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Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Apr 2022Parasitic infections cause a huge burden of disease and are a current public health problem. The category of emerging or re-emerging disease is influenced by phenomena... (Review)
Review
Parasitic infections cause a huge burden of disease and are a current public health problem. The category of emerging or re-emerging disease is influenced by phenomena that occur in today's interconnected world because of globalization, the displacement of people, trade, uncoordinated urbanization and climate change, they have a very important influence on transmission of these diseases. In 2021 there was an increase in the number of patients who have required treatment for diphyllobothriasis in the Los Ríos Region. This article reviews aspects related to integrated Health Service networks to provide access to pharmacological treatments to patients diagnosed with diphyllobothriasis (tapeworm infection), implemented by the Valdivia Health Service Department, in collaboration with the San José de Osorno hospital, primary care centers and private centers in the Los Ríos Region.
Topics: Diphyllobothriasis; Humans; Praziquantel
PubMed: 35856998
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182022000200221 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Jun 2018Human sparganosis was diagnosed by morphological and genetic analyses in Korea. The complete mitochondrial genomes of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens...
Human sparganosis was diagnosed by morphological and genetic analyses in Korea. The complete mitochondrial genomes of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens isolated in Korea have been recorded. Present study was performed to provide information to diagnose the etiologic agent of sparganosis by multiplex PCR using mitochondrial genome sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. In an effort to examine the differential diagnosis of spirometrid tapeworms, multiplex PCR assays were performed on plerocercoid larvae of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. The PCR products obtained using species-specific primers were positively detected in all PCR assays on mixture of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens DNA. S. erinaceieuropaei-specific bands (239 bp and 401 bp) were obtained from all PCR assays using a mixture of S. erinaceieuropaei-specific primers (Se/Sd-1800F and Se-2018R; Se/Sd-7955F and Se-8356R) and S. erinaceieuropaei template DNA. S. decipiens-specific bands (540 bp and 644 bp) were also detected in all PCR assays containing mixtures of S. decipiens-specific primers (Se/Sd-1800F and Sd-2317R; Se/Sd-7955F and Sd-8567R) and S. decipiens template DNA. Sequence analyses on these species-specific bands revealed 100% sequence identity with homologous regions of the mtDNA sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. The multiplex PCR assay was useful for differential diagnosis of human sparganosis by detecting different sizes in species-specific bands.
Topics: DNA, Helminth; DNA, Mitochondrial; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sparganosis; Species Specificity; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 29996635
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.295 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 2017
Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Asian People; Brain; Central Nervous System Helminthiasis; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neurosurgical Procedures; Praziquantel; Sparganosis; Sparganum; Spine; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28122993
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01328-16 -
International Journal of Infectious... Nov 2005Sparganosis is a zoonosis that occurs occasionally in humans. The infection is reported in many countries but is most common in eastern Asia. In Thailand, a southeast... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Sparganosis is a zoonosis that occurs occasionally in humans. The infection is reported in many countries but is most common in eastern Asia. In Thailand, a southeast Asian country, the infection is sporadic.
DESIGN
In this study the clinical presentations of human sparganosis cases in Thailand were investigated by means of a literature review.
RESULTS
Reports of 34 cases of sparganosis were found. The infections were ocular (17 cases), subcutaneous (ten cases), central nervous system (five cases), auricular (one case), pulmonary (one case), intraosseous (one case) and intraperitoneal (one case). Of these 34 cases, 14 had risk behaviour reported, 12 had a history of drinking impure water, five had a history of eating frog or snake meat and two had a history of using frog or snake meat as a poultice. Some cases had more than one risk factor.
CONCLUSION
Most cases of sparganosis in Thailand presented with superficial ocular mass lesions. The major risk behaviour in Thailand is drinking water contaminated with the infective organism. Some cases of serious deep visceral sparganosis have also been reported.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Child; Female; Humans; Larva; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Sparganosis; Spirometra; Thailand
PubMed: 16023879
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2004.08.003 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2019Sparganosis is a rare zoonotic parasitosis that is sporadically reported worldwide. In Australia, the causative tapeworms are considered endemic in wildlife animals,...
Sparganosis is a rare zoonotic parasitosis that is sporadically reported worldwide. In Australia, the causative tapeworms are considered endemic in wildlife animals, however, there have been only five reported human infections. We present three additional cases of sparganosis, involving two Australian born gentlemen who have never travelled overseas and a woman who emigrated from Ethiopia. The first man presented with two unusual subcutaneous lumps that migrated along the anterior abdominal wall connected by a tunnel. The second man presented with two separate lumps, one on the thigh and the other on the left upper abdomen over a 4-week interval. The woman presented with 6 weeks of intermittent fevers, night sweats, abdominal pain and passing intestinal worms. This series of patients suggests that sparganosis is under-recognised in Australia and serves as a reminder for clinicians to the varied presentations that can be characteristic of this lesser known zoonosis.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Abdominal Wall; Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Australia; Female; Fever; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Male; Neglected Diseases; Sparganosis; Spirometra; Thigh; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31061178
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-228396 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal May 1954
Topics: Animals; Diphyllobothriasis; Diphyllobothrium; Humans; Infections; Inuit
PubMed: 13160882
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Case Reports Dec 2012Humans are known to serve as the secondary intermediate host for some larval forms of canine or feline tapeworms. Sparganosis is caused by plerocercoid larva of... (Review)
Review
Humans are known to serve as the secondary intermediate host for some larval forms of canine or feline tapeworms. Sparganosis is caused by plerocercoid larva of Spirometra of which there are three main species; Spirometra mansoni (or Spirometra erinaceieuropaei), Spirometra mansonoides and Spirometra proliferum. A one-and-half-year-old patient presenting with febrile illness was diagnosed radiologically as a case of liver abscess. The aspirate from the abscess cavity had a thin thread-like worm which was identified as a larval stage of Pseudophyllidea that was further confirmed as belonging to genus Spirometra. Aspiration of the worm and antiparasitic therapy with metronidazole led to complete recovery. Reports of sparganosis from Indian subcontinent are scanty and these cases had involvement of brain, kidney and eye. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of hepatic sparganosis from India.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Humans; Infant; Liver Abscess; Metronidazole; Sparganosis; Spirometra
PubMed: 23220827
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006790 -
International Journal of Circumpolar... 2013The food- and waterborne disease situation in Russia requires special attention. Poor quality of centralized water supplies and sewage systems, biological and chemical... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
The food- and waterborne disease situation in Russia requires special attention. Poor quality of centralized water supplies and sewage systems, biological and chemical contamination of drinking water, as well as contamination of food products, promote widespread infectious diseases, significantly exceeding nationwide rates in the population living in the two-thirds of Russian northern territories.
OBJECTIVES
The general aim was to assess the levels of food- and waterborne diseases in selected regions of Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East (for the period 2000-2011), and to compare disease levels among regions and with national levels in Russia.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
This study is the first comparative assessment of the morbidity in these fields of the population of 18 selected regions of Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East, using official statistical sources. The incidences of infectious and parasitic food- and waterborne diseases among the general population (including indigenous peoples) have been analyzed in selected regions (per 100,000 of population, averaged for 2000-2011).
RESULTS
Among compulsory registered infectious and parasitic diseases, there were high rates and widespread incidences in selected regions of shigellosis, yersiniosis, hepatitis A, tularaemia, giardiasis, enterobiasis, ascariasis, diphyllobothriasis, opistorchiasis, echinococcosis and trichinellosis.
CONCLUSION
Incidences of infectious and parasitic food- and waterborne diseases in the general population of selected regions of the Russian Arctic, Siberia and the Far East (2000-2011) are alarmingly high. Parallel solutions must be on the agenda, including improvement of sanitary conditions of cities and settlements in the regions, modernization of the water supply and of the sewage system. Provision and monitoring of the quality of the drinking water, a reform of the general healthcare system and the epidemiological surveillance (including gender-divided statistics), enhancement of laboratory diagnostics and the introduction of preventive actions are urgently needed.
Topics: Arctic Regions; Asia, Eastern; Food Contamination; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Incidence; Russia; Sanitation; Sewage; Siberia; Water Microbiology; Water Pollution
PubMed: 24350064
DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21856 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jan 2019Cerebral sparganosis is the most serious complication of human sparganosis. Currently, there is no standard for the treatment of inoperable patients. Conventional-dose...
BACKGROUND
Cerebral sparganosis is the most serious complication of human sparganosis. Currently, there is no standard for the treatment of inoperable patients. Conventional-dose praziquantel therapy is the most reported treatment. However, the therapeutic outcomes are not very effective. High-dose praziquantel therapy is a useful therapeutic choice for many parasitic diseases that is well tolerated by patients, but it has not been sufficiently evaluated for cerebral sparganosis. This study aims to observe the prognoses following high-dose praziquantel therapy in inoperable patients and the roles of MRI and peripheral eosinophil absolute counts during follow-up.
METHODOLOGY
Baseline and follow-up epidemiological, clinical, radiological and therapeutic data related to 10 inoperable patients with cerebral sparganosis that were treated with repeated courses of high-dose praziquantel therapy, with each course consisting of 25 mg/kg thrice daily for 10 days were assessed, followed by analyses of the prognoses, MRI findings and peripheral eosinophil absolute counts.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Baseline clinical data: the clinical symptoms recorded included seizures, hemiparesis, headache, vomiting and altered mental status. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was found in 3 patients. The baseline radiological findings were as follows. Motile lesions were observed in 10 patients, including aggregated ring-like enhancements, tunnel signs, serpiginous and irregular enhancements. Nine of the 10 patients had varying degrees of white matter degeneration, cortical atrophy and ipsilateral ventricle dilation. The follow-up clinical data were as follows. Clinical symptom relief was found in 8 patients, symptoms were eliminated in 1 patient, and symptoms showed no change from baseline in 1 patient. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was found in 2 patients. The follow-up radiological findings were as follows. Motile lesions that were transformed into stable, chronic lesions were found in 8 patients, and motile lesions that were eliminated completely were found in 2 patients.
CONCLUSIONS
High-dose praziquantel therapy for cerebral sparganosis is effective. The radiological outcomes of motile lesions are an important indicator during the treatment process, especially during follow-ups after clinical symptoms have improved. Peripheral eosinophil absolute counts cannot be used as an effective prognostic indicator.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Anthelmintics; Antibodies, Helminth; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxcarbazepine; Praziquantel; Retrospective Studies; Sparganosis; Sparganum; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 30640909
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007018 -
Parasitology Jul 2022Durrington Walls was a large Neolithic settlement in Britain dating around 2500 BCE, located very close to Stonehenge and likely to be the campsite where its builders...
Durrington Walls was a large Neolithic settlement in Britain dating around 2500 BCE, located very close to Stonehenge and likely to be the campsite where its builders lived during its main stage of construction. Nineteen coprolites recovered from a midden and associated pits at Durrington Walls were analysed for intestinal parasite eggs using digital light microscopy. Five (26%) contained helminth eggs, 1 with those of fish tapeworm (likely ) and 4 with those of capillariid nematodes. Analyses of bile acid and sterol from these 5 coprolites show 1 to be of likely human origin and the other 4 to likely derive from dogs. The presence of fish tapeworm reveals that the Neolithic people who gathered to feast at Durrington Walls were at risk of infection from eating raw or undercooked freshwater fish. When the eggs of capillariids are found in the feces of humans or dogs it normally indicates that the internal organs (liver, lung or intestines) of animals with capillariasis have been eaten, and eggs passed through the gut without causing disease. Their presence in multiple coprolites provides new evidence that internal organs of animals were consumed. These novel findings improve our understanding of both parasitic infection and dietary habits associated with this key Neolithic ceremonial site.
Topics: Animals; Diphyllobothriasis; Diphyllobothrium; Dogs; Feces; Helminths; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Parasites
PubMed: 35592918
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182022000476