRH; Receptors, Transferrin; Transferrin; Triptorelin Pamoate
PubMed: 17102798
DOI: No ID Found