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Annals of Agricultural and... Dec 2023The number of disabled persons is most often only estimated. The disabled require multidirectional, effective support in almost every field of functioning. There is no...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
The number of disabled persons is most often only estimated. The disabled require multidirectional, effective support in almost every field of functioning. There is no arbitrarily accepted definition of disability, and those currently available outline the ranges of support for which rehabilitation measures are necessary.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the review is to present the problem areas that contribute to the definition of disability and their interdependence and effectiveness in relation to rehabilitation interventions, as well as identification of the most frequent medical and social problems interdependent on the quality and feasibility of rehabilitation interventions.
REVIEW METHODS
Scientific literature in Polish and English for 1993-2023 and legal acts concerning the definition of disability, definition of rehabilitation and the problem of employment were reviewed. The following key words were used to search the NIZP-PZH, MZ, JAHEE and ISAP databases: disabled persons, definitions of disability, rehabilitation as a process, synchronization of thematic groups of disability definitions with the rehabilitation process.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE
Disability is a public health problem. The actual determination of the extent, medical and social needs of people with disabilities involves methods and measures for classifying people as disabled. The effects of treatment and rehabilitation are assessed by the level of functioning of the disabled in society.
SUMMARY
The multiplicity of characteristics included in the definitions of disability account for all problems in health and social terms. In view of the social, environmental and cultural changes, the scope of needs of people with disabilities is also changing, which can be seen in newly-developed definitions, including rehabilitation.
Topics: Humans; Disabled Persons; Employment; Poland; Public Health
PubMed: 38153059
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/177341 -
Disability and Health Journal Jul 2019Disablement has been linked to compromised wellbeing in later life, but whether material resources buffer these negative effects is unclear.
BACKGROUND
Disablement has been linked to compromised wellbeing in later life, but whether material resources buffer these negative effects is unclear.
OBJECTIVE
Drawing upon conceptual models of stress and coping, we analyze experienced wellbeing data from time diary interviews with adults ages 60 and older. We expect that experienced wellbeing will be influenced by each stage of the disablement process and that higher income and wealth will buffer the negative effects of disability on experienced wellbeing. Because income is a better reflection of one's liquid resources while assets reflect lifetime accumulation, we expect income to be a more substantial buffer than assets.
METHODS
We use the Disability and Use of Time Supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (N = 1607). We consider several measures of the disablement process (activity limitations, impairment severity, duration of limiting condition) and history of work limitation and evaluate both pre-tax income and net worth quartiles. We estimate a series of multi-level regression models that account for clustering of individuals within couples. We calculate the marginal effects of disability on wellbeing at different quartiles of economic resources.
RESULTS
We find that impairment severity is associated with worse experienced wellbeing before and after adjusting for covariates, and income buffers these negative effects for those in the middle-income quartiles.
CONCLUSIONS
Future research should further explore the mechanisms through which income buffers the negative effects of impairment severity and specify the accommodations that enable economically disadvantaged and advantaged older adults alike to withstand physical declines while maintaining wellbeing.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Income; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 30871953
DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.02.003 -
Neurology Feb 2020Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a leading cause of adult disability worldwide. More than a third of individuals presenting with strokes are...
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a leading cause of adult disability worldwide. More than a third of individuals presenting with strokes are estimated to have a preexisting disability. Despite unprecedented advances in stroke research and clinical practice over the past decade, approaches to acute stroke care for persons with preexisting disability have received scant attention. Current standards of research and clinical practice are influenced by an underexplored range of biases that may hinder acute stroke care for persons with disability. These trends may exacerbate unequal health outcomes by rendering novel stroke therapies inaccessible to many persons with disabilities. Here, we explore the underpinnings and implications of biases involving persons with disability in stroke research and practice. Recent insights from bioethics, disability rights, and health law are explained and critically evaluated in the context of prevailing research and clinical practices. Allowing disability to drive decisions to withhold acute stroke interventions may perpetuate disparate health outcomes and undermine ethically resilient stroke care. Advocacy for inclusion of persons with disability in future stroke trials can improve equity in stroke care delivery.
Topics: Bioethical Issues; Clinical Decision-Making; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delivery of Health Care; Disabled Persons; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Patient Rights; Stroke
PubMed: 31969466
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008964 -
BMJ Open Mar 2018Clothing is an important aspect of nearly all human societies from performing social and cultural functions to indicating social status, a form of protection and a way... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Clothing is an important aspect of nearly all human societies from performing social and cultural functions to indicating social status, a form of protection and a way for self-expression. It can help or hinder the ability to fulfil everyday activities and social roles and with the rising industry of wearable technologies, smart textiles are adding health-monitoring functions to clothing. The influence that clothing can have on the life of someone with a physical disability is significant, and further research is needed to understand it better. To achieve this, a scoping review will be performed with the aim of understanding the role of clothing in participation (ie, at home, in the community, etc) of individuals with a physical disability. This article presents the protocol and procedure to be adopted.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
An in-depth iterative analysis of the scientific literature from six databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO and ERIC) as well as a hand search of grey literature and reference lists will be performed. After an abstract and full-text review of references by three reviewers independently, data from the selected articles will be tabulated and synthesised with a qualitative and quantitative approach using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a unifying conceptual framework. A multidisciplinary consultation group of experts from various stakeholder groups will be involved in multiple steps to ensure validation and relevance of the data.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
As this is a review involving analysis of data available in the public domain and does not involve human participants, ethical approval was not required. Results will be presented in a co-constructed format with the expert consultation group to ensure validity and maximise its practicality moving forward. Our dissemination plan includes peer-reviewed publications, presentations and stakeholder meetings.
Topics: Clothing; Disabled Persons; Humans; Qualitative Research; Social Environment; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 29523570
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020299 -
American Journal of Medical Genetics.... Aug 2011Since the inception of the field of genetic counseling, the profession has had a tenuous relationship with the disability community. Genetic counselors both offer... (Review)
Review
Since the inception of the field of genetic counseling, the profession has had a tenuous relationship with the disability community. Genetic counselors both offer prenatal diagnostic testing that allows individuals the opportunity to avoid the birth of a child with a disability and they advocate for the rights of individuals who have a disability. Some in the disability rights community have argued that they feel their lives and the lives of the disabled individuals in their families judged by the offer of prenatal genetic diagnosis and by the attitudes of genetic service providers they encounter in clinical settings. Select voices from the disability community fear that the result of developing technologies may contribute to a world less tolerant of disabilities. The available empirical data suggest that genetic counselors do little to counteract these perspectives. Although limited, investigations into the attitudes and practices of genetic counselors suggest that they have a more negative perspective on disabilities than individuals whose lives are directly affected by them and these attitudes may affect their description of disabling conditions in a prenatal setting. The National Society of Genetic Counselors, the organization that represents the profession in the US has more publicly aligned itself with abortion service providers over disease advocacy organizations, thus subjecting itself to the perception of bias. We suggest possible solutions to these criticisms and argue that individually and collectively, genetic counseling professionals should develop and identify opportunities to more fully support and advocate for the needs of a broader spectrum of clients.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Genetic Counseling; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Patient Advocacy
PubMed: 21567935
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34054 -
The Gerontologist Aug 2014Among older persons, disability in activities of daily living is common and highly morbid. The Precipitating Events Project (PEP Study), an ongoing longitudinal study of... (Review)
Review
Among older persons, disability in activities of daily living is common and highly morbid. The Precipitating Events Project (PEP Study), an ongoing longitudinal study of 754 initially nondisabled, community-living persons, aged 70 or older, was designed to further elucidate the epidemiology of disability, with the goal of informing the development of effective interventions to maintain and restore independent function. Over the past 16 years, participants have completed comprehensive, home-based assessments at 18-month intervals and have been interviewed monthly to reassess their functional status and ascertain intervening events, other health care utilization, and deaths. Findings from the PEP Study have demonstrated that the disabling process for many older persons is characterized by multiple and possibly interrelated disability episodes, even over relatively short periods of time, and that disability often results when an intervening event is superimposed upon a vulnerable host. Given the frequency of assessments, long duration of follow-up, and recent linkage to Medicare data, the PEP Study will continue to be an outstanding platform for disability research in older persons. In addition, as the number of decedents accrues, the PEP Study will increasingly become a valuable resource for investigating symptoms, function, and health care utilization at the end of life.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Frail Elderly; Humans; Problem Solving
PubMed: 25035454
DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnu067 -
European Journal of Physical and... Aug 2014In the current population we observe a rise of chronic health problems often with multiple characteristics. This results in a growing number of people who are... (Review)
Review
In the current population we observe a rise of chronic health problems often with multiple characteristics. This results in a growing number of people who are experiencing long-term disabilities or difficulties in functioning because of disability. These conditions require a complex response over an extended period of time, that involves coordinated inputs from a wide range of health professionals. This paper argues the central role and benefit of rehabilitation and describes the rehabilitation as an integral component in the management of people with chronic disabilities. It also presents the most important related definitions: long-term care, rehabilitation for chronic disease and disability, the aim of physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM). An interdisciplinary team is ideal for an effective implementation of rehabilitation for chronic disease and disability. However, the article mainly focuses on defining the role and contribution of the PRM physician in the rehabilitation of persons with long-term disabilities. The article includes: descriptions of his/her key role and competencies, particularly with regard to medical and functional status and prognosis, of the ability to comprehensively define the rehabilitation needs of the patient/person with respect to ICD-WHO classification domains, of the cooperation with other medical specialists and health professionals, of determining the rehabilitation potential, of developing the rehabilitation plan tailored to specific needs, as well as of the contribution of PRM physician in the follow-up care pathways.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Disabled Persons; Disease Management; Humans; Long-Term Care; Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
PubMed: 25061984
DOI: No ID Found -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Jan 2017This review outlines a conceptual approach to inform research and practice aimed at supporting children whose lives are complicated by impairment and/or chronic medical... (Review)
Review
This review outlines a conceptual approach to inform research and practice aimed at supporting children whose lives are complicated by impairment and/or chronic medical conditions, and their families. 'Participation' in meaningful life activities should be an essential intervention goal, to meet the challenges of healthy growth and development, and to provide opportunities to help ensure that young people with impairments reach their full potential across their lifespan. Intervention activities and research can focus on participation as either an independent or dependent variable. The proposed framework and associated hypotheses are applicable to children and young people with a wide variety of conditions, and to their families. In taking a fresh 'non-categorical' perspective to health for children and young people, asking new questions, and exploring issues in innovative ways, we expect to learn lessons and to develop creative solutions that will ultimately benefit children with a wide variety of impairments and challenges, and their families, everywhere.
Topics: Child; Concept Formation; Developmental Disabilities; Disabled Persons; Environment; Health Promotion; Humans; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 27640996
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13237 -
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive... Dec 2010Sexually experienced women are at risk of cervical cancer, one of the most common female reproductive cancers. Nearly 20% of U.S. women aged 18-64 have a disability, and...
CONTEXT
Sexually experienced women are at risk of cervical cancer, one of the most common female reproductive cancers. Nearly 20% of U.S. women aged 18-64 have a disability, and disability is associated with health care access; however, the relationship between disability and Pap smear receipt remains underexplored.
METHODS
Data on 20,907 women aged 21-64 from the 2000 and 2005 National Health Interview Surveys were used to investigate the relationship between disability and cervical cancer screening. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between disability and both women's receipt of a Pap smear and their receipt of a doctor's recommendation for a Pap smear in the past year.
RESULTS
Having a disability was negatively associated with Pap smear receipt (odds ratio, 0.6). Compared with women with no disabilities, those with mobility limitations and those with other types of limitations had reduced odds of having received a Pap smear (0.5-0.7). Disability was positively associated with having received a recommendation for a Pap smear (1.2); however, among women who had received a recommendation, those with disabilities had reduced odds of having received a Pap smear (0.5). Among women who had not received a Pap smear, 31% of those with disabilities and 13% of others cited cost or lack of insurance as the primary reason.
CONCLUSIONS
The negative relationship between Pap smear receipt and multiple types of disability suggests barriers beyond the human-made physical features of the environment. Efforts to reduce inequalities in reproductive health care access should consider the needs of women with disabilities.
Topics: Adult; Attitude to Health; Disabled Persons; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Logistic Models; Middle Aged; Papanicolaou Test; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Retrospective Studies; Socioeconomic Factors; United States; Vaginal Smears; Women's Health; Women's Health Services; Young Adult
PubMed: 21126302
DOI: 10.1363/4225810 -
American Journal of Pharmaceutical... Mar 2011Improving health care providers' knowledge and ability to provide culturally competent care can limit the health disparities experienced by disadvantaged populations. As... (Review)
Review
Improving health care providers' knowledge and ability to provide culturally competent care can limit the health disparities experienced by disadvantaged populations. As racial and ethnic cultures dominate cultural competency topics in education, alternative cultures such as disability have consistently been underrepresented. This article will make the case that persons with disabilities have a unique cultural identity, and should be addressed as an important component of cultural competency education in pharmacy schools. Examples of efforts in pharmacy education to incorporate cultural competency components are highlighted, many of which contain little or no mention of disability issues. Based on initiatives from other health professions, suggestions and considerations for the development of disability education within pharmacy curricula also are proposed.
Topics: Cultural Competency; Culture; Curriculum; Disabled Persons; Education, Pharmacy; Educational Measurement; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Students, Pharmacy
PubMed: 21519416
DOI: 10.5688/ajpe75226