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Pharmacological Research Jan 2021Kidney injury is one of the main complications of obstructive jaundice (OJ) and its pathogenesis has not been clarified. As an independent risk factor for OJ associated... (Review)
Review
Kidney injury is one of the main complications of obstructive jaundice (OJ) and its pathogenesis has not been clarified. As an independent risk factor for OJ associated with significant morbidity and mortality, it can be mainly divided into two types of morphological injury and functional injury. We called these dysfunctions caused by OJ-induced kidney injury as OJKI. However, the etiology of OJKI is still not fully clear, and research studies on how OJKI becomes a facilitated factor of OJ are limited. This article reviews the underlying pathological mechanism from five aspects, including metabolisms of bile acids, hemodynamic disturbances, oxidative stress, inflammation and the organic transporter system. Some nephrotoxic drugs and measures that can enhance or reduce the renal function with potential intervention in perioperative periods to alleviate the incidence of OJKI were also described. Furthermore, a more in-depth study on the pathogenesis of OJKI from multiple aspects for exploring more targeted treatment measures were further put forward, which may provide new methods for the prevention and treatment of clinical OJKI and improve the prognosis.
Topics: Animals; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Jaundice, Obstructive; Kidney Diseases
PubMed: 33246170
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105311 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Dec 2022Neonatal jaundice is a very common disease in newborns and can lead to brain damage or death in severe cases. Phototherapy with light-emitting diode (LED) arrays is...
Neonatal jaundice is a very common disease in newborns and can lead to brain damage or death in severe cases. Phototherapy with light-emitting diode (LED) arrays is widely used as the easiest and fastest way to relieve jaundice in newborns, but it has distinct disadvantages such as loss of water in the patient, damage to the retina, and separation from parents. In this paper, a novel light source-based phototherapy for neonatal jaundice is proposed using a textile-based wearable organic light-emitting diode (OLED) platform that can move flexibly and conform to the curvature of the human body. The soft and flexible textile-based blue OLED platform is designed to have a peak wavelength of 470 nm, suitable for jaundice treatment, and shows performance (>20 µW cm nm ) suitable for intensive jaundice treatment even at low voltage (<4.0 V). The textile-based OLEDs fabricated in this study exhibit an operating reliability of over 100 h and low-temperature operation (<35 °C). The results of an in vitro jaundice treatment test using a large-area blue OLED confirm that the bilirubin level decreases to 12 mg dL with 3 h of OLED irradiation.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Reproducibility of Results; Phototherapy; Jaundice; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 36310107
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204622 -
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Jun 1991
Topics: Complementary Therapies; Humans; Jaundice; Medicine, Traditional; Placebos
PubMed: 2061891
DOI: 10.1177/014107689108400602 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2022The felicitous tourist destination "Hills Queen" and the capital city of Himachal Pradesh, an enticing state in the Himalayan region, are met with water crisis every...
The felicitous tourist destination "Hills Queen" and the capital city of Himachal Pradesh, an enticing state in the Himalayan region, are met with water crisis every year and jaundice outbreaks occasionally. In 2016, there was a severe jaundice outbreak in Shimla city. In a contemporaneous investigation, we attempted to trace out the possible reason for these crises in Shimla. Samples were collected month wise from different water-supply sources and their physicochemical and microbial loads were analyzed. The microbiological examination found a totally excessive microbial load (1.064 × 10 cfu/mL on common) throughout the year with a maximum (>1.98 × 10 cfu/mL) in the wet season and minimum (>3.00 × 10 cfu/mL) in the winter. Biochemical and morphological evaluation confirmed that most of the water resources reported a high number of coliforms and Gram-negative microorganisms due to sewage-water infiltration. These microorganisms in the water are responsible for the liver infection that ultimately causes jaundice. For safe and potable water, infiltration of municipal wastewater must be prevented at any cost. Scientific disposal of wastewater and purification of uncooked water have to be conducted earlier than consumption or use for different domestic functions, to avoid water crises and fetal ailment outbreaks in the near future.
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Drinking Water; Humans; Jaundice; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater; Water Microbiology; Water Purification
PubMed: 36141539
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811266 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Dec 2018In the absence of a civil registration system, a house-to-house survey is often used to estimate cause-specific mortality in low- and middle-income countries. However,...
In the absence of a civil registration system, a house-to-house survey is often used to estimate cause-specific mortality in low- and middle-income countries. However, house-to-house surveys are resource and time intensive. We applied a low-cost community knowledge approach to identify maternal deaths from any cause and jaundice-associated deaths among persons aged ≥ 14 years, and stillbirths and neonatal deaths in mothers with jaundice during pregnancy in five rural communities in Bangladesh. We estimated the method's sensitivity and cost savings compared with a house-to-house survey. In the five communities with a total of 125,570 population, we identified 13 maternal deaths, 60 deaths among persons aged ≥ 14 years associated with jaundice, five neonatal deaths, and four stillbirths born to a mother with jaundice during pregnancy over the 3-year period before the survey using the community knowledge approach. The sensitivity of community knowledge method in identifying target deaths ranged from 80% for neonatal deaths to 100% for stillbirths and maternal deaths. The community knowledge approach required 36% of the staff time to undertake compared with the house-to-house survey. The community knowledge approach was less expensive but highly sensitive in identifying maternal and jaundice-associated mortality, as well as all-cause adult mortality in rural settings in Bangladesh. This method can be applied in rural settings of other low- and middle-income countries and, in conjunction with hospital-based hepatitis diagnoses, used to monitor the impact of programs to reduce the burden of cause-specific hepatitis mortality, a current World Health Organization priority.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bangladesh; Cause of Death; Community Participation; Family Characteristics; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Surveys; Hepatitis; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant Mortality; Jaundice; Male; Maternal Death; Pregnancy; Rural Population; Stillbirth
PubMed: 30298803
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0974 -
Journal of the National Medical... Dec 2007Although abnormalities in hepatic biochemical tests are common in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), overt jaundice is infrequent. The aim of this...
Although abnormalities in hepatic biochemical tests are common in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), overt jaundice is infrequent. The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology and outcome of jaundice in African-American and Hispanic patients with AIDS. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 1,238 HIV-infected patients with abnormal liver chemistry over a 10-year period. Data were abstracted and analyzed for demography, medications, laboratory tests, abdominal ultrasonography, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and liver biopsy results. Of 1,238 patients with abnormal liver chemistry and HIV infection, 1,040 (84%) had AIDS. Of the 1,040 AIDS patients, 102 (10%) had jaundice (serum bilirubin >3 mg/dL). Of the 198 HIV-positive patients without AIDS and with abnormal liver chemistry, none had jaundice. The common causes of jaundice were drugs (29%) and infections (28%). Liver biopsy was performed in 20 AIDS patients, and the common findings included granulomas, Mycobacterium avium complex (25%) and Kaposi's sarcoma (25%). Of 102 patients with AIDS and jaundice, 72 (70%) died. Of the 198 patients without AIDS and without jaundice, 14 (7%) died. In conclusion, liver-associated enzyme abnormality was common among our patients with AIDS; however, jaundice was infrequent and associated with a high mortality; drugs, infections and alcohol were the common culprits.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Black or African American; Aged; Female; HIV Infections; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Jaundice; Liver Function Tests; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; United States
PubMed: 18229774
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Espanola de Cardiologia Nov 1999Streptokinase is a thrombolytic agent used very frequently for the early treatment of acute myocardial infarction. A 35-year-old male with inferior acute myocardial... (Review)
Review
Streptokinase is a thrombolytic agent used very frequently for the early treatment of acute myocardial infarction. A 35-year-old male with inferior acute myocardial infarction was admitted to the Coronary Care Unit and treated with systemic streptokinase. At the time of admission, he was a healthy male and he was not receiving any hepatotoxic agent. Six hours after thrombolysis, he developed high fever, painful hepatomegaly, jaundice and coluric urine. Leucocytosis with left deviation was observed in the hemogram and the liver function tests showed slight enzymatic elevation and hyperbilirubinemia. This condition was progressively improving and the patient was free of symptoms on the eighth day of evolution. Jaundice as secondary effect of streptokinase has been previously communicated in very few medical reports.
Topics: Adult; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Jaundice; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Streptokinase; Thrombolytic Therapy; Time Factors
PubMed: 10611814
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Research Notes Jun 2016Thyrotoxic crisis is a medical emergency requiring early diagnosis and urgent management, which can be challenging due to its diverse clinical presentations. While...
BACKGROUND
Thyrotoxic crisis is a medical emergency requiring early diagnosis and urgent management, which can be challenging due to its diverse clinical presentations. While common presentations include fever, sweating, palpitations, tremors and confusion, presence of jaundice is rare.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a 35-year-old male who presented with jaundice due to cholestasis along with other features of thyrotoxic crisis due to Graves' disease. He had a good clinical recovery with resolution of cholestasis following treatment for thyrotoxic crisis.
CONCLUSION
Jaundice can be a rare manifestation of thyrotoxic crisis, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis when other clinical features of thyrotoxic crisis are present. However secondary causes of jaundice should be looked into and excluded.
Topics: Adult; Cholestasis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Jaundice; Male; Thyroid Crisis
PubMed: 27338936
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2126-z -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Feb 1963Although the problems of at least 80% of patients presenting with jaundice lend themselves to accurate diagnosis by conventional clinical and laboratory findings, the...
Although the problems of at least 80% of patients presenting with jaundice lend themselves to accurate diagnosis by conventional clinical and laboratory findings, the remainder present an ever-increasing problem. The widespread and often indiscriminate use of many drugs has made the diagnosis of jaundice more difficult. It is now well established that many of these substances may effect liver function in a very selective fashion, resulting in a pattern of laboratory findings similar to those usually associated with surgical lesions of the biliary tree.By reviewing the newer concepts of bilirubin metabolism, the physician is in a better position to avoid these pitfalls. Since 1953, when the role of the liver in conjugation of bilirubin with glucuronic acid was defined, considerable revision in our previous concepts of bilirubin metabolism has taken place. The enzymatic activity of glucuronyl transferase and the conditions which arise in the presence of a deficiency of this enzyme have now defined a whole series of previously poorly understood jaundiced states.The problem presented by the jaundiced newborn is discussed at some length. Similarly, jaundice of long standing in the elderly debilitated adult is also discussed. The author feels that laparotomy with liver biopsy and/or cholangiography are of definite value in the management of these problems.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biliary Tract; Bilirubin; Biopsy; Cholangiography; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice; Jaundice, Neonatal; Liver
PubMed: 14022070
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Zhejiang University.... May 2017Jaundice is a common and complex clinical symptom potentially occurring in hepatology, general surgery, pediatrics, infectious diseases, gynecology, and obstetrics, and...
Jaundice is a common and complex clinical symptom potentially occurring in hepatology, general surgery, pediatrics, infectious diseases, gynecology, and obstetrics, and it is fairly difficult to distinguish the cause of jaundice in clinical practice, especially for general practitioners in less developed regions. With collaboration between physicians and artificial intelligence engineers, a comprehensive knowledge base relevant to jaundice was created based on demographic information, symptoms, physical signs, laboratory tests, imaging diagnosis, medical histories, and risk factors. Then a diagnostic modeling and reasoning system using the dynamic uncertain causality graph was proposed. A modularized modeling scheme was presented to reduce the complexity of model construction, providing multiple perspectives and arbitrary granularity for disease causality representations. A "chaining" inference algorithm and weighted logic operation mechanism were employed to guarantee the exactness and efficiency of diagnostic reasoning under situations of incomplete and uncertain information. Moreover, the causal interactions among diseases and symptoms intuitively demonstrated the reasoning process in a graphical manner. Verification was performed using 203 randomly pooled clinical cases, and the accuracy was 99.01% and 84.73%, respectively, with or without laboratory tests in the model. The solutions were more explicable and convincing than common methods such as Bayesian Networks, further increasing the objectivity of clinical decision-making. The promising results indicated that our model could be potentially used in intelligent diagnosis and help decrease public health expenditure.
Topics: Algorithms; Bayes Theorem; Causality; Computer Graphics; Computer Simulation; Decision Support Systems, Clinical; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Humans; Jaundice; Machine Learning; Models, Statistical; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 28471111
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1600273