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CA: a Cancer Journal For Clinicians Jan 2017Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Laryngeal cancer remains one of the most common tumors of the respiratory tract. Fortunately, significant advancements have been made... (Review)
Review
Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Laryngeal cancer remains one of the most common tumors of the respiratory tract. Fortunately, significant advancements have been made over the past decade in the treatment of laryngeal cancer. Although surgery has been the historical mainstay for localized disease and still is an integral part of treatment, nonsurgical options like radiation and systemic therapy have emerged as viable options. In addition, in the metastatic setting, novel agents are showing promise for this patient population. The care for patients with laryngeal cancer continues to evolve and truly requires a multidisciplinary team-based approach. Unique morbidities, such as loss of natural voice, respiration, and airway protection during swallowing, are observed with this disease and require special consideration. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:31-50. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Topics: Female; Humans; Incidence; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Male; Patient Care Team; Racial Groups; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; Survival Rate; United States
PubMed: 27898173
DOI: 10.3322/caac.21386 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... May 2021
Topics: Chondroma; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Larynx
PubMed: 32811795
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2020.08.003 -
Advances in Therapy Jul 2019A new edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Histological classification of tumours of the hypopharynx, larynx, trachea and parapharyngeal space was published in... (Review)
Review
A new edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Histological classification of tumours of the hypopharynx, larynx, trachea and parapharyngeal space was published in 2017. We have considered this classification regarding laryngeal neoplasms and discuss the grounds for said revision. Many of the laryngeal neoplasms described in the literature and in the previous WHO edition from 2005 have been omitted from this current revision. Many are described elsewhere in the book but it may give the new generation of pathologists/surgeons/oncologists the false impression that these tumour entities do not exist in the larynx.
Topics: Classification; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Laryngeal Neoplasms; World Health Organization
PubMed: 31119694
DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-00978-7 -
European Archives of... Mar 2022Carcinosarcoma, also known as Spindle Cell Carcinoma (SpCC), is a rare type of malignant tumor. Generally, this type of pathology occurs in the urogenital tract, the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Carcinosarcoma, also known as Spindle Cell Carcinoma (SpCC), is a rare type of malignant tumor. Generally, this type of pathology occurs in the urogenital tract, the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and mammary gland; in the larynx, SpCC represents only 2-3% of all malignancies. Due to its rarity, there is currently no generally acceptable treatment guideline for this disease. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature of SpCC of larynx and report epidemiologic, clinicopathologic and main therapeutic approaches for this entity.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and Scopus databases. For this review, the results were extrapolated in the period between January 1990 to September 2020. Data extraction was performed using a standard registry database. The clinical and pathological staging were recalculated according to the Eight Edition of AJCC Cancer Staging Manual and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Version 25.0.
RESULTS
A total of 111 patients affected by laryngeal carcinosarcoma were included. From our review arises that surgery is the main treatment for primary laryngeal carcinosarcoma. In this way, various techniques such as minimally invasive laryngoscopy excision, laser CO2 cordectomy, partial laryngectomy (vertical and horizontal) and total laryngectomy. The role of radiotherapy is still controversial. The overall survival (OS) for T1 stage tumor at 5 years of follow-up is 82.9%, the OS for T2 and T3 tumor is 74% and 73.4%. The OS at 5 years of follow-up is 91.7% for supraglottic tumor, 69.3% for glottic tumor and 50% for transglottic site. Subglottic site is described in only 2 cases [12-13], so the OS at 5 years is not statistically significant. The 5-year overall survival in patients without lymph nodes involvement (N0) is 90.2%, 66.7% and 50%, respectively, for N1 and N2 lesions.
CONCLUSION
Primary laryngeal carcinosarcoma is a very rare malignancy. There are no clear guidelines in the management but in the literature, surgery is described as the best modality of therapy; radiation only can be a reasonable alternative with controversial efficacy. The most important prognostic factor is the nodal metastasis.
Topics: Carcinosarcoma; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngectomy; Larynx; Neoplasm Staging; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34351467
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07027-6 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Aug 2014Subglottic haemangioma (SGH) is the rare condition of an infantile haemangioma in the subglottic space. The diagnostics is complicated due to the clinical symptoms...
Subglottic haemangioma (SGH) is the rare condition of an infantile haemangioma in the subglottic space. The diagnostics is complicated due to the clinical symptoms mimicking pseudocroup, and difficulties in visualization of the subglottic space. A two-month-old girl with a cycle of repeated hospitalizations due to recurrent and progressive croupal cough and stridor was diagnosed with SGH by laryngoscopy and initiated propranolol treatment with effect after 48 hours. SGH is rare but should be kept in mind in infants with recurrent croupal cough and stridor.
Topics: Female; Glottis; Hemangioma; Humans; Infant; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngoscopy; Propranolol; Rare Diseases; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 25292478
DOI: No ID Found -
Anesthesiology Nov 2014
Topics: Airway Management; Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Child; Female; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Papilloma; Radiography; Voice Disorders
PubMed: 23872934
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182a35336 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Sep 2021Hoarseness lasting greater than 2 weeks should be thoroughly evaluated. Here, a case is presented of a 38-year-old female with a 10-year history of dysphonia. Endoscopic...
Hoarseness lasting greater than 2 weeks should be thoroughly evaluated. Here, a case is presented of a 38-year-old female with a 10-year history of dysphonia. Endoscopic examination confirmed the presence of a supraglottic mass, for which operative biopsy and imaging were performed. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of supraglottic schwannoma. This was excised endoscopically with close management postoperatively to monitor for rapid recurrence and airway compromise. At one month postoperatively, the patient is still mildly dysphonic but vocally improved and the operative site continues to heal well.
Topics: Adult; Dysphonia; Epiglottis; Female; Hoarseness; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngoscopy; Neurilemmoma
PubMed: 34112006
DOI: 10.1177/01455613211018586 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jan 2024: Paragangliomas of the head and neck are rare neuroendocrine tumors originating from the paraganglia, which might be sympathetic or parasympathetic. Laryngeal...
: Paragangliomas of the head and neck are rare neuroendocrine tumors originating from the paraganglia, which might be sympathetic or parasympathetic. Laryngeal paragangliomas are the rarest subtype of these tumors, with only 1.41% of all paragangliomas, arising from the supraglottic or subglottic paraganglia of the larynx. The vast majority of them are benign, but there are some cases in which they turn out to be malignant, and the only way to know with certainty the difference between them is when we identify distant metastases. The aim of this article is to share our experience with a rare case of laryngeal paraganglioma and review the clinical characteristics, methods of diagnostic, necessary investigation prior to the operation, and surgical management of this type of tumor. : We present the case of a 68-year-old female patient, a non-smoker, who accused dysphagia, dysphonia, foreign body sensation, chronic cough, and hoarseness for six months. We performed a tracheostomy prior to biopsy to secure the airways in case of bleeding and then took a few biopsy samples. The histopathological exam revealed the presence of a laryngeal paraganglioma. An enhanced CT scan was performed in order to describe the localization, size, and invasion of the tumor. We also measured the vanillylmandelic acid from the urine to determine if the tumor produced catecholamines alongside a full cardiology and endocrinology examinations. In order to prevent massive bleeding during the operation, chemoembolization was attempted before surgery, but it was unsuccessful due to an anatomical variation of the left superior thyroid artery. She underwent surgery, first through transoral endoscopic microsurgery; however, we decided to undertake an external approach because of poor bleeding control, even though we had ligated both the superior thyroid artery and the external carotid artery, with a thyrotomy and laryngofissure achieving the complete resection of the tumor. : The patient was discharged 10 postoperative days later, with the recommendation of introducing food step-by-step from liquids to solids. She was decannulated after 30 days, with no complications regarding breathing, phonation, or deglutition. Twelve months after the surgery, we did not identify any local relapses of distant metastases. : Laryngeal paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from the laryngeal paraganglia. Surgery is the best treatment option available, and it can be done by either an external approach or by transoral endoscopy. Enhanced CT or MRI, as well as full cardiological and endocrinological evaluation are mandatory prior to the operation. Measuring the catecholamines levels show the if the tumor is secretory. Controlling the bleeding poses the biggest challenge in performing the resection of the tumor, especially when a transoral endoscopic approach is chosen. Further standardized follow-up guidelines are required in the future.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Paraganglioma; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Catecholamines
PubMed: 38399485
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020198 -
Postepy Higieny I Medycyny... Dec 2016One of the most common carcinoma occurring in the head and neck is laryngeal cancer. Despite the rapid scientific advances in medicine the prognosis for patients with... (Review)
Review
One of the most common carcinoma occurring in the head and neck is laryngeal cancer. Despite the rapid scientific advances in medicine the prognosis for patients with such type of disease is not satisfying. In the last few years matrix metalloproteinases ‑ MMPs and their tissue inhibitors - TIMPs, mostly MMP‑2 and MMP‑9, arouses a great interest, especially in the process of carcinogenesis. It seems that their impact in the formation and development of laryngeal cancer is significant. MMPs a group of zinc‑ and calcium‑ dependent endopeptidases play crucial role extracellular matrix collagen degradation. That are enzymes, that degrade and the basement membrane by facilitating tumor growth, cell migration and tumor invasion. They are implicated in metastasis and angiogenesis potentiate within the tumor. Clear tendency was observed towards the higher MMPs and TIMPs expression in larynx cancer than in the stroma. Recent studies show correlations between increased MMP‑2 gene expression in the tumor tissue and clinical status, histopathological grading and metastases occurrence. The similar MMP2 over expression dependence were found on tumor recurrence and survival. Many authors pointed out, significant higher MMP‑2 expression as a potential marker of tumor invasiveness and worse prognosis in patients with larynx cancer. However, association of MMP 9 gene expression with laryngeal cancer clinicopathological features and survival of patients are ambiguous. Although, numerous researches show that this relationship does exists. Similar correlations could be found in TIMPs, but further studies are necessary because of small amount of literature.
Topics: Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases
PubMed: 28026822
DOI: No ID Found -
Head and Neck Pathology Dec 2021Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) is a rare clinicopathologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Histologically, it is characterized by invasive growth of bland, acanthotic,...
Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) is a rare clinicopathologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Histologically, it is characterized by invasive growth of bland, acanthotic, and keratinizing squamous epithelium that forms multiple rabbit burrow-like, keratin-filled crypts and sinuses. We present a 51-year-old male smoker with CC of the left vocal cord. The tumor was staged T1a and the patient was disease-free 12 months after surgery. To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of CC of the larynx reported in the English literature and the first, due to its early diagnosis, where radical surgery was not performed. We highlight the necessity for awareness of this entity and coordination between otolaryngologists, radiologists, and pathologists for early diagnosis and organ-sparing surgical treatment.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngoscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Smokers; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33394373
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01264-7