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Scientific Reports Oct 2020Brillouin-Raman microspectroscopy is presented as an innovative label-free all-optical investigation approachable to characterize the chemical composition and the...
Brillouin-Raman microspectroscopy is presented as an innovative label-free all-optical investigation approachable to characterize the chemical composition and the mechanical properties of human tissues at micrometric resolution. Brillouin maps unveil mechanical heterogeneities in a human femoral diaphysis, showing a ubiquitous co-existence of hard and soft components, even in the most compact sections. The novel correlative analysis of Brillouin and Raman maps shows that the relative intensity of Brillouin peaks is a good proxy for the fraction of mineralized fibers and that the stiffness (longitudinal elastic modulus) of the hard component is linearly dependent on the hydroxyapatite concentration. For the soft component, a gradient of composition is found, ranging from an abundance of proteins in the more compact, external, bone to abundance of lipids, carotenoids, and heme groups approaching the trabecular, inner, part of the diaphysis. This work unveils the strong potential of correlative mechano-chemical characterization of human tissues at a micrometric resolution for both fundamental and translational research.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Diaphyses; Elastic Modulus; Femur; Humans; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 33060731
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74330-3 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) May 2013Ontogenetic growth processes in human long bones are key elements, determining the variability of adult bone structure. This study seeks to identify and describe the...
Ontogenetic growth processes in human long bones are key elements, determining the variability of adult bone structure. This study seeks to identify and describe the interaction between ontogenetic growth periods and changes in femoral and tibial diaphyseal shape. Femora and tibiae (n = 46) ranging developmentally from neonate to skeletally mature were obtained from the Norris Farms No. 36 archeological skeletal series. High-resolution X-ray computed tomography scans were collected. Whole-diaphysis cortical bone drift patterns and relative bone envelope modeling activity across ages were assessed in five cross-sections per bone (total bone length: 20%, 35%, 50%, 65%, and 80%) by measuring the distance from the section centroid to the endosteal and periosteal margins in eight sectors using ImageJ. Pearson correlations were performed to document and interpret the relationship between the cross-sectional shape (Imax /Imin ), total subperiosteal area, cortical area, and medullary cavity area for each slice location and age for both the femur and the tibia. Differences in cross-sectional shape between age groups at each cross-sectional position were assessed using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests. The data reveal that the femoral and tibial midshaft shape are relatively conserved throughout growth; yet, conversely, the proximal and distal femoral diaphysis and proximal tibial diaphysis appear more sensitive to developmentally induced changes in mechanical loading. Two time periods of accelerated change are identified: early childhood and prepuberty/adolescence.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Diaphyses; Femur; Humans; Infant; Tibia
PubMed: 23533061
DOI: 10.1002/ar.22688 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2020The interaction of hematopoietic cells and the bone microenvironment to maintain bone homeostasis is increasingly appreciated. We hypothesized that the transfer of...
The interaction of hematopoietic cells and the bone microenvironment to maintain bone homeostasis is increasingly appreciated. We hypothesized that the transfer of allogeneic T lymphocytes has extensive effects on bone biology and investigated trabecular and cortical bone structures, the osteoblast reconstitution, and the bone vasculature in experimental hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT). Allogeneic or syngeneic hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and allogeneic T lymphocytes were isolated and transferred in a murine model. After 20, 40, and 60 days, bone structures were visualized using microCT and histology. Immune cells were monitored using flow cytometry and bone vessels, bone cells and immune cells were fluorescently stained and visualized. Remodeling of the bone substance, the bone vasculature and bone cell subsets were found to occur as early as day +20 after allogeneic HSCT (including allogeneic T lymphocytes) but not after syngeneic HSCT. We discovered that allogeneic HSCT (including allogeneic T lymphocytes) results in a transient increase of trabecular bone number and bone vessel density. This was paralleled by a cortical thinning as well as disruptive osteoblast lining and loss of B lymphocytes. In summary, our data demonstrate that the adoptive transfer of allogeneic HSCs and allogeneic T lymphocytes can induce profound structural and spatial changes of bone tissue homeostasis as well as bone marrow cell composition, underlining the importance of the adaptive immune system for maintaining a balanced bone biology.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Remodeling; Diaphyses; Graft vs Host Disease; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Immunophenotyping; Mice; Osteoblasts; T-Lymphocytes; Transplantation Chimera; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 33383915
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010267 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Jun 2015Mice are widely used in studies of skeletal biology, and assessment of their bones by mechanical testing is a critical step when evaluating the functional effects of an... (Review)
Review
Mice are widely used in studies of skeletal biology, and assessment of their bones by mechanical testing is a critical step when evaluating the functional effects of an experimental perturbation. For example, a gene knockout may target a pathway important in bone formation and result in a "low bone mass" phenotype. But how well does the skeleton bear functional loads; eg, how much do bones deform during loading and how resistant are bones to fracture? By systematic evaluation of bone morphological, densitometric, and mechanical properties, investigators can establish the "biomechanical mechanisms" whereby an experimental perturbation alters whole-bone mechanical function. The goal of this review is to clarify these biomechanical mechanisms and to make recommendations for systematically evaluating phenotypic changes in mouse bones, with a focus on long-bone diaphyses and cortical bone. Further, minimum reportable standards for testing conditions and outcome variables are suggested that will improve the comparison of data across studies. Basic biomechanical principles are reviewed, followed by a description of the cross-sectional morphological properties that best inform the net cellular effects of a given experimental perturbation and are most relevant to biomechanical function. Although morphology is critical, whole-bone mechanical properties can only be determined accurately by a mechanical test. The functional importance of stiffness, maximum load, postyield displacement, and work-to-fracture are reviewed. Because bone and body size are often strongly related, strategies to adjust whole-bone properties for body mass are detailed. Finally, a comprehensive framework is presented using real data, and several examples from the literature are reviewed to illustrate how to synthesize morphological, tissue-level, and whole-bone mechanical properties of mouse long bones.
Topics: Animals; Body Mass Index; Diaphyses; Fractures, Bone; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Mice; Weight-Bearing
PubMed: 25917136
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2539 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports Jul 2021Enchondroma is a solitary, benign, intramedullary cartilaginous tumor commonly noticed in the phalanges of hands and feet with characteristic radiological features. Its...
INTRODUCTION
Enchondroma is a solitary, benign, intramedullary cartilaginous tumor commonly noticed in the phalanges of hands and feet with characteristic radiological features. Its occurrence in aberrant sites with atypical features lead to diagnostic dilemma. Enchondromas which are usually managed non-operatively can mimic other benign and malignant lesions, especially chondrosarcoma.
CASE REPORT
We report the case of a 31-year-old farmer who presented with long standing inconspicuous pain in his left leg which turned out to be a diaphyseal enchondroma even though it demonstrated aggressive radiological features mimicking a chondrosarcoma. Incisional biopsy was done from the scalloped areas to obtain the correct histological diagnosis. He underwent thorough curettage of the lesion and remains asymptomatic 2 years after the procedure. We attempt to discuss the differentials which the orthopedic surgeon should keep in mind for diaphyseal lesions mimicking enchondroma.
CONCLUSION
Though classically found in metaphysis, Enchondromas are not uncommon in diaphysis of long bones. Enchondromas are generally benign, but can cause diagnostic dilemma when they present with aggressive features at rare locations and surgeons should be wary of the differentials. Despite a size of more than 6 cm and evidence of cortical erosion and intramedullary widening, the lesion could still be benign. Early biopsy will help to differentiate Enchondroma from a malignant transformation or malignant tumor.
PubMed: 34790593
DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2021.v11.i07.2292 -
Chinese Journal of Cancer May 2012To investigate the clinical characteristics of chondroblastoma with an emphasis on lesions located in the long bone diaphysis, we reviewed the clinical data of 7... (Review)
Review
To investigate the clinical characteristics of chondroblastoma with an emphasis on lesions located in the long bone diaphysis, we reviewed the clinical data of 7 patients with histologically proven chondroblastoma treated in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Fudan University Cancer Hospital between January 1995 and May 2009. There were two rare cases of chondroblastoma in the long bone diaphysis. One patient with a lesion in the tibial diaphysis underwent intralesional curettage and bone grafting, and the postoperative bone function was measured as excellent according to the Enneking scoring system. The patient was still alive upon follow-up at 60 months. The other patient with a lesion in the humeral diaphysis underwent resection, and the postoperative bone function was excellent at 48 months, at which there was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Thus, except for the distinctive site of the long bone diaphysis, which made diagnosis difficult, the patients' ages, symptoms, X-ray and CT images, treatment, and prognosis were in accordance with typical lesions in the epiphysis and metaphysis. The diagnosis of chondroblastoma in the long bone diaphysis significantly depends on histopathologic characteristics.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Transplantation; Chondroblastoma; Curettage; Diaphyses; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Humerus; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Tibia; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 22464651
DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10402 -
Acta Biomaterialia May 2021Critical-sized diaphysis defects are complicated by inherent sub-optimal healing conditions. The two-staged induced membrane technique has been used to treat these...
S53P4 bioactive glass scaffolds induce BMP expression and integrative bone formation in a critical-sized diaphysis defect treated with a single-staged induced membrane technique.
Critical-sized diaphysis defects are complicated by inherent sub-optimal healing conditions. The two-staged induced membrane technique has been used to treat these challenging defects since the 1980's. It involves temporary implantation of a membrane-inducing spacer and subsequent bone graft defect filling. A single-staged, graft-independent technique would reduce both socio-economic costs and patient morbidity. Our aim was to enable such single-staged approach through development of a strong bioactive glass scaffold that could replace both the spacer and the graft filling. We constructed amorphous porous scaffolds of the clinically used bioactive glass S53P4 and evaluated them in vivo using a critical-sized defect model in the weight-bearing femur diaphysis of New Zealand White rabbits. S53P4 scaffolds and standard polymethylmethacrylate spacers were implanted for 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Induced membranes were confirmed histologically, and their osteostimulative activity was evaluated through RT-qPCR of bone morphogenic protein 2, 4, and 7 (BMPs). Bone formation and osseointegration were examined using histology, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and micro-computed tomography imaging. Scaffold integration, defect union and osteosynthesis were assessed manually and with X-ray projections. We demonstrated that S53P4 scaffolds induce osteostimulative membranes and produce osseointegrative new bone formation throughout the scaffolds. We also demonstrated successful stable scaffold integration with early defect union at 8 weeks postoperative in critical-sized segmental diaphyseal defects with implanted sintered amorphous S53P4 scaffolds. This study presents important considerations for future research and the potential of the S53P4 bioactive glass as a bone substitute in large diaphyseal defects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Surgical management of critical-sized diaphyseal defects involves multiple challenges, and up to 10% result in delayed or non-union. The two-staged induced membrane technique is successfully used to treat these defects, but it is limited by the need of several procedures and bone graft. Repeated procedures increase costs and morbidity, while grafts are subject to donor-site complications and scarce availability. To transform this two-staged technique into one graft-independent procedure, we developed amorphous porous scaffolds sintered from the clinically used bioactive glass S53P4. This work constitutes the first evaluation of such scaffolds in vivo in a critical-sized diaphyseal defect in the weight-bearing rabbit femur. We provide important knowledge and prospects for future development of sintered S53P4 scaffolds as a bone substitute.
Topics: Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Bone Regeneration; Bone Substitutes; Diaphyses; Glass; Osteogenesis; Rabbits; Tissue Scaffolds; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 33774197
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.035 -
Journal of Human Evolution Jun 2017Studies of ancient human skeletal remains frequently proceed from the assumption that individuals with robust limb bones and/or rugose, hypertrophic entheses can be...
Studies of ancient human skeletal remains frequently proceed from the assumption that individuals with robust limb bones and/or rugose, hypertrophic entheses can be inferred to have been highly physically active during life. Here, we experimentally test this assumption by measuring the effects of exercise on limb bone structure and entheseal morphology in turkeys. Growing females were either treated with a treadmill-running regimen for 10 weeks or served as controls. After the experiment, femoral cortical and trabecular bone structure were quantified with μCT in the mid-diaphysis and distal epiphysis, respectively, and entheseal morphology was quantified in the lateral epicondyle. The results indicate that elevated levels of physical activity affect limb bone structure but not entheseal morphology. Specifically, animals subjected to exercise displayed enhanced diaphyseal and trabecular bone architecture relative to controls, but no significant difference was detected between experimental groups in entheseal surface topography. These findings suggest that diaphyseal and trabecular structure are more reliable proxies than entheseal morphology for inferring ancient human physical activity levels from skeletal remains.
Topics: Animals; Bone Density; Bone and Bones; Diaphyses; Exercise; Female; Femur; Fossils; Humans; Running
PubMed: 28526286
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.02.001 -
Joint Diseases and Related Surgery Apr 2023This study aims to compare the clinical and radiological results of intramedullary nailing and plating, which are both techniques utilized frequently in the surgical...
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to compare the clinical and radiological results of intramedullary nailing and plating, which are both techniques utilized frequently in the surgical treatment of isolated fractures of the distal third of the ulna diaphysis.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Between January 2010 and December 2016, a total of 54 patients (34 males, 20 females; mean age: 37.8±7.4 years; range, 22 to 56 years) with isolated fractures of the distal third of the ulna diaphysis were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into those treated with locking plates (Plating group, n=25) and those treated with intramedullary nailing (IMN group, n=29). The operating time and clinical and radiological results were compared between the groups.
RESULTS
The median follow-up time was 93 (range, 84.5 to 99.5) months in the Pg and 86 (range, 80 to 97) months in the IMNg (p=0.179). No significant difference was observed between the groups in respect of age, sex, trauma mechanism, fracture classification, smoking status, and time from trauma to surgery. The median operating time was 46 min in the Pg and 33 min in the IMNg (p<0.001). No significant difference was found in the postoperative length of stay in hospital, reduction quality, infection rates, clinical results, radiological results, and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick DASH) score between the groups. Implant removal was only needed in the locking plate group (p=0.007).
CONCLUSION
In the surgical treatment of isolated fractures of the distal third of the ulna diaphysis, locked IMN seems to be a good alternative to the plate method with a shorter operating time and less need for implant removal.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary; Diaphyses; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Fracture Healing; Bone Nails; Fractures, Bone; Ulna
PubMed: 37462641
DOI: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.992 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Apr 2021This study was conducted to evaluate clinically and radiologically the patients for whom compressive and non-compressive intramedullary nails were applied and to analyse...
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to evaluate clinically and radiologically the patients for whom compressive and non-compressive intramedullary nails were applied and to analyse the compression effectiveness in adult femur distal diaphysis fractures.
HYPOTHESIS
The compressive locked nails shortened the union period in the distal diaphysis fractures, and it was found to be an effective method, as the pseudoarthrosis rate was lower.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted among 59 patients for whom the compressive and non-compressive IMNs were applied to treat femur distal diaphysis fractures. Thirty-one for whom the non-compressive IMN was applied were categorised as group I, and 28 for whom the compressive nail was applied were categorised as group II. Finite element analysis was performed using 1.5mm compression, and a mean stress value of 34.67Mpa.
RESULTS
The mean values of union period were calculated as 13.6±2.4 weeks (range: 11-20 months) and functional score was 79.2, respectively in group I, and they were evaluated as a good grade. In group II, the respective mean values of union period were 11.5±2.6 weeks (range: 10-17 months) and functional score was 86, and they were evaluated as excellent.
CONCLUSION
Radiological and functional scores were determined to be better with interlocking compressive nails and shortened the fracture union period in the follow-up in adult femur distal diaphysis fractures.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
III; retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Bone Nails; Diaphyses; Femoral Fractures; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary; Fracture Healing; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33333271
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2020.102786