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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Sep 2022Although deslorelin slow-release implants are widely used in the clinic, detailed published information about the recovery of testosterone concentrations (T), semen...
Although deslorelin slow-release implants are widely used in the clinic, detailed published information about the recovery of testosterone concentrations (T), semen quality, and testicular and prostatic volume (TV, PV) after treatment is still missing. This article aims to characterize changes during restart after a five-months treatment and subsequent implant removal. Seven male Beagle dogs were treated with deslorelin (treatment group, TG), and three saline-treated dogs served as controls (CG). Deslorelin implants were removed after five months (D ex), followed by detailed andrological examinations for TV, PV, semen collection, and blood sampling for T-analysis with/without GnRH/hCG stimulation tests. TV, PV, and T increased rapidly after D ex in TG, not differing from CG from D91 (TV), D49 (PV), and D14 (T). The first sperm-containing ejaculates were collected between D49 and 70, whereas the samples were normospermic between D84 and 133. A T increase (>0.1 ng/mL) subsequent to the GnRH/hCG stimulation test was observed from D28/29 onwards, respectively. Histological assessment of testicular tissue at the end of the observational period (D149 after implant removal) revealed normal spermatogenesis. Our data confirm that the restart of endocrine and germinative testicular function is highly variable, but nevertheless, all of the effects induced were reversible.
PubMed: 36230286
DOI: 10.3390/ani12192545 -
Journal of the American Association For... Nov 2023Hormonal contraception is an effective, reversible tool for managing birth rates in humans and nonhuman animals alike. However, manipulating reproductive hormones has...
Hormonal contraception is an effective, reversible tool for managing birth rates in humans and nonhuman animals alike. However, manipulating reproductive hormones has behavioral consequences that can impact social and sexual behavior between conspecifics. First, we studied 18 pairs of nonreproductive titi monkeys () to test the efficacy of a novel method of hormonal contraception (deslorelin acetate implants) on reproductive hormone cycling in females and found significant reductions in urinary estrogens and progestagens among treated females compared to untreated controls. We then studied 35 nonreproductive pairs of coppery titi monkeys () to ascertain whether treating females with one of 2 different forms of hormonal contraception (deslorelin acetate implants ( = 17) or medroxyprogesterone acetate injections ( = 9)) would influence the relationship between pair mates compared to the relationship between untreated females and their vasectomized male mates ( = 9). Over a 5-month period, we found no differences in affiliative behaviors between pairs containing untreated females compared to pairs in which the female was treated with either deslorelin acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate. Similarly, we found no differences in affiliation between pairs in the 2 treatment groups. This study is the first to examine behavioral consequences of hormonal contraception in a pair-bonding species. The results are encouraging for captive, managed breeding colonies of such social animals, especially those used in behavioral research.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Animals; Contraceptive Agents; Callicebus; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; Social Behavior
PubMed: 37973152
DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000017 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Jun 2017OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of administration of a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant on egg laying in healthy cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). ANIMALS 52...
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of administration of a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant on egg laying in healthy cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). ANIMALS 52 cockatiels. PROCEDURES 26 breeding pairs (a female and its respective male in each pair) were selected on the basis of their history of egg laying. Female birds were sedated and received a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant (n = 13) or placebo implant (13) in the subcutaneous tissues between the scapulae. Male and female birds of each breeding pair were placed in separate but adjacent cages. Birds were exposed to 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. A nest box was placed in cages of female birds to stimulate reproductive activity. Egg production and quality were monitored daily for 365 days. RESULTS Deslorelin acetate implants significantly suppressed egg laying in cockatiels, compared with effects for the placebo implants. Eleven of 13 placeboimplanted birds laid eggs between 12 and 42 days after implantation. None of the deslorelin-implanted birds laid eggs within 180 days after implantation, and only 5 of 13 deslorelin-implanted birds laid an egg during the study period (first egg laid between 192 and 230 days after implantation). No differences in egg quality or number of eggs per clutch were observed between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Insertion of a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant suppressed egg laying in healthy cockatiels for at least 180 days. Studies are necessary to evaluate effects of a deslorelin acetate implant in other avian species or in association with reproductive disorders.
Topics: Animals; Breeding; Cockatoos; Drug Implants; Female; Male; Oviposition; Ovum; Reproduction; Triptorelin Pamoate
PubMed: 28541153
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.6.745 -
Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde Jan 2012In 2009 Suprelorin® was released in Switzerland for the temporary suppression of fertility in male dogs. However, in practice it has also been used to treat other... (Review)
Review
In 2009 Suprelorin® was released in Switzerland for the temporary suppression of fertility in male dogs. However, in practice it has also been used to treat other conditions in male dogs and in bitches. These include treatment of benign hyperplasia of the prostate, the induction or suppression of oestrus and treatment for the side effects of gonadectomy. Also in feline reproductive medicine GnRH-agonists gain increased importance. These areas of application are listed here in terms of treatment success and possible adverse effects after treatment of which owners have to be informed beforehand.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Enzyme Inhibitors; Estrus; Female; Fertility; Male; Ovariectomy; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Triptorelin Pamoate; Urinary Incontinence
PubMed: 22222897
DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000286 -
Open Veterinary Journal 2022Regarding animal welfare and reversible suppression of reproduction the need for alternatives to surgical castration, like slow-release gonadotropin-releasing hormone...
BACKGROUND
Regarding animal welfare and reversible suppression of reproduction the need for alternatives to surgical castration, like slow-release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) implants, is increasing.
AIM
In this study, we evaluated whether the onset of puberty can be suppressed by implantation of a slow-release GnRH implant (4.7 mg deslorelin) in juvenile rams.
METHODS
Seven juvenile rams (3-5.5 months) were treated with the GnRH analog deslorelin to analyze the effects on testicular development, sonographic findings of testicular tissue, testosterone concentration in the blood, spermatogenesis, and sperm parameters from the epididymis after castration. Seven rams of the same age without an implant served as controls.
RESULTS
Follow-up examinations were conducted over 5 months, after which four rams per group were castrated. No significant group differences were found in the andrological parameters on the group level, but testicular development was suppressed in three rams in the treated group. Histological examination revealed spermatogenesis in the testicular tissue in three of four animals treated with a GnRH analog.
CONCLUSION
The onset of puberty in juvenile rams cannot be reliably suppressed by using the slow-release GnRH implant Suprelorin®.
Topics: Animals; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Male; Sheep; Sheep, Domestic; Spermatogenesis; Testis; Testosterone
PubMed: 35603069
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i2.3 -
Journal of Equine Science 2014To clarify effect of postbreeding intramuscular administration of deslorelin on mares, plasma LH and progesterone concentrations and conception rate were evaluated. In...
To clarify effect of postbreeding intramuscular administration of deslorelin on mares, plasma LH and progesterone concentrations and conception rate were evaluated. In Experiment 1, deslorelin, buserelin, or a placebo was administered on day 9 (day 0=day of last breeding or AI). Plasma samples were collected daily from days 6 to 15, and additional samples were taken after treatment. There was a significant increase in hormonal concentrations after deslorelin treatment. In Experiment 2, deslorelin or placebo was injected on day 9. There was no difference in conception rates at days 15 and 30 between the two groups. While a single postbreeding treatment of deslorelin increased peripheral LH and progesterone concentrations, it may not affect the conception rate in mares.
PubMed: 24834010
DOI: 10.1294/jes.25.23 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Mar 2001To evaluate gonadotropin secretion and ovarian function after administration of deslorelin acetate to induce ovulation in mares. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate gonadotropin secretion and ovarian function after administration of deslorelin acetate to induce ovulation in mares.
DESIGN
Randomized controlled trial.
ANIMALS
16 healthy mares with normal estrous cycles.
PROCEDURE
8 control mares were allowed to ovulate spontaneously, whereas 8 study mares received deslorelin to induce ovulation when an ovarian follicle > 35 mm in diameter was detected. Follicle development and serum concentrations of gonadotropins were monitored daily during 1 estrous cycle. Pituitary responsiveness to administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was evaluated 10 days after initial ovulation.
RESULTS
Interovulatory intervals of mares treated with deslorelin (mean +/- SD, 25.6 +/- 2.6 days) were longer than those of control mares (22.9 +/- 1.8 days). Diameter of the largest follicle was significantly smaller during 2 days of the diestrous period after ovulation in deslorelin-treated mares than in control mares. Concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were lower in deslorelin-treated mares on days 5 through 14 than in control mares. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone were not different between groups during most of the cycle. Gonadotropin release in response to administration of GnRH was lower in mares treated with deslorelin acetate than in control mares.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Administration of deslorelin was associated with reduction in circulating concentrations of FSH and gonadotropin response to administration of GnRH during the estrous cycle. Low concentration of FSH in treated mares may lead to delayed follicular development and an increased interovulatory interval.
Topics: Animals; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Gonadotropins; Horses; Ovarian Follicle; Ovulation Induction; Time Factors; Triptorelin Pamoate
PubMed: 11280410
DOI: 10.2460/javma.2001.218.749 -
Veterinary Research Communications Dec 2023Deslorelin acetate is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist formulated in a controlled-release subcutaneous implant and designed for reversible suppression of...
Effect of a subcutaneous implant of deslorelin acetate on serum testosterone concentrations in male Hermann's (Testudo hermanni sp.) and Greek (Testudo graeca sp.) tortoises.
Deslorelin acetate is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist formulated in a controlled-release subcutaneous implant and designed for reversible suppression of testosterone production in dogs. It has also been demonstrated to be effective in other animal species, but no data on its effectiveness in male land tortoises are available. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant on serum testosterone concentrations in male Hermann's (Testudo hermanni sp.) and Greek (Testudo graeca sp.) tortoises. Twenty adult male tortoises housed under the same environmental conditions were enrolled for the study and randomly assigned to a treatment (D, n = 10) or a control (C, n = 10) group. Starting in May, males from the D group were implanted with a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate device, whereas males from the C group did not receive any treatment. Blood samples were collected once immediately before implant application (S0-May) and at 15 days (S1-June), 2 (S2-July), and 5 (S3-October) months after application. Serum testosterone at each sampling time was measured through a solid-phase, enzyme-labeled, competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay. Median serum testosterone concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups in all sampling times, and no interaction between treatment and sampling time was observed. The present study, therefore, suggests that a single treatment with a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant has no effect on testosterone circulation in male Hermann's and Greek tortoises during the following 5 months.
Topics: Animals; Male; Dogs; Turtles; Greece
PubMed: 37173553
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10138-6 -
Animal Reproduction Jan 2020Although equine blastocysts ≤ 300 µm in diameter can be successfully vitrified, larger equine blastocysts are not good candidates for cryopreservation. As Na,...
Although equine blastocysts ≤ 300 µm in diameter can be successfully vitrified, larger equine blastocysts are not good candidates for cryopreservation. As Na, K-ATPase is involved in maintaining blastocyst expansion, perhaps inhibition of this enzyme would be a viable method of reducing blastocyst diameter prior to cryopreservation. Objectives were to evaluate effects of ouabain-induced inhibition of Na, K-ATPase in equine blastocysts. Sixteen mares were ultrasonographically monitored, given deslorelin acetate to induce ovulation, and inseminated. Embryos (D7 and D9) were harvested and Na, K-ATPase inhibited for 1 or 6 h by exposure to 10 M ouabain, either natural ouabain or conjugated to fluorescein (OuabainFL), during incubation at 37° C. Evaluations included morphometric characteristics (bright field microscopy) and viability (Hoescht 33342 + propidium iodide). Blastocysts incubated for 6 h in Holding medium + ouabain (n=3) had, on average, a 45.7% reduction in diameter, with adverse morphologic features and no re-expansion after subsequent incubation in Holding medium for 12 h. In subsequent studies, even a 1-h exposure to Ouabain or OuabainFL, caused similar reductions, namely 38.7 ± 6.7% (n=5) and 33.6 ± 3.3% (n=7) for D7 and D9 blastocysts, respectively. Ouabain binding was confirmed after OuabainFL exposition and all embryos (n=12) lost viability. We concluded that Na, K-ATPase inhibition with ouabain caused death of equine blastocysts and therefore was not a viable method of reducing blastocyst size prior to cryopreservation.
PubMed: 32368275
DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-AR2019-0079 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021Deslorelin slow-released implants are registered in Europe for the reversible suppression of fertility in male dogs. After administration, a time-limited increase in sex...
Deslorelin slow-released implants are registered in Europe for the reversible suppression of fertility in male dogs. After administration, a time-limited increase in sex hormones concentration and related behavioral problems may be observed. The aim of this work was to assess whether cyproterone acetate, a synthetic progestogen, can prevent this flare-up effect. Eighteen privately-owned entire male dogs were enrolled in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. All subjects received a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant by SC route and 1-3 capsules containing either cyproterone acetate 2 mg/kg ( = 9) or a placebo ( = 9), by oral route BID for 14 days, depending on the dog's weight. The dogs were followed for 28 days. An increase in the blood testosterone concentration was observed in respectively 9/9 and 7/9 dogs of the control and cyproterone groups ( = 0.47). However, a worsening of the sex hormone related problems (i.e., urinary marking, mounting, aggressiveness toward other dogs and/or escape) was only observed in the placebo group, in 56 or 66% of the dogs as measured by respectively the veterinarian and the owners. Our study suggests that cyproterone acetate is effective and safe to supress the deslorelin induced behavioral flare-up effect, but not the rise in testosterone.
PubMed: 34660758
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.714154