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Amino Acids May 2009Cysteine catabolism in mammals is dependent upon cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), an enzyme that adds molecular oxygen to the sulfur of cysteine, converting the thiol to a... (Review)
Review
Cysteine catabolism in mammals is dependent upon cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), an enzyme that adds molecular oxygen to the sulfur of cysteine, converting the thiol to a sulfinic acid known as cysteinesulfinic acid (3-sulfinoalanine). CDO is one of the most highly regulated metabolic enzymes responding to diet that is known. It undergoes up to 45-fold changes in concentration and up to 10-fold changes in catalytic efficiency. This provides a remarkable responsiveness of the cell to changes in sulfur amino acid availability: the ability to decrease CDO activity and conserve cysteine when cysteine is scarce and to rapidly increase CDO activity and catabolize cysteine to prevent cytotoxicity when cysteine supply is abundant. CDO in both liver and adipose tissues responds to changes in dietary intakes of protein and/or sulfur amino acids over a range that encompasses the requirement level, suggesting that cysteine homeostasis is very important to the living organism.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Cysteine; Cysteine Dioxygenase; Duodenum; Homeostasis; Kidney; Liver; Pancreas
PubMed: 19011731
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0202-y -
Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2023Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma is rare and can cause duodenal obstruction. We report four cases of spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma with duodenal obstruction,... (Review)
Review
Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma is rare and can cause duodenal obstruction. We report four cases of spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma with duodenal obstruction, wherein endoscopic ultrasound was useful for diagnosis. The patients complained of vomiting with stable vital signs. Computed tomography, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and endoscopic ultrasound findings were similar in all cases. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a low-density mass around the 2nd to 3rd part of the duodenum. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed an edematous, reddish, but non-neoplastic duodenal mucosa with stenosis of the lumen. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed a low-echoic mass around the duodenum and high-echoic floating matter suggesting debris and anechoic areas that indicated a liquid component. These findings suggested hematomas or abscesses. Although pseudoaneurysm of the pancreaticoduodenal artery was suspected in Case 3, we chose conservative treatment because the aneurysm was small. In Case 4, median arcuate ligament syndrome was suspected on angiography. No aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations were found; thus, endovascular embolization was not performed. The patients were treated conservatively and discharged within 3-5 weeks. English literature queries on spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma with duodenal obstruction in MEDLINE revealed 21 cases in 18 studies. The clinical features of these patients and the present four cases have been discussed.
Topics: Humans; Duodenal Obstruction; Duodenum; Hematoma; Aneurysm; Endosonography; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
PubMed: 36959407
DOI: 10.1007/s12328-023-01780-3 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jun 2022: Traumatic duodenal injury is a rare disease with limited evidence. We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative leakage and outcomes of pyloric exclusion... (Review)
Review
: Traumatic duodenal injury is a rare disease with limited evidence. We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative leakage and outcomes of pyloric exclusion after duodenal grade 2 and 3 injury. : We reviewed a prospectively collected trauma database for the period January 2004-December 2020. Patients with grade 2 and 3 traumatic duodenal injury were included. To identify the risk factors for postoperative leakage, we used a stepwise multivariable logistic regression model and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic model. We constructed a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve to predict risk factors for postoperative leakage. : During the 17-year period, 179,887 trauma patients were admitted to a regional trauma center in Korea. Of these patients, 74 (0.04%) had duodenal injuries. A total of 49 consecutive patients had grade 2 and 3 traumatic duodenal injuries and underwent laparotomy. The incidence of postoperative leakage was 32.6% (16/49). Overall mortality was 18.4% (9/49). A stepwise multivariable logistic regression and LASSO logistic regression model showed that time from injury to initial operation was the sole statistically significant risk factor. The ROC curve at the optimal threshold of 15.77 h showed the following: area under ROC curve, 0.782; sensitivity, 68.8%; specificity, 87.9%; positive predictive value, 73.3%; and negative predictive value, 85.3%. There was no significant difference in outcomes between primary repair alone and pyloric exclusion. : Time from injury to initial operation may be the sole significant risk factor for postoperative duodenal leakage. Pyloric exclusion may not be able to prevent postoperative leakage.
Topics: Duodenum; Humans; Postoperative Period; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Trauma Centers
PubMed: 35744064
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060801 -
Clinics and Research in Hepatology and... Jan 2021
Topics: Bezoars; Duodenum; Humans; Stomach
PubMed: 32376246
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.04.008 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Feb 2001Sildenafil shows an intense and prolonged inhibitory effect on the smooth muscle cells of corpus cavernosum arterioles by blocking phosphodiesterase-type 5, which... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Sildenafil shows an intense and prolonged inhibitory effect on the smooth muscle cells of corpus cavernosum arterioles by blocking phosphodiesterase-type 5, which inactivates the nitric oxide-stimulated cyclic guanosine monophosphate.
AIM
To investigate whether this inhibitory effect is also displayed on the musculature of the gastroduodenal tract.
METHODS
In 16 normal subjects, antroduodenal motility was recorded by means of a low-compliance manometric system. Ten minutes after the appearance of a phase III of the migrating motor complex, a tablet of sildenafil 50 mg, dissolved in 20 mL of water, was infused in the gut of eight patients, or a placebo in the other eight patients, randomly and in a double-blind manner, continuing the recording for 90 min. The frequency and amplitude of antral and duodenal waves, measured during the first 60 min after infusion in the two groups, were compared statistically. In addition, the duration of antral and duodenal phases I, and the number of phases III occurring during the whole 90 min after infusion, were compared in the two groups.
RESULTS
Antral and duodenal wave frequency and amplitude were significantly lower during the first 60 min after sildenafil administration. Both antral and duodenal phases I were significantly longer after sildenafil than after placebo, and the number of phases III which occurred during the 90 min after sildenafil was significantly lower than after placebo.
CONCLUSIONS
Sildenafil inhibits interdigestive motor activity of the antrum and duodenum.
Topics: Adult; Double-Blind Method; Duodenum; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Piperazines; Purines; Pyloric Antrum; Sildenafil Citrate; Sulfones
PubMed: 11148432
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00917.x -
Cells Nov 2022Recently, the duodenum has garnered interest for its role in treating metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Multiple sessions of external...
BACKGROUND
Recently, the duodenum has garnered interest for its role in treating metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Multiple sessions of external photobiomodulation (PBM) in previous animal studies suggested it resulted in improved hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance with a multifactorial mechanism of action, despite the target organ of PBM not being clearly proven. This study aimed to determine whether a single session of a duodenal light-emitting diode (LED) PBM may impact the T2DM treatment in an animal model.
METHODS
Goto-Kakizaki rats as T2DM models were subjected to PBM through duodenal lumen irradiation, sham procedure, or control in 1-week pilot (630 nm, 850 nm, or 630/850 nm) and 4-week follow-up (630 nm or 630/850 nm) studies. Oral glucose tolerance tests; serum glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and insulin levels; liver chemistry and histology; and gut microbiome in the PBM, sham control, and control groups were evaluated.
RESULTS
In the 1-week study, duodenal dual-wavelength (D, 630/850 nm) LED PBM showed improved glucose intolerance, alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol levels, and weight gain than other groups. The D-LED PBM group in the 4-week study also showed improved hyperglycemia and liver enzyme levels, with relatively preserved pancreatic islets and increased serum insulin and GLP-1 levels. Five genera (, , , , and ) were significantly enriched 1 week after the D-LED PBM. significantly increased, while Lachnospiraceae significantly decreased after 1 week.
CONCLUSION
A single session of D-LED PBM improved hyperglycemia and hepatic parameters through the change of serum insulin, insulin resistance, insulin expression in the pancreatic β-cells, and gut microbiome in T2DM animal models.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Duodenum; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose Intolerance; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Liver
PubMed: 36359885
DOI: 10.3390/cells11213490 -
Medicine Jun 2022Gastroduodenal artery aneurysms (GDAA) and pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms (PDAA) are rare, have high rupture risks, and are located in the arcade between the...
Gastroduodenal artery aneurysms (GDAA) and pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms (PDAA) are rare, have high rupture risks, and are located in the arcade between the celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery. Pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms are associated with celiac artery stenosis, and it is hypothesized that these celiac lesions might contribute to the formation of aneurysms. In contrast, a few studies have reported an association between a gastroduodenal artery aneurysm and celiac lesions. This study aimed to investigate the potential differences between patients with gastroduodenal and pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms and better understand their pathogenesis.We selected patients with GDAA and PDAA who were admitted to our department between January 2010 and December 2020. Aortic wall volume, aortic wall calcification, and pancreaticoduodenal arcade volume of computed tomography images were calculated semi-manually using Horos 3.3.5.Eight GDAAs and 11 PDAAs were analyzed. Celiac lesions were found in all PDAA patients, with none in GDAA cases. Volumetry demonstrated that aortic wall volume and calcification were more prominent in the GDAA group than in the PDAA group (P = .026 and P = .049, respectively). The pancreaticoduodenal arcade volume was larger in the PDAA group (P = .002).In our study, celiac artery lesions were strongly correlated with PDAA. The volume of the pancreaticoduodenal arcade was larger in the PDAA group, and aortic wall volume and calcification were larger in the GDAA group.
Topics: Aneurysm; Celiac Artery; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Duodenum; Embolization, Therapeutic; Humans; Pancreas; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35713464
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029539 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jun 2013Embryogenesis offers a real laboratory for pattern formation, buckling, and postbuckling induced by growth of soft tissues. Each part of our body is structured in...
Embryogenesis offers a real laboratory for pattern formation, buckling, and postbuckling induced by growth of soft tissues. Each part of our body is structured in multiple adjacent layers: the skin, the brain, and the interior of organs. Each layer has a complex biological composition presenting different elasticity. Generated during fetal life, these layers will experience growth and remodeling in the early postfertilization stages. Here, we focus on a herringbone pattern occurring in fetal intestinal tissues. Common to many mammalians, this instability is a precursor of the villi, finger-like projections into the lumen. For avians (chicks' and turkeys' embryos), it has been shown that, a few days after fertilization, the mucosal epithelium of the duodenum is smooth, and then folds emerge, which present 2 d later a pronounced zigzag instability. Many debates and biological studies are devoted to this specific morphology, which regulates the cell renewal in the intestine. After reviewing experimental results about duodenum morphogenesis, we show that a model based on simplified hypothesis for the growth of the mesenchyme can explain buckling and postbuckling instabilities. Being completely analytical, it is based on biaxial compressive stresses due to differential growth between layers and it predicts quantitatively the morphological changes. The growth anisotropy increasing with time, the competition between folds and zigzags, is proved to occur as a secondary instability. The model is compared with available experimental data on chick's duodenum and can be applied to other intestinal tissues, the zigzag being a common and spectacular microstructural pattern of intestine embryogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Biophysical Phenomena; Body Patterning; Chick Embryo; Duodenum; Elasticity; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Models, Biological; Turkeys
PubMed: 23754398
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1217391110 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Upper Extremity; Hand; Pancreas; Foot; Duodenum; Lower Extremity
PubMed: 35879218
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.07.014 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... May 2022A 53-year-old man presented to our hospital for resection of a duodenal mass because of the increasing diameter. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a giant oval mass in...
A 53-year-old man presented to our hospital for resection of a duodenal mass because of the increasing diameter. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a giant oval mass in the back wall of duodenal bulb, which was protruded to the second part of duodenum(Figure 1). Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) revealed a submucosal mass with heterogeneous echogenicity and regular shape(Figure 2). Eventually, the patient received endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) after signing informed consent. The mass was resected completely and measured 6.0×4.2×3.0 cm [Figure 3]. Histopathological examination revealed a brunner's gland adenoma. There was no complication besides minor intraoperative bleeding. Both surgery and endoscopic resection (ER) are alternative treatments for duodenal adenoma, but the best way remains controversial. Due to the thin wall, narrow cavity and plentiful vascular network of the duodenal bulb, ER is challenging because of the technical difficulty and probability of perforation and bleeding [1]. Our previous study found that ER is an effective and safe way for treating duodenal adenoma on experienced hands, and ER possesses several advantages over surgical resection for selected patients [2,3]. In the present case, we removed the giant BGA by ESD, as far as we know, this is the largest yet removed by ER.
Topics: Adenoma; Brunner Glands; Duodenal Neoplasms; Duodenum; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 35026952
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2022.8595/2022