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Ugeskrift For Laeger Nov 2017Idiopathic oedema is a non-inflammatory interstitial oedema seen in fertile women. A hallmark is a daily increase in weight > 1.4 kg from morning until evening due to... (Review)
Review
Idiopathic oedema is a non-inflammatory interstitial oedema seen in fertile women. A hallmark is a daily increase in weight > 1.4 kg from morning until evening due to fluid retention, which shows as facial puffiness in the morning and more often abdominal increase and swollen lower extremities during the day. Patients may be disabled due to accompanying symptoms like headache, dizziness, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. The diagnosis is based on clinical features and exclusion of other causes of oedema. Non-pharmacological interventions and pharmacological therapies are reviewed.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Edema; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Weight Gain
PubMed: 29208198
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Nov 1988Blepharochalasis is an uncommon disorder distinguished by recurrent episodes of eyelid oedema in young patients. A hypertrophic form, manifested as fat herniation, and...
Blepharochalasis is an uncommon disorder distinguished by recurrent episodes of eyelid oedema in young patients. A hypertrophic form, manifested as fat herniation, and an atrophic form, manifested as fat atrophy, have been described. Ptosis with excellent levator function, laxity of the lateral canthal structures with rounding of the lateral canthal angle, nasal fat pad atrophy, and redundant eyelid skin develop after many episodes of eyelid swelling. Fine wrinkling, atrophy, and telangiectasias characterise the excess eyelid skin. We describe four cases of this syndrome in which external levator aponeurosis tuck, blepharoplasty, lateral canthoplasty, and dermis fat grafts were used to correct atrophic blepharochalasis after the syndrome had run its course.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Atrophy; Edema; Eyelid Diseases; Eyelids; Female; Humans
PubMed: 3207663
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.72.11.863 -
International Wound Journal Aug 2022Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at high risk for limb edema, which caused complications such as pain, joint contracture, limited range of motion and atrophy of...
Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at high risk for limb edema, which caused complications such as pain, joint contracture, limited range of motion and atrophy of the limbs. Thus, this study was conducted to compare ICU patients' upper limb edema between two groups with the intervention of limb elevation and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC). In this quasi-experimental before and after study, 40 patients were recruited. One upper limb was randomly assigned to the upper limb elevation (ULE) group and the other one was assigned to the IPC group. The circumference of the wrist and the middle of the arm were compared between and within groups. Results showed that in both groups of IPC and ULE and all five sessions (unless the second session of ULE), participants' arm and wrist edema were reduced significantly after the interventions (arm: P < .01; wrist: P < .0001). The differences between the two groups of ULE and IPC in regards to limb edema reduction were not significant. Although there was no significant difference between IPC and ULE intervention in the removal of edema, ULE seems to be more feasible and practical, which should be assessed in future studies.
Topics: Critical Illness; Edema; Extremities; Humans; Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices
PubMed: 34991179
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13704 -
ESC Heart Failure Apr 2022Myocardial fluid homeostasis relies on a complex interplay between microvascular filtration, interstitial hydration, cardiomyocyte water uptake and lymphatic removal.... (Review)
Review
Myocardial fluid homeostasis relies on a complex interplay between microvascular filtration, interstitial hydration, cardiomyocyte water uptake and lymphatic removal. Dysregulation of one or more of these mechanisms may result in myocardial oedema. Interstitial and intracellular fluid accumulation disrupts myocardial architecture, intercellular communication, and metabolic pathways, decreasing contractility and increasing myocardial stiffness. The widespread use of cardiac magnetic resonance enabled the identification of myocardial oedema as a clinically relevant imaging finding with prognostic implications in several types of heart failure. Furthermore, growing experimental evidence has contributed to a better understanding of the physical and molecular interactions in the microvascular barrier, myocardial interstitium and lymphatics and how they might be disrupted in heart failure. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the factors controlling myocardial water balance in the healthy and failing heart and pinpoint the new potential therapeutic avenues.
Topics: Edema; Heart Failure; Humans; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac
PubMed: 35150087
DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13775 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023Edema after spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the first observations after the primary injury and lasts for few days after trauma. It has serious consequences on the... (Review)
Review
Edema after spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the first observations after the primary injury and lasts for few days after trauma. It has serious consequences on the affected tissue and can aggravate the initial devastating condition. To date, the mechanisms of the water content increase after SCI are not fully understood. Edema formation results in a combination of interdependent factors related to mechanical damage after the initial trauma progressing, along with the subacute and acute phases of the secondary lesion. These factors include mechanical disruption and subsequent inflammatory permeabilization of the blood spinal cord barrier, increase in the capillary permeability, deregulation in the hydrostatic pressure, electrolyte-imbalanced membranes and water uptake in the cells. Previous research has attempted to characterize edema formation by focusing mainly on brain swelling. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the differences in edema formation in the spinal cord and brain, and to highlight the importance of elucidating the specific mechanisms of edema formation after SCI. Additionally, it outlines findings on the spatiotemporal evolution of edema after spinal cord lesion and provides a general overview of prospective treatment strategies by focusing on insights to prevent edema formation after SCI.
Topics: Humans; Spinal Cord Injuries; Spinal Cord; Brain; Capillary Permeability; Edema
PubMed: 37108324
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087159 -
International Wound Journal Jun 2015Even though it is estimated that at least 300 000 people in Canada may be affected by chronic oedema/lymphoedema, recognition of the seriousness of this chronic disease... (Review)
Review
Even though it is estimated that at least 300 000 people in Canada may be affected by chronic oedema/lymphoedema, recognition of the seriousness of this chronic disease in health care is scarce. Lymphoedema affects up to 70% of breast and prostate cancer patients, substantially increasing their postoperative medical costs. Adding to this problem are the escalating rates of morbid obesity across North America and the fact that 80% of these individuals are thought to suffer with an element of lymphoedema. The costs related to these patient populations and their consumption of health care resources are alarming. Untreated chronic oedema/lymphoedema is progressive and leads to infection, disfigurement, disability and in some cases even death. Thus, prognosis for the patient is far worse and treatment is more costly when the disease is not identified and treated in the earlier stages. Although the number of individuals coping with chronic oedema/lymphoedema continues to increase, the disparity between diagnosis, treatment and funding across Canada endures. The reasons for this include a lack of public awareness of the condition, insufficient education and knowledge among health care providers regarding aetiology and management and limited financial coverage to support appropriate methods and materials.
Topics: Canada; Chronic Disease; Diagnostic Errors; Disease Management; Edema; Humans; Incidence; Lymphedema
PubMed: 24618210
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12224 -
Paediatrics and International Child... May 2015It has been argued that the oedema of kwashiorkor is not caused by hypoalbuminaemia because the oedema disappears with dietary treatment before the plasma albumin... (Review)
Review
It has been argued that the oedema of kwashiorkor is not caused by hypoalbuminaemia because the oedema disappears with dietary treatment before the plasma albumin concentration rises. Reanalysis of this evidence and a review of the literature demonstrates that this was a mistaken conclusion and that the oedema is linked to hypoalbuminaemia. This misconception has influenced the recommendations for treating children with severe acute malnutrition. There are close pathophysiological parallels between kwashiorkor and Finnish congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) pre-nephrectomy; both develop protein-energy malnutrition and hypoalbuminaemia, which predisposes them to intravascular hypovolaemia with consequent sodium and water retention, and makes them highly vulnerable to develop hypovolaemic shock with diarrhoea. In CNS this is successfully treated with intravenous albumin boluses. By contrast, the WHO advise the cautious administration of hypotonic intravenous fluids in kwashiorkor with shock, which has about a 50% mortality. It is time to trial intravenous bolus albumin for the treatment of children with kwashiorkor and shock.
Topics: Albumins; Edema; Humans; Hypoalbuminemia; Kwashiorkor; Nephrotic Syndrome
PubMed: 25223408
DOI: 10.1179/2046905514Y.0000000154 -
Neurologia 2022Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute-onset, immune-mediated disease of the peripheral nervous system. It may be classified into 2 main subtypes: demyelinating... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute-onset, immune-mediated disease of the peripheral nervous system. It may be classified into 2 main subtypes: demyelinating (AIDP) and axonal (AMAN). This study aims to analyse the mechanisms of axonal damage in the early stages of GBS (within 10days of onset).
DEVELOPMENT
We analysed histological, electrophysiological, and imaging findings from patients with AIDP and AMAN, and compared them to those of an animal model of myelin P2 protein-induced experimental allergic neuritis. Inflammatory oedema of the spinal nerve roots and spinal nerves is the initial lesion in GBS. The spinal nerves of patients with fatal AIDP may show ischaemic lesions in the endoneurium, which suggests that endoneurial inflammation may increase endoneurial fluid pressure, reducing transperineurial blood flow, potentially leading to conduction failure and eventually to axonal degeneration. In patients with AMAN associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies, nerve conduction block secondary to nodal sodium channel dysfunction may affect the proximal, intermediate, and distal nerve trunks. In addition to the mechanisms involved in AIDP, active axonal degeneration in AMAN may be associated with nodal axolemma disruption caused by anti-ganglioside antibodies.
CONCLUSION
Inflammatory oedema of the proximal nerve trunks can be observed in early stages of GBS, and it may cause nerve conduction failure and active axonal degeneration.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; Peripheral Nerves; Neural Conduction; Edema; Amantadine
PubMed: 30057217
DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2018.06.002 -
Indian Pediatrics Aug 2004Nephrotic syndrome is a recurrent or chronic disorder characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema. In most patients, the edema can be managed... (Review)
Review
Nephrotic syndrome is a recurrent or chronic disorder characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema. In most patients, the edema can be managed satisfactorily with judicious oral administration of loop diuretics, most often frusemide. The treatment of patients with intractable edema is more difficult and comprises a series of measures including salt restriction, treatment with intravenous frusemide, additional use of thiazide and potassium sparing diuretics, and intravenous albumin. Ultrafiltration and head out water immersion are beneficial for treatment of patients with edema, which is unresponsive to the above measures.
Topics: Edema; Humans; Nephrotic Syndrome
PubMed: 15347866
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of Dermatology Jul 2021Burian 2021; :110–118.
Burian 2021; :110–118.
Topics: Cellulitis; Edema; Humans; Leg
PubMed: 33764505
DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20047