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Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jul 2011Antihistaminics are widely used for various indications during microbial infection. Hence, this paper investigates the antimicrobial activities of 10 antihistaminics...
Antihistaminics are widely used for various indications during microbial infection. Hence, this paper investigates the antimicrobial activities of 10 antihistaminics belonging to both old and new generations using multiresistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative clinical isolates. The bacteriostatic activity of antihistaminics was investigated by determining their MIC both by broth and agar dilution techniques against 29 bacterial strains. Azelastine, cyproheptadine, mequitazine and promethazine were the most active among the tested drugs. Diphenhydramine and cetirizine possessed weaker activity whereas doxylamine, fexofenadine and loratadine were inactive even at the highest tested concentration (1 mg/ml). The MIC of meclozine could not be determined as it precipitated with the used culture media. The MBC values of antihistaminics were almost identical to the corresponding MIC values. The bactericidal activity of antihistaminics was also studied by the viable count technique in sterile saline solution. Evident killing effects were exerted by mequitazine, meclozine, azelastine and cyproheptadine. Moreover, the dynamics of bactericidal activity of azelastine were studied by the viable count technique in nutrient broth. This activity was found to be concentration-dependant. This effect was reduced on increasing the inoculum size while it was increased on raising the pH. The post-antimicrobial effect of 100 μg/ml azelastine was also determined and reached up to 3.36 h.
PubMed: 24031715
DOI: 10.1590/S1517-838220110003000018 -
Chemical Research in Toxicology Jun 2007We have previously shown that the anticancer agent doxorubicin undergoes oxidation and inactivation when exposed to myeloperoxidase-containing human leukemia HL-60...
We have previously shown that the anticancer agent doxorubicin undergoes oxidation and inactivation when exposed to myeloperoxidase-containing human leukemia HL-60 cells, or to isolated myeloperoxidase, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite. In the current study we report that commercial fetal bovine serum (FBS) alone oxidizes doxorubicin in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and that nitrite accelerates this oxidation. The efficacy of inactivation was dependent on the concentration of serum present; no reaction was observed when hydrogen peroxide or serum was omitted. Peroxidase activity assays, based on oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, confirmed the presence of a peroxidase in the sera from several suppliers. The peroxidative activity was contained in the >10000 MW fraction. We also found that hemoglobin, a heme protein likely to be present in commercial FBS, is capable of oxidizing doxorubicin in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and that nitrite further stimulates the reaction. In contrast to intact doxorubicin, the serum + hydrogen peroxide + nitrite treated drug appeared to be nontoxic for PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Together, this study shows that (pseudo)peroxidases present in sera catalyze oxidation of doxorubicin by hydrogen peroxide and that this diminishes the tumoricidal activity of the anthracycline, at least in in vitro settings. Finally, this study also points out that addition of H2O2 to media containing FBS will stimulate peroxidase-type of reactions, which may affect cytotoxic properties of studied compounds.
Topics: Aniline Compounds; Anthracyclines; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Benzidines; Blood Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Doxorubicin; Doxylamine; Hemeproteins; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Mass Spectrometry; Methemoglobin; Methimazole; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxidases; Phthalic Acids; Salicylates; Sodium Nitrite
PubMed: 17497896
DOI: 10.1021/tx700002f -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Jun 1977
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dicyclomine; Doxylamine; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Pyridines; Pyridoxine
PubMed: 861894
DOI: No ID Found -
The Gerontologist Apr 2017Getting a good night's sleep can be challenging for older adults with chronic medical conditions, which often interfere with sleep. As a result, many older adults turn...
Getting a good night's sleep can be challenging for older adults with chronic medical conditions, which often interfere with sleep. As a result, many older adults turn to over-the-counter (OTC) sleep aids, that is, products with diphenhydramine or doxylamine. However, these products are indicated only for occasional difficulty with sleep, not for chronic use; and their safety and efficacy has not been well established in general and in older adults specifically. To engage national stakeholders in a discussion of OTC sleep aids in older adults, the Gerontological Society of America (GSA) convened a multidisciplinary workgroup. The Workgroup examined differences between younger and older adults in sleep health and use of OTC sleep aids using data from the National Health and Wellness Survey; assessed the pharmacologic properties and medication effects of OTC sleep aids; and worked with stakeholders to promote strategies for safe and effective use. Older adults are more likely to take diphenhydramine or doxylamine products 15 or more days in a month, an indicator of inappropriate use. The Workgroup recommends research to investigate the ways older people use OTC sleep aids. The goal should be reduction in inappropriate use and associated risks, such as daytime sedation, compromised cognitive function, and falls. In addition, the Workgroup recommends a greater role for community pharmacists in counseling older adults on appropriate use of OTC sleep aids.
PubMed: 26511271
DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv139 -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Oct 2013Social factors may affect the available sources of toxic substances and causes of poisoning; and these factors may change over time. Additionally, understanding the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Social factors may affect the available sources of toxic substances and causes of poisoning; and these factors may change over time. Additionally, understanding the characteristics of patients with acute toxic poisoning is important for treating such patients. Therefore, this study investigated the characteristics of patients with toxic poisoning. Patients visiting one of 3 hospitals in 2003 and 2011 were included in this study. Data on all patients who were admitted to the emergency departments with acute toxic poisoning were retrospectively obtained from medical records. Total 939 patients were analyzed. The average age of patients was 40.0 ± 20 yr, and 335 (36.9%) patients were men. Among the elements that did not change over time were the facts that suicide was the most common cause, that alcohol consumption was involved in roughly 1 of 4 cases, and that there were more women than men. Furthermore, acetaminophen and doxylamine remained the most common poisoning agents. In conclusion, the average patient age and psychotic drug poisoning has increased over time, and the use of lavage treatment has decreased.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcohol Drinking; Child; Child, Preschool; Doxylamine; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Hospitals, University; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Poisoning; Retrospective Studies; Sex Factors; Suicide, Attempted; Young Adult
PubMed: 24133344
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.10.1424 -
Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma, and... Apr 2020No Abstract.
No Abstract.
Topics: Allergens; Anaphylaxis; Basophil Degranulation Test; Basophils; Doxylamine; Drug Hypersensitivity; HLA-DR Antigens; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit; Leukocyte Common Antigens; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 32372634
DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v19i2.2774 -
Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) 1996
Comparative Study Review
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Dicyclomine; Doxylamine; Drug Combinations; Female; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Milk, Human; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Pregnancy; Pyridoxine
PubMed: 8829247
DOI: 10.1016/0890-6238(96)00053-6 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Mar 2014
Topics: Antiemetics; Congenital Abnormalities; Dicyclomine; Doxylamine; Drug Approval; Drug Combinations; Female; History, 20th Century; Humans; Morning Sickness; Pregnancy; Pyridoxine; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration
PubMed: 24645939
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1316042 -
Journal of Cancer 2020Our current study is to explore the prognostic value and molecular mechanisms underlying the role of lncRNA in non-homologous end joining pathway 1 (LINP1) in early...
Genome-wide RNA-sequencing dataset reveals the prognostic value and potential molecular mechanisms of lncRNA in non-homologous end joining pathway 1 in early stage Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
Our current study is to explore the prognostic value and molecular mechanisms underlying the role of lncRNA in non-homologous end joining pathway 1 (LINP1) in early stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Genome-wide RNA-seq datasets of 112 early stage PDAC patients were got from The Cancer Genome Atlas and analyzed using multiple online tools. Overall survival in high LINP1 expression patients was shorter than those with low expression (high-LINP1 vs. low-LINP1=481 vs. 592 days, log-rank P=0.0432). The multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model suggested that high-LINP1 patients had a markedly higher risk of death than low-LINP1 patients (adjusted P=0.004, hazard ratio=2.214, 95% confidence interval=1.283-3.820). Analysis of genome-wide co-expressed genes, screening of differentially expressed genes, and gene set enrichment analysis indicated that LINP1 may be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation-, cell adhesion- and cell cycle-related biological processes in PDAC. Six small-molecule compounds including STOCK1N-35874, fenofibrate, exisulind, NU-1025, vinburnine, and doxylamine were identified as potential LINP1-targeted drugs for the treatment of PDAC. Our study indicated that LINP1 may serve as a prognostic biomarker of early stage PDAC. Analysis of genome-wide datasets led to the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and identified six potential targeted drugs for the treatment of early PDAC.
PubMed: 32913451
DOI: 10.7150/jca.39888 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Dec 2006A recent Motherisk article showed that initiating antinauseants even before symptoms start could prevent recurrence of severe morning sickness. In the study described,...
QUESTION
A recent Motherisk article showed that initiating antinauseants even before symptoms start could prevent recurrence of severe morning sickness. In the study described, however, different physicians used different drugs. How can one be sure which drugs work?
ANSWER
The study of 26 women who had had severe morning sickness during previous pregnancies showed that using antiemetics before symptoms of morning sickness started appeared to prevent recurrence of severe morning sickness in subsequent pregnancies. Physicians in the United States used various antinauseant drugs. Physicians in Canada administered only one drug, the combination of doxylamine-pyridoxine (Diclectin), to 12 women. Subanalysis of these 12 women revealed that pre-emptive use of doxylamine-pyridoxine significantly decreased the likelihood that severe morning sickness would recur.
Topics: Antiemetics; Dicyclomine; Doxylamine; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Morning Sickness; Ondansetron; Pregnancy; Pyridoxine; Secondary Prevention
PubMed: 17279232
DOI: No ID Found