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Acta Dermato-venereologica Jun 2016Rosacea is a common chronic skin condition that displays a broad diversity of clinical manifestations. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms of the four subtypes... (Review)
Review
Rosacea is a common chronic skin condition that displays a broad diversity of clinical manifestations. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms of the four subtypes are not completely elucidated, the key elements often present are augmented immune responses of the innate and adaptive immune system, and neurovascular dysregulation. The most common primary feature of all cutaneous subtypes of rosacea is transient or persistent facial erythema. Perilesional erythema of papules or pustules is based on the sustained vasodilation and plasma extravasation induced by the inflammatory infiltrates. In contrast, transient erythema has rapid kinetics induced by trigger factors independent of papules or pustules. Amongst the current treatments for facial erythema of rosacea, only the selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist brimonidine 0.33% topical gel (Mirvaso®) is approved. This review aims to discuss the potential causes, different pathophysiologies and current treatment options to address the unmet medical needs of patients with facial erythema of rosacea.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Antihypertensive Agents; Brimonidine Tartrate; Erythema; Humans; Rosacea
PubMed: 26714888
DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2335 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2021The regular monitoring of erythema, one of the most important skin lesions in atopic (allergic) dogs, is essential for successful anti-allergic therapy. The...
The regular monitoring of erythema, one of the most important skin lesions in atopic (allergic) dogs, is essential for successful anti-allergic therapy. The smartphone-based dermatoscopy enables a convenient way to acquire quality images of erythematous skin. However, the image sampling to evaluate erythema severity is still done manually, introducing result variability. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the most popular erythema indices (EIs) and dermatologists' erythema perception, and we measured intra- and inter-rater variability of the currently-used manual image-sampling methods (ISMs). We showed that the , based on all three RGB (red, green, and blue) channels, performed the best with an average Spearman coefficient of 0.75 and a typical absolute disagreement of less than 14% with the erythema assessed by clinicians. On the other hand, two image-sampling methods, based on either selecting specific pixels or small skin areas, performed similarly well. They achieved high intra- and inter-rater reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Krippendorff's alpha well above 0.90. These results indicated that smartphone-based dermatoscopy could be a convenient and precise way to evaluate skin erythema severity. However, better outlined, or even automated ISMs, are likely to improve the intra- and inter-rater reliability in severe erythematous cases.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Erythema; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Reproducibility of Results; Severity of Illness Index; Skin; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 33670225
DOI: 10.3390/s21041285 -
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine... Oct 2021To identify the optimal intensity and duration of cupping that would minimize mechanical skin deformation.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the optimal intensity and duration of cupping that would minimize mechanical skin deformation.
METHODS
We developed an optical measurement probe and system for measuring skin color values in real time. We applied cupping at the following five Bladder Meridian acupoints. To investigate optimal intensity, negative pressure intensity was increased every 2 min up to 80 kPa. To investigate optimal time, 10 measurement sites were selected and negative pressure intensities of 30, 60, and 80 kPa were applied for 5 min each. Skin color information was analyzed by the following skin color values: red color saturation, erythema index, and melanin index.
RESULTS
The red color saturation and erythema index increased steadily up to 60 kpa negative pressure intensity, then decreased between 60 and 80 kPa. Therefore, maximal values were observed at 60 kPa. The melanin index consistently increased with increasing negative pressure intensity. The red color saturation and erythema index did not change after 20 s at 60 kPa negative pressure intensity. For negative pressure intensities below 80 kPa, significant changes in melanin index were not observed after 20 s. At 80 kPa negative pressure intensity, the melanin index exhibited an increasing pattern for 200 s, then showed no changes.
CONCLUSIONS
To minimize skin deformation, 60 kPa and 20 s were the appropriate intensity and duration when using red color saturation and erythema index as diagnostic indexes. Because of the increasing pattern up to 80 kPa negative pressure intensity, the optimal intensity of melanin index could not be determined. When applying 80 kPa negative pressure intensity and using melanin index as the diagnostic index, we recommend a duration of 200 s.
Topics: Erythema; Humans; Melanins; Skin; Skin Pigmentation
PubMed: 34708641
DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2021.05.015 -
Advances in Skin & Wound Care Oct 2023To examine the effectiveness of the ColorMeter DSM III (ColorMeter; Cortex Technology) at grouping individuals by skin tone and measuring erythema/skin discoloration...
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effectiveness of the ColorMeter DSM III (ColorMeter; Cortex Technology) at grouping individuals by skin tone and measuring erythema/skin discoloration after erythema induction across skin tones.
METHODS
This pre/post experimental study induced erythema on a convenience sample of 61 healthy adults. Skin tone at baseline was measured using the ColorMeter, Munsell Soil Color Chart 5YR (Munsell), and Pantone SkinTone Guide (Pantone) and compared with the Eumelanin Human Skin Colour Scale (Eumelanin Scale) groupings. Erythema and melanin values on the arm immediately and after recovery time were compared with baseline values. Melanin was measured at five body regions on the face and arm.
RESULTS
Participants were predominantly women (64% [n = 39] women, 36% [n = 22] men) and young (mean, 28.8 ± 14.3 years); 5% (n = 3) were Hispanic, 26% (n = 16) Asian, 29% (n = 18) Black, 38% (n = 23) White, and 7% (n = 4) identified with more than one race. ColorMeter lightness (L*) and melanin measures were strongly correlated with both Munsell and Pantone values. Munsell skin tone groups were not aligned with Eumelanin Scale groupings. Most participants were in the Eumelanin intermediate-low group, and this changed depending on which body location melanin value was used. The change in erythema from baseline did not differ significantly across skin tone groups at the ulnar head, but on the forearm at the delayed time point, significant differences existed between light and both medium and dark skin tone groups (P = .001; 95% CI, 0.04-0.37).
CONCLUSIONS
The ColorMeter provides an effective objective measure of skin tone and erythema/discoloration across various skin tones and may improve on current standards for detection. The proposed Eumelanin Scale-Modified provides additional sensitivity for persons with medium skin tones.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Skin Pigmentation; Melanins; Erythema; Upper Extremity; Technology
PubMed: 37729162
DOI: 10.1097/ASW.0000000000000043 -
Journal of Biomedical Optics Jun 2020The rates of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer are rising across the globe. Due to a shortage of board-certified dermatologists, the burden of dermal lesion screening...
SIGNIFICANCE
The rates of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer are rising across the globe. Due to a shortage of board-certified dermatologists, the burden of dermal lesion screening and erythema monitoring has fallen to primary care physicians (PCPs). An adjunctive device for lesion screening and erythema monitoring would be beneficial because PCPs are not typically extensively trained in dermatological care.
AIM
We aim to examine the feasibility of using a smartphone-camera-based dermascope and a USB-camera-based dermascope utilizing polarized white-light imaging (PWLI) and polarized multispectral imaging (PMSI) to map dermal chromophores and erythema.
APPROACH
Two dermascopes integrating LED-based PWLI and PMSI with both a smartphone-based camera and a USB-connected camera were developed to capture images of dermal lesions and erythema. Image processing algorithms were implemented to provide chromophore concentrations and redness measures.
RESULTS
PWLI images were successfully converted to an alternate colorspace for erythema measures, and the spectral bandwidth of the PMSI LED illumination was sufficient for mapping of deoxyhemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, and melanin chromophores. Both types of dermascopes were able to achieve similar relative concentration results.
CONCLUSION
Chromophore mapping and erythema monitoring are feasible with PWLI and PMSI using LED illumination and smartphone-based cameras. These systems can provide a simpler, more portable geometry and reduce device costs compared with interference-filter-based or spectrometer-based clinical-grade systems. Future research should include a rigorous clinical trial to collect longitudinal data and a large enough dataset to train and implement a machine learning-based image classifier.
Topics: Erythema; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Point-of-Care Systems; Skin; Smartphone
PubMed: 32578406
DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.25.6.066004 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2022
Topics: Humans; Blister; Erythema; Mercury Poisoning; Mercury; Pruritus; Poisoning
PubMed: 35962500
DOI: 10.25259/IJDVL_343-2021 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... May 2019Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with an unknown etiology and pathogenesis. The incidence and prevalence... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with an unknown etiology and pathogenesis. The incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing rapidly in Korea. Approximately one-third of patients with IBD appear to develop extra-intestinal manifestations with the skin being one of the most commonly affected organs. They may precede, occur simultaneously, or follow the diagnosis of IBD. In addition, they may parallel with the luminal symptoms or independent from the disease activity of IBD. This review outlines the skin manifestations associated with IBD and discusses their management. Skin manifestations should be managed in close collaboration with a dermatologist.
Topics: Erythema; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Periodontitis; Psoriasis; Pyoderma Gangrenosum; Skin Diseases; Steroids; Sweet Syndrome
PubMed: 31132835
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2019.73.5.285 -
Dermatology Online Journal May 2021Eosinophilic annular erythema is an idiopathic acute eosinophilic dermatosis. It is a rare condition, with approximately 30 cases reported in the English literature. It...
Eosinophilic annular erythema is an idiopathic acute eosinophilic dermatosis. It is a rare condition, with approximately 30 cases reported in the English literature. It features annular, figurate urticarial edematous plaques primarily affecting the trunk and proximal limbs. During evaluation of a patient, secondary causes of eosinophilic inflammation such as allergy-related conditions (eczema, drug, urticaria, contact dermatitis), parasitic infestations, and autoimmune dermatoses will need to be excluded. We present an unusual case of a 47-year-old patient who developed this condition.
Topics: Eosinophilia; Erythema; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases, Genetic; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous
PubMed: 34118823
DOI: 10.5070/D327553623 -
Journal of General Internal Medicine May 2017
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Erythema; Humans; Lyme Disease; Male; Middle Aged; Physical Examination; Skin Diseases, Bacterial
PubMed: 27957662
DOI: 10.1007/s11606-016-3939-0 -
MedGenMed : Medscape General Medicine Sep 2004Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is a characteristic skin condition seen in the presence of a pancreatic glucagonoma. The presence of NME in the absence of a... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is a characteristic skin condition seen in the presence of a pancreatic glucagonoma. The presence of NME in the absence of a pancreatic tumor has been termed the pseudoglucagonoma syndrome. In such cases, NME is commonly associated with conditions, such as liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, malabsorption disorders (ie, celiac sprue), and other malignancies. There are many theories on the pathogenesis of NME, which include the direct action of glucagon in inducing skin necrolysis, hypoaminoacidemia-inducing epidermal protein deficiency and necrolysis, a nutritional or metabolic deficiency of zinc or essential fatty acids, liver disease, glucagon induction of inflammatory mediators, a substance secreted from pancreatic and other visceral tumors associated with NME, and generalized malabsorption.
OBJECTIVE
To present a review of the literature on the clinical presentation, etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of NME.
DESIGN
Review of the literature on NME occurring in patients both with and without a pancreatic glucagonoma.
METHODS
We performed a PubMed review of the literature on the etiology and pathogenesis of NME to identify case reports and reviews published in both the internal medicine and dermatology literature.
RESULTS
Our literature review encompassed 17 primary case reports and literature reviews published in the dermatologic and internal medicine literature on NME in patients both with and without a pancreatic glucagonoma. Although we found no clear consensus among the investigators of a universally accepted pathogenesis for NME, we did identify 4 main categories of etiologic/pathogenetic mechanisms for NME (glucagon excess, nutritional deficiencies, inflammatory mediators, and liver disease) that were discussed by many of the investigators and validated by both clinical and scientific evidence.
CONCLUSION
The exact pathogenesis and treatment of NME remain ill-defined despite many case reports and studies on NME in the literature. The many systemic diseases and nutritional deficiencies that have been found to be associated with NME suggest a multifactorial model for the pathogenesis of the disease. The most comprehensive, postulated mechanism for NME involves a combination of zinc, amino acid, and fatty acid deficiencies (arising from a wide variety of causes, such as dietary insufficiency, malabsorption syndromes, liver disease, elevated glucagon levels, and disorders of metabolism) that contributes to increased inflammation in the epidermis in response to trauma and to the necrolysis observed in NME. The importance of gaining an understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of NME lies in the fact that there is no universally accepted mechanism of pathogenesis for NME, and that the only treatment reported to resolve the rash in these patients is to adequately identify and treat the underlying associated systemic condition or nutritional deficiency.
Topics: Erythema; Glucagon; Glucagonoma; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Liver Diseases; Nutrition Disorders; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 15520626
DOI: No ID Found