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Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine =... Dec 2016Oxidative stress is one of the key mechanisms responsible for disease progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum...
INTRODUCTION
Oxidative stress is one of the key mechanisms responsible for disease progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of oxidative stress markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and test their relationships with clinical and biochemical patient characteristics, compared to patients with DMT2 without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and controls.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In all, 60 consecutive patients with DMT2 and NASH, 55 with DMT2 without NAFLD, and 50 age-and-gender-matched healthy subjects participated in the study. The serum levels of protein carbonyls and 8-isoprostane were determined by ELISA methods, while the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by means of the spectrophotometric method. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory parameters were examined for all the subjects included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test the independent predictive factors in the relationships investigated here.
RESULTS
Patients with DMT2 and NASH displayed significantly higher serum levels of protein carbonyls (1.112 ± 0.42 nmol/dL), MDA (6.181 ± 1.81 ng/mL), and 8-isoprostane (338.6 ± 98.5 pg/mL) compared to patients with DMT2 without NAFLD, and controls. Results of multivariate logistic regression analyses indicate that in patients with DMT2 and NASH, the serum levels of oxidative stress markers were independently and positively associated with: HbA1c, duration of diabetes, the UKPDS cardiovascular risk score (for protein carbonyls); age, LDL-cholesterol (for 8-isoprostane); and triglycerides serum levels (for MDA).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that the process of oxidative stress tends to increase in patients with DMT2 and NASH, compared to patients with DMT2 without NAFLD, and controls. This evidence suggests that an antioxidant therapy might prove useful in the treatment of patients with DMT2 and NASH.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Male; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Oxidative Stress; Protein Carbonylation; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28002036
DOI: 10.1515/rjim-2016-0035 -
Journal of Internal Medicine Oct 2004It is well known that free radicals contribute to endothelial dysfunction and are involved in the pathogenesis and development of cardiovascular diseases, such as...
OBJECTIVE
It is well known that free radicals contribute to endothelial dysfunction and are involved in the pathogenesis and development of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to provide evidence for enhanced oxidative stress in coronary artery disease (CAD).
METHODS
Plasma levels of 8-isoprostane (8-epiPGF(2alpha)), marker of lipid peroxidation, were measured in 68 subjects (age: 60 +/- 2 years, mean +/- SEM). Subjects included 30 healthy control subjects and 38 patients with angiographically proven CAD. In addition, the total antioxidant power (PAO) was evaluated in a subgroup (40 subjects, 12 healthy and 28 CAD).
RESULTS
Levels of 8-epiPGF(2alpha) increased with the number of affected vessels (one- and multi-vessel disease versus control subjects, P < 0.001) and considering different risk determinants for atherosclerosis (i.e. hypertension, gender, hypercholesterolaemia, P < 0.01). In multivariate regression models the number of affected vessels was independently correlated with 8-epiPGF(2alpha) (P < 0.05). PAO values significantly decreased with increased number of affected vessels (P < 0.05) and in hypertensive patients when compared with those without hypertension (P < 0.05). In multivariate regression models the number of affected vessels resulted an independent determinant for PAO (P < 0.05). Concentration of 8-epiPGF(2alpha) and PAO also correlated with the number of cardiovascular risk factors (P < 0.01 and P = 0.07, respectively).
CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that elevated levels of plasma 8-epiPGF(2alpha) and reduced antioxidant capacity are associated with the extent and the severity of CAD and with the occurrence and number of different atherogenic risk factors. This observation may assist in providing more information as to how oxidative stress may predispose to atherogenesis and suggest attractive therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Coronary Artery Disease; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Risk Factors
PubMed: 15367173
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01373.x -
International Journal of Chronic... 2008Limited information exists regarding measurement, reproducibility and interrelationships of non-invasive biomarkers in smokers. We compared exhaled breath condensate...
Limited information exists regarding measurement, reproducibility and interrelationships of non-invasive biomarkers in smokers. We compared exhaled breath condensate (EBC) leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 8-isoprostane, exhaled nitric oxide, induced sputum, spirometry, plethysmography, impulse oscillometry and methacholine reactivity in 18 smokers and 10 non-smokers. We assessed the relationships between these measurements and within-subject reproducibility of EBC biomarkers in smokers. Compared to non-smokers, smokers had significantly lower MMEF % predicted (mean 64.1 vs 77.7, p = 0.003), FEV1/FVC (mean 76.2 vs 79.8 p = 0.05), specific conductance (geometric mean 1.2 vs 1.6, p = 0.02), higher resonant frequency (mean 15.5 vs 9.9, p = 0.01) and higher EBC 8-isoprostane (geometric mean 49.9 vs 8.9 pg/ml p = 0.001). Median EBC pH values were similar, but a subgroup of smokers had airway acidification (pH < 7.2) not observed in non-smokers. Smokers had predominant sputum neutrophilia (mean 68.5%). Repeated EBC measurements showed no significant differences between group means, but Bland Altman analysis showed large individual variability. EBC 8-isoprostane correlated with EBC LTB4 (r = 0.78, p = 0.0001). Sputum supernatant IL-8 correlated with total neutrophil count per gram of sputum (r = 0.52, p = 0.04) and with EBC pH (r = -0.59, p = 0.02). In conclusion, smokers had evidence of small airway dysfunction, increased airway resistance, reduced lung compliance, airway neutrophilia and oxidative stress.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Case-Control Studies; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Leukotriene B4; Male; Middle Aged; Nitric Oxide; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking; Total Lung Capacity
PubMed: 18488441
DOI: 10.2147/copd.s1850 -
Theriogenology Oct 2021The aim of this work was to evaluate pregnancy rates (PR) and ovulatory characteristics of Nelore cows receiving PGF2α at the time of AI (artificial insemination) in a...
The aim of this work was to evaluate pregnancy rates (PR) and ovulatory characteristics of Nelore cows receiving PGF2α at the time of AI (artificial insemination) in a progesterone(P4)/estradiol-based timed-AI protocol. We also compared the effects of PGF2α treatment at AI in cows inseminated with conventional or sex-sorted semen, with the absence or expression of estrus. In experiment 1, a total of 701 suckled, multiparous Nelore cows from two commercial beef farms were submitted to the same protocol. All cows received a 12.5 mg (IM) injection of dinoprost tromethamine (Dinoprost; Lutalyse®; PGF treatment) at days 7 and 9 of a timed-AI protocol. Following P4 device removal (day 11; D11), AI was performed 48 h later with conventional or sex-sorted semen from two different sires. At AI, cows received an additional dose of 12.5 mg (IM) of Dinoprost (PGF treatment) or 2.5 mL (IM) of sterile saline (Control). Estrus behavior was determined at D11 by activation of an estrus detection device (Estrotect®). The overall PR was 32.8% (n = 348) at Farm 1 and 42.3% (n = 353) at Farm 2 (P = 0.01). Despite PR differences between farms, the same factors affected PR at Farms 1 and 2. Body condition score (P = 0.02), estrus behavior (P = 0.01), and type of semen (P < 0.001) were factors affecting PR. Conventional semen had a 2.73x greater chance of successful pregnancy than sex-sorted semen. Cows displaying estrus had a 2.5x greater chance of successful pregnancy than cows that did not display estrus. No treatment effect (P = 0.67) was detected in cows receiving conventional or sex-sorted semen. However, there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for an interaction between treatment (PGF or control) and estrus behavior (estrus or no estrus). PGF2α at the time of AI tended to increase PR of cows that did not display estrus (P < 0.10). In experiment 2, 29 suckled, multiparous Nelore cows were compared using B-mode and Doppler ultrasongraphy to assess the ovulatory characteristics of cows receiving the 12.5 mg (IM) injection of Dinoprost (PGF treatment) or saline solution (control) at D11. No significant effects of PGF2α treatment at D11 were observed in follicular characteristics and/or ovulation performance. It was concluded that fertility of sex-sorted semen was lower than conventional semen, regardless of the PGF2α treatment. The 12.5 mg treatment of Dinoprost at AI did not accelerate the occurrence of ovulation; however, it was interesting to note that PGF2α treatment at timed-AI appeared to increase the fertility of cows that did not display estrus, independent of semen type.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Dinoprost; Estrus; Estrus Synchronization; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Insemination, Artificial; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Semen
PubMed: 34455244
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.023 -
Drug Metabolism and Disposition: the... Sep 2013Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extracts, one of the most widely used dietary supplements, contain a mixture of six major flavonolignans (silybin A, silybin B,...
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extracts, one of the most widely used dietary supplements, contain a mixture of six major flavonolignans (silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, isosilybin B, silychristin, and silydianin) and other components. However, the pharmacokinetics of the free individual flavonolignans have been only partially investigated in humans. Furthermore, antioxidant effects of the extract, which may underlie the basis of many therapeutic effects, have not been thoroughly assessed. The present study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of the six major flavonolignans in healthy volunteers receiving single doses of either one (175 mg), two (350 mg), or three (525 mg) milk thistle capsule(s) on three separate study visits. Additionally, the steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after the subjects were administered one capsule three times daily for 28 consecutive days. Our results demonstrated that all six flavonolignans were rapidly absorbed and eliminated. In order of abundance, the exposure to free flavonolignans was greatest for silybin A followed by silybin B, isosilybin B, isosilybin A, silychristin, and silydianin. The systemic exposure to these compounds appeared linear and dose proportional. The disposition of flavonolignans was stereoselective, as evidenced by the apparent clearance of silybin B, which was significantly greater than silybin A, whereas the apparent clearance of isosilybin B was significantly lower than isosilybin A. The concentrations of urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α, a commonly used biomarker of oxidative status in humans, were considerably decreased in study subjects after a 28-day exposure to the extract (1.3 ± 0.9 versus 0.8 ± 0.9 ng/mg creatinine) but failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.076).
Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Dinoprost; F2-Isoprostanes; Female; Flavonolignans; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Silybum marianum; Silybin; Silymarin; Young Adult
PubMed: 23835761
DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.052423 -
The Journal of Reproduction and... Dec 2022In mammals, the corpus luteum (CL) is a transient organ that secretes progesterone (P4). In the absence of pregnancy, the CL undergoes regression (luteolysis), which is...
In mammals, the corpus luteum (CL) is a transient organ that secretes progesterone (P4). In the absence of pregnancy, the CL undergoes regression (luteolysis), which is a crucial preparation step for the next estrous cycle. Luteolysis, initiated by uterine prostaglandin F (PGF) in cattle, is usually divided into two phases, namely functional luteolysis characterized by a decline in P4 concentration and structural luteolysis characterized by the elimination of luteal tissues from the ovary. Programmed cell death (PCD) of luteal cells, including luteal steroidogenic cells (LSCs) and luteal endothelial cells (LECs), plays a crucial role in structural luteolysis. The main types of PCD are caspase-dependent apoptosis (type 1), autophagic cell death (ACD) via the autophagy-related gene (ATG) family (type 2), and receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)-dependent programmed necrosis (necroptosis, type 3). However, these PCD signaling pathways are not completely independent and interact with each other. Over the past several decades, most studies on luteolysis have focused on apoptosis as the principal mode of bovine luteal cell death. Recently, ATG family members were reported to be expressed in bovine CL, and their levels increased during luteolysis. Furthermore, the expression of RIPKs, which are crucial mediators of necroptosis, is reported to increase in bovine CL during luteolysis and is upregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in bovine LSCs and LECs. Therefore, apoptosis, ACD, and necroptosis may contribute to bovine CL regression. In this article, we present the recent findings regarding the mechanisms of the three main types of PCD and the contribution of these mechanisms to luteolysis.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Cattle; Animals; Luteolysis; Necroptosis; Autophagic Cell Death; Endothelial Cells; Dinoprost; Corpus Luteum; Apoptosis; Mammals
PubMed: 36384912
DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2022-097 -
Free Radical Biology & Medicine Aug 2013Ozone exposure effect on free radical-catalyzed oxidation products of lipids, proteins, and DNA in the plasma and urine of rats was studied as a continuation of the...
Ozone exposure effect on free radical-catalyzed oxidation products of lipids, proteins, and DNA in the plasma and urine of rats was studied as a continuation of the international Biomarker of Oxidative Stress Study (BOSS) sponsored by NIEHS/NIH. The goal was to identify a biomarker for ozone-induced oxidative stress and to assess whether inconsistent results often reported in the literature might be due to the limitations of the available methods for measuring the various types of oxidative products. The time- and dose-dependent effects of ozone exposure on rat plasma lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, F2-isoprostanes, protein carbonyls, methionine oxidation, and tyrosine- and phenylalanine oxidation products, as well as urinary malondialdehyde and F2-isoprostanes were investigated with various techniques. The criterion used to recognize a marker in the model of ozone exposure was that a significant effect could be identified and measured in a biological fluid seen at both doses at more than one time point. No statistically significant differences between the experimental and the control groups at either ozone dose and time point studied could be identified in this study. Tissue samples were not included. Despite all the work accomplished in the BOSS study of ozone, no available product of oxidation in biological fluid has yet met the required criteria of being a biomarker. The current negative findings as a consequence of ozone exposure are of great importance, because they document that in complex systems, as the present in vivo experiment, the assays used may not provide meaningful data of ozone oxidation, especially in human studies.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; DNA; Dinoprost; Lipid Peroxides; Lipids; Male; Malondialdehyde; Methionine; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Ozone; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344
PubMed: 23608465
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.023 -
Journal of Developmental Origins of... Apr 2017Oxidative stress has been linked to many obesity-related conditions among children including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Exposure to...
Oxidative stress has been linked to many obesity-related conditions among children including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Exposure to environmental chemicals such as phthalates, ubiquitously found in humans, may also generate reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress. We examined longitudinal changes of 8-isoprostane urinary concentrations, a validated biomarker of oxidative stress, and associations with maternal prenatal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites for 258 children at 5, 9 and 14 years of age participating in a birth cohort residing in an agricultural area in California. Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, and in utero exposure has been also linked to altered lipid metabolism, as well as adverse birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. We found that median creatinine-corrected 8-isoprostane concentrations remained constant across all age groups and did not differ by sex. Total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were positively associated with 8-isoprostane in 14-year-old children. No associations were observed between 8-isoprostane and body mass index (BMI), BMI Z-score or waist circumference at any age. Concentrations of three metabolites of high molecular weight phthalates measured at 13 weeks of gestation (monobenzyl, monocarboxyoctyl and monocarboxynonyl phthalates) were negatively associated with 8-isoprostane concentrations among 9-year olds. However, at 14 years of age, isoprostane concentrations were positively associated with two other metabolites (mono(2-ethylhexyl) and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalates) measured in early pregnancy. Longitudinal data on 8-isoprostane in this pediatric population with a high prevalence of obesity provides new insight on certain potential cardiometabolic risks of prenatal exposure to phthalates.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Maternal Exposure; Mexican Americans; Obesity; Phthalic Acids; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prevalence; United States; Vasoconstrictor Agents
PubMed: 28031075
DOI: 10.1017/S2040174416000763 -
International Journal of Molecular... 2011The aim of the present study was to look into the possible protective effects of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) against isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction in...
The aim of the present study was to look into the possible protective effects of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) against isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction in Sprague-Dawley rats. The effect of three doses of glycyrrhizic acid in response to isoproterenol (ISO)-induced changes in 8-isoprostane, lipid hydroperoxides, super oxide dismutase and total glutathione were evaluated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, ISO-control, glycyrrhizic acid alone (in three doses-5, 10 and 20 mg/kg BW) and ISO with glycyrrhizic acid (in three doses) groups. ISO was administered at 85 mg/kg BW at two consecutive days and glycyrrhizic acid was administered intraperitoneally for 14 days. There was a significant increase in 8-isoprostane (IP) and lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) level in ISO-control group. A significant decrease in total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total glutathione (GSH) was seen with ISO-induced acute myocardial infarction. Treatment with GA significantly increased SOD and GSH levels and decreased myocardial LPO and IP levels. Histopathologically, severe myocardial necrosis and nuclear pyknosis and hypertrophy were seen in ISO-control group, which was significantly reduced with GA treatment. Gycyrrhizic acid treatment proved to be effective against isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction in rats and GA acts as a powerful antioxidant and reduces the myocardial lipid hydroperoxide and 8-isoprostane level.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cardiotonic Agents; Dinoprost; Glutathione; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Isoproterenol; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 22072938
DOI: 10.3390/ijms12107100 -
Psychiatria Danubina 2020Cerebrospinal levels of isoprostanes (IsoPs) have been established as biomarkers of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). The value of...
BACKGROUND
Cerebrospinal levels of isoprostanes (IsoPs) have been established as biomarkers of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). The value of peripheral levels in the diagnostics of these diseases is less conclusive. The aim of this study was to determine serum 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2α) levels in Bosnian AD and VD patients and to establish whether there is an association between 8-iso-PGF2α serum concentration and cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with dementia.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Serum levels of 8-iso-PGF2α were measured by enzyme immunoassay method in AD (n=30) and VD patients (n=30) and control subjects (CG, n=30). The AD and VD group were further stratified according to the level of CI.
RESULTS
The serum 8-iso-PGF2α levels were significantly higher in the AD (74.00 pg/mL) and VD groups (38.00 pg/mL) compared to the CG (17.50 pg/mL). A significant difference in serum 8-iso-PGF2α levels between patients with moderate and severe CI was not established in either AD or VD.
CONCLUSION
Serum 8-iso-PGF2α proved to be a good biomarker in AD and VD, however it cannot be recommended for the differentiation of moderate and severe CI.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Biomarkers; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Dementia, Vascular; Dinoprost; Female; Humans; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 33370737
DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2020.389