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Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2013Many cestodes are capable of invading the central nervous system (CNS), and several are highly prevalent in the developing world. Neurocysticercosis due to Taenia solium... (Review)
Review
Many cestodes are capable of invading the central nervous system (CNS), and several are highly prevalent in the developing world. Neurocysticercosis due to Taenia solium and echinococcosis due to Echinoccocus granulosus are two of the most common parasitic infections affecting humans, but other less well-known parasites can also infect the nervous system. Coenurosis, caused by Taenia spp. such as T. multiceps, T. serialis, or T. brauni; sparganosis, caused by Spirometra spp., and neurocysticercosis caused by T. crassiceps are three less frequent zoonotic conditions that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with CNS infection - especially if they have lived in or traveled through areas where these infections are endemic. Diagnosis of these infections is typically made through a combination of serological testing, histopathology, and neuroimaging.
Topics: Animals; Cestoda; Cestode Infections; Cysticercosis; Humans; Sparganosis
PubMed: 23829923
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53490-3.00027-3 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Oct 2005Cases of human diphyllobothriasis have been reported worldwide. Only 1 case in Brazil was diagnosed by our institution from January 1998 to December 2003. By comparison,...
Cases of human diphyllobothriasis have been reported worldwide. Only 1 case in Brazil was diagnosed by our institution from January 1998 to December 2003. By comparison, 18 cases were diagnosed from March 2004 to January 2005. All patients who became infected ate raw fish in sushi or sashimi.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Brazil; Diphyllobothriasis; Diphyllobothrium; Female; Food Contamination; Food Parasitology; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Ovum; Perciformes; Salmo salar; Seafood
PubMed: 16318703
DOI: 10.3201/eid1110.050377 -
British Medical Journal May 1968
Topics: Ascariasis; Cestode Infections; Cysticercosis; Diphyllobothriasis; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Helminthiasis; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Nematode Infections; Schistosomiasis; Strongyloidiasis; Taeniasis
PubMed: 5648294
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5603.475 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Sep 1992
Topics: Angiostrongylus cantonensis; Animals; Brain Abscess; Developing Countries; Diagnostic Errors; Humans; India; Sparganosis; Spirometra; Strongylida Infections
PubMed: 1285777
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.55.9.861 -
Eye (London, England) Sep 2019Orbital sparganosis represents an extremely rare condition with only a few cases being reported in literature. Here we describe cases of orbital sparganosis, including...
PURPOSE/BACKGROUND
Orbital sparganosis represents an extremely rare condition with only a few cases being reported in literature. Here we describe cases of orbital sparganosis, including their etiology, clinical findings, and surgical outcomes.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A retrospective review was performed on patients with orbital sparganosis, who were treated at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, of Sun Yat-sen University, China between 2000 and 2012.
RESULTS
Five patients (three males and two females, one right orbit and four left orbits) were identified. Their mean age was 14.8 years (range = 6-33 years). Four cases were contracted from eating raw snakes and fishes, or placing poultices of frog on open wounds. All cases showed a swelling and/or redness of the eyelid and conjunctiva, and a migrating inflammation was present in one of the cases. High levels of blood eosinophils were observed in three of these cases. Of the two patients examined using computed tomography, one showed a diffuse soft tissue infiltration and a punctate calcification, while one of the three patients examined using magnetic resonance imaging displayed an annular "tunnel sign" within the lesion. All patients underwent an anterior orbitotomy and the entire worm was removed with no surgical complications.
CONCLUSIONS
Orbital sparganosis should be highly suspected in patients with a history of eating raw snakes and frogs, a migrating orbital inflammation and the presence of eosinophilia. Orbital imaging examinations play an important role in the diagnosis of orbital sparganosis. Surgical removal of the entire worm is required.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Asian People; Child; China; Eye Infections, Parasitic; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Orbital Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Sparganosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Visual Acuity; Young Adult
PubMed: 30944463
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0427-x -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Aug 2018We report 958 cases of cestodiasis occurring in Japan during 2001-2016. The predominant pathogen was Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense tapeworm (n = 825), which caused 86.1%...
We report 958 cases of cestodiasis occurring in Japan during 2001-2016. The predominant pathogen was Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense tapeworm (n = 825), which caused 86.1% of all cases. The other cestode species involved were Taenia spp. (10.3%), Diplogonoporus balaenopterae (3.3%), and Spirometra spp. (0.2%). We estimated D. nihonkaiense diphyllobothriasis incidence as 52 cases/year. We observed a predominance of cases during March-July, coinciding with the cherry salmon and immature chum salmon fishing season, but cases were present year-round, suggesting that other fish could be involved in transmission to humans. Because of increased salmon trade, increased tourism in Japan, and lack of awareness of the risks associated with eating raw fish, cases of D. nihonkaiense diphyllobothriasis are expected to rise. Therefore, information regarding these concerning parasitic infections and warnings of the potential risks associated with these infections must be disseminated to consumers, food producers, restaurant owners, physicians, and travelers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Diphyllobothriasis; Diphyllobothrium; Female; Food Parasitology; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Seasons; Young Adult
PubMed: 30016246
DOI: 10.3201/eid2408.171454 -
International Journal of Infectious... Dec 2016Sparganosis is an important parasitic disease in Guangzhou and is mainly acquired through the consumption of frog meat or contact with fresh frogs infected by larval... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Sparganosis is an important parasitic disease in Guangzhou and is mainly acquired through the consumption of frog meat or contact with fresh frogs infected by larval stages (spargana) of the tapeworm species Spirometra mansoni.
METHODS
In this study, the prevalence of intestinal S. mansoni infections (with adult parasites) in dogs and cats and of extraintestinal S. mansoni infections (with spargana) in frogs was assessed. In addition, a questionnaire survey was carried out among residents in Guangzhou City in order to evaluate their awareness about the medical and epidemiological relevance of Spirometra and sparganosis.
RESULTS
In total, the feces of 229 dogs and 116 cats were examined for eggs, and 1949 frogs were examined for spargana. Sixty-three dogs (27.5%) and 47 cats (40.5%) had eggs in their feces. Two hundred and sixteen out of 416 wild Rana tigrina rugulosa Wiegmann frogs examined were sparganum-positive, with an infection rate of 51.9%, while the infection rate in Rana limnocharis Boie was 35.1% (13/37). None of the tested farmed frogs (including R. tigrina rugulosa and Rana catesbeiana) was positive (0/1382). Analysis of the questionnaire revealed the following results: (1) about 41.0% of residents in Guangzhou had some knowledge of sparganosis or sparganum infection, and information in TV programs was the most important way that residents learned about sparganosis. (2) About 59.9% of the residents ate frog meat. Eating the meat, viscera, or blood of animals, e.g., frogs, snakes, pigs, chicken, mice, and birds, in an improper way might be the main means by which residents acquire the infection. (3) The risk of sparganum infection was higher in males than in females.
CONCLUSIONS
A high sparganum infection rate was observed in the wild frogs sold in agricultural product markets in Guangzhou. The infection was also serious in cats and dogs in Guangdong Province. With lifestyles and eating habits resulting in sparganum infection, it is necessary to focus on market management and community education in order to prevent the transmission of this disease in Guangzhou.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Cestode Infections; China; Dogs; Feces; Humans; Larva; Meat; Prevalence; Ranidae; Sparganosis; Sparganum; Spirometra
PubMed: 27777093
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.10.013 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Apr 2022Parasitic infections cause a huge burden of disease and are a current public health problem. The category of emerging or re-emerging disease is influenced by phenomena... (Review)
Review
Parasitic infections cause a huge burden of disease and are a current public health problem. The category of emerging or re-emerging disease is influenced by phenomena that occur in today's interconnected world because of globalization, the displacement of people, trade, uncoordinated urbanization and climate change, they have a very important influence on transmission of these diseases. In 2021 there was an increase in the number of patients who have required treatment for diphyllobothriasis in the Los Ríos Region. This article reviews aspects related to integrated Health Service networks to provide access to pharmacological treatments to patients diagnosed with diphyllobothriasis (tapeworm infection), implemented by the Valdivia Health Service Department, in collaboration with the San José de Osorno hospital, primary care centers and private centers in the Los Ríos Region.
Topics: Diphyllobothriasis; Humans; Praziquantel
PubMed: 35856998
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182022000200221 -
International Journal of Infectious... Apr 2022To differentiate diagnostic and prognostic factors from the clinical material of patients with cerebral sparganosis in central South China.
OBJECTIVE
To differentiate diagnostic and prognostic factors from the clinical material of patients with cerebral sparganosis in central South China.
METHODS
Consecutive patients with cerebral sparganosis from our hospital between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical manifestations, radiographic features, treatment, and outcomes of these patients were analyzed.
RESULTS
Thirty patients with cerebral sparganosis were included, and foci migration on magnetic resonance imaging was detected in 22 patients, from whom we observed 4 migration modes: interlobar migration (50.0%, 11/22); transmidline migration (27.3%, 6/22); transventricular migration (13.6%, 3/22); and cerebellum-brainstem migration (9.1%, 2/22). The percentage of good outcomes was higher in patients with live worm capture than in those without live worm capture (75.0%, 12/16 vs 33.3%, 2/6). Exposure to preoperative antiparasitic medication was associated with worm migration toward the cortical surface, which led to a higher probability of live worm capture.
CONCLUSIONS
We propose 4 modes of sparganosis migration that are correlated with worm capture and neurologic prognosis. We found that exposure to antiparasitic medication was associated with worm migration toward the cortical surface, leading to a higher probability of live worm capture. These observations suggest a novel significance for preoperative medication of cerebral sparganosis.
Topics: Antiparasitic Agents; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Sparganosis
PubMed: 35017108
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.01.005 -
Revista de NeurologiaEighty-five percent of all epileptics live in tropical regions. Prenatal risk factors, traumatic brain injuries and different parasitic infestations of the central... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Eighty-five percent of all epileptics live in tropical regions. Prenatal risk factors, traumatic brain injuries and different parasitic infestations of the central nervous system (CNS) are the reasons behind the high prevalence of epilepsy. This work reviews the main parasitic infestations causing epilepsy in the tropics.
DEVELOPMENT
Neurocysticercosis is the main cause of focal epilepsy in early adulthood in endemic areas (30-50%). All the phases of cysticerci (viable, transitional and calcified) are associated with epileptic seizures. Anti-cysticercus treatment helps get rid of cysticerci faster and reduces the risk of recurrence of seizures in patients with viable cysts. Symptomatic epilepsy can be the first manifestation of neuroschistosomiasis in patients without any systemic symptoms. The pseudotumoral form can trigger seizures secondary to the presence of granulomas and oedemas in the cerebral cortex. The eggs of Schistosoma japonicum are smaller, reach the CNS more easily and trigger epileptic seizures more frequently. Toxocariasis and sparganosis are other parasitic infestations that can give rise to symptomatic seizures. The risk factors for suffering chronic epilepsy after cerebral malaria are a positive familial history of epilepsy and a history of episodes of fever and cerebral malaria that began with coma or which progressed with multiple, prolonged epileptic seizures. About 20% of patients with cerebral infarction secondary to Chagas disease present late vascular epilepsy as a complication.
CONCLUSIONS
Very few studies have been conducted to examine the prognosis, risk of recurrence and modification of the natural course of seizures associated with tropical parasitic infestations, except for the case of neurocysticercosis.
Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Brain Injuries; Chagas Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Epilepsy; Humans; Malaria, Cerebral; Neurocysticercosis; Neuroschistosomiasis; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Sparganosis; Toxocariasis; Tropical Climate; Zoonoses
PubMed: 19859889
DOI: No ID Found