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World Journal of Gastroenterology Jul 2016The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) - Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) - has been increasing on a global scale, and progressively, more... (Review)
Review
The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) - Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) - has been increasing on a global scale, and progressively, more gastroenterologists will be included in the diagnosis and treatment of IBD. Although IBD primarily affects the intestinal tract, extraintestinal manifestations of the disease are often apparent, including in the oral cavity, especially in CD. Specific oral manifestations in patients with CD are as follows: indurate mucosal tags, cobblestoning and mucogingivitis, deep linear ulcerations and lip swelling with vertical fissures. The most common non-specific manifestations, such as aphthous stomatitis and angular cheilitis, occur in both diseases, while pyostomatitis vegetans is more pronounced in patients with UC. Non-specific lesions in the oral cavity can also be the result of malnutrition and drugs. Malnutrition, followed by anemia and mineral and vitamin deficiency, affects the oral cavity and teeth. Furthermore, all of the drug classes that are applied to the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases can lead to alterations in the oral cavity due to the direct toxic effects of the drugs on oral tissues, as well as indirect immunosuppressive effects with a risk of developing opportunistic infections or bone marrow suppression. There is a higher occurrence of malignant diseases in patients with IBD, which is related to the disease itself and to the IBD-related therapy with a possible oral pathology. Treatment of oral lesions includes treatment of the alterations in the oral cavity according to the etiology together with treatment of the primary intestinal disease, which requires adequate knowledge and a strong cooperation between gastroenterologists and specialists in oral medicine.
Topics: Cheilitis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Gingivitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lip Diseases; Malnutrition; Mouth Diseases; Oral Ulcer; Stomatitis; Stomatitis, Aphthous
PubMed: 27433081
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i25.5655 -
Acta Clinica Croatica Jun 2018Although cheilitis as a term describing lip inflammation has been identified and recognized for a long time, until now there have been no clear recommendations for its... (Review)
Review
Although cheilitis as a term describing lip inflammation has been identified and recognized for a long time, until now there have been no clear recommendations for its work-up and classification. The disease may appear as an isolated condition or as part of certain systemic diseases/conditions (such as anemia due to vitamin B12 or iron deficiency) or local infections (e.g., herpes and oral candidiasis). Cheilitis can also be a symptom of a contact reaction to an irritant or allergen, or may be provoked by sun exposure (actinic cheilitis) or drug intake, especially retinoids. Generally, the forms most commonly reported in the literature are angular, contact (allergic and irritant), actinic, glandular, granulomatous, exfoliative and plasma cell cheilitis. However, variable nomenclature is used and subtypes are grouped and named differently. According to our experience and clinical practice, we suggest classification based on primary differences in the duration and etiology of individual groups of cheilitis, as follows: 1) mainly reversible (simplex, angular/infective, contact/eczematous, exfoliative, drug-related); 2) mainly irreversible (actinic, granulomatous, glandular, plasma cell); and 3) cheilitis connected to dermatoses and systemic diseases (lupus, lichen planus, pemphi-gus/pemphigoid group, -angioedema, xerostomia, etc.).
Topics: Allergens; Cheilitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 30431729
DOI: 10.20471/acc.2018.57.02.16 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2016Feeding difficulties in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) are frequent and appear at birth due to impairment of sucking and swallowing functions. The use of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Feeding difficulties in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) are frequent and appear at birth due to impairment of sucking and swallowing functions. The use of appropriate feeding methods for the different types of cleft and the period of the child's life is of utmost importance for their full development.
OBJECTIVE
Review studies comparing feeding methods for children with CLP, pre- and postoperatively.
METHODS
The search covered the period between January 1990 and August 2015 in the PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases using the terms: cleft lip or cleft palate and feeding methods or breastfeeding or swallowing disorders and their synonyms. This systematic review was recorded in PROSPERO under number CRD42014015011. Publications that compared feeding methods and published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included in the review. Studies with associated syndromes, orthopedic methods, or comparing surgical techniques were not included.
RESULTS
The three reviewed studies on the period prior to surgical repair showed better feeding performance with three different methods: squeezable bottle, syringe, and paladai bottle. Only one study addressed the postoperative period of cleft lip and/or palate repair, with positive results for the feeding method with suction. Likewise, the post-lip repair studies showed better results with suction methods. After palatoplasty, two studies showed better performance with alternative feeding routes, one study with suction method, and one study that compared methods with no suction showed better results with spoon.
CONCLUSION
The studies show that prior to surgical repair, the use of alternative methods can be beneficial. In the postoperative period following lip repair, methods with suction are more beneficial. However, in the postoperative period of palatoplasty, there are divergences of opinion regarding the most appropriate feeding methods.
Topics: Child; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Feeding Methods; Humans
PubMed: 26997574
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.10.020 -
Viruses Jan 2023Herpes labialis remains exceedingly prevalent and is one of the most common human viral infections throughout the world. Recurrent herpes labialis evolves from the... (Review)
Review
Herpes labialis remains exceedingly prevalent and is one of the most common human viral infections throughout the world. Recurrent herpes labialis evolves from the initial viral infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) which subsequently presents with or without symptoms. Reactivation of this virus is triggered by psychosocial factors such as stress, febrile environment, ultraviolet light susceptibility, or specific dietary inadequacy. This virus infection is also characterized by uninterrupted transitions between chronic-latent and acute-recurrent phases, allowing the virus to opportunistically avoid immunity and warrant the transmission to other vulnerable hosts simultaneously. This review comprehensively evaluates the current evidence on epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission modes, clinical manifestations, and current management options of herpes labialis infections.
Topics: Humans; Herpes Labialis; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 36680265
DOI: 10.3390/v15010225 -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Jul 2021The prevalence of congenital anomalies in newborns in South Korea was 272.9 per 100,000 in 2005, and 314.7 per 100,000 in 2006. In other studies, the prevalence of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of congenital anomalies in newborns in South Korea was 272.9 per 100,000 in 2005, and 314.7 per 100,000 in 2006. In other studies, the prevalence of congenital anomalies in South Korea was equivalent to 286.9 per 10,000 livebirths in 2006, while it was estimated 446.3 per 10,000 births during the period from 2008 to 2014. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses analyzing the factors contributing to congenital anomalies have been reported, but comprehensive umbrella reviews are lacking.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases up to July 1, 2019, for systematic reviews and meta-analyses that investigated the effects of environmental and genetic factors on any type of congenital anomalies. We categorized 8 subgroups of congenital anomalies classified according to the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Two researchers independently searched the literature, retrieved the data, and evaluated the quality of each study.
RESULTS
We reviewed 66 systematic reviews and meta-analyses that investigated the association between non-genetic or genetic risk factors and congenital anomalies. Overall, 269 associations and 128 associations were considered for environmental and genetic risk factors, respectively. Congenital anomalies based on congenital heart diseases, cleft lip and palate, and others were associated with environmental risk factors based on maternal exposure to environmental exposures (air pollution, toxic chemicals), parental smoking, maternal history (infectious diseases during pregnancy, pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus, and gestational diabetes mellitus), maternal obesity, maternal drug intake, pregnancy through artificial reproductive technologies, and socioeconomic factors. The association of maternal alcohol or coffee consumption with congenital anomalies was not significant, and maternal folic acid supplementation had a preventive effect on congenital heart defects. Genes or genetic loci associated with congenital anomalies included , and , , , , , and 1p22 and 20q12 anomalies.
CONCLUSION
This study provides a wide perspective on the distribution of environmental and genetic risk factors of congenital anomalies, thus suggesting future studies and providing health policy implications.
Topics: Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Congenital Abnormalities; Diabetes, Gestational; Environmental Exposure; Female; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Exposure; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Risk Factors; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 34282604
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e183 -
The Laryngoscope May 2017Numerous symptoms may arise that prevent mother-infant dyads from maintaining desired breastfeeding intervals. Investigations into treatments that positively influence...
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
Numerous symptoms may arise that prevent mother-infant dyads from maintaining desired breastfeeding intervals. Investigations into treatments that positively influence breastfeeding outcomes allow for improved patient counseling for treatment decisions to optimize breastfeeding quality. This investigation aimed to determine the impact of surgical tongue-tie/lip-tie release on breastfeeding impairment.
STUDY DESIGN
Prospective, cohort study from June 2014 to April 2015 in a private practice setting.
METHODS
Study participants consisted of breastfeeding mother-infant (0-12 weeks of age) dyads with untreated ankyloglossia and/or tethered maxillary labial frenula who completed preoperative, 1 week, and 1 month postoperative surveys consisting of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF), visual analog scale (VAS) for nipple pain severity, and the revised Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire (I-GERQ-R). Breastmilk intake was measured preoperatively and 1 week postoperatively.
RESULTS
A total of 237 dyads were enrolled after self-electing laser lingual frenotomy and/or maxillary labial frenectomy. Isolated posterior tongue-tie was identified in 78% of infants. Significant postoperative improvements were reported between mean preoperative scores compared to 1 week and 1 month scores of the BSES-SF (F = 212.3; P < .001), the I-GERQ-R (F = 85.3; P < .001), and VAS pain scale (F = 259.8; P < .001). Average breastmilk intake improved 155% from 3.0 (2.9) to 4.9 (4.5) mL/min (P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Surgical release of tongue-tie/lip-tie results in significant improvement in breastfeeding outcomes. Improvements occur early (1 week postoperatively) and continue to improve through 1 month postoperatively. Improvements were demonstrated in both infants with classic anterior tongue-tie and less obvious posterior tongue-tie. This study identifies a previously under-recognized patient population that may benefit from surgical intervention if abnormal breastfeeding symptoms exist.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
2c Laryngoscope, 127:1217-1223, 2017.
Topics: Ankyloglossia; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lingual Frenum; Lip Diseases; Pain Measurement; Prospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27641715
DOI: 10.1002/lary.26306 -
Swiss Dental Journal 2017Crohns disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease whose oral features remain underrated at clinical examination. The aim of the study was to report...
Crohns disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease whose oral features remain underrated at clinical examination. The aim of the study was to report forerunner orofacial presentations leading to diagnosis of CD among nine patients of mean age 23 between 2008 and 2015. Linear ulcerative buccal lesions, cobblestoning, mucosal tags and perioral erythema are highly evocative and might precede intestinal signs for several years. Oral biopsies revealed highly suggestive lesions of CD for 45% of patients before any intestinal symptom or digestive investigation. Mean time to diagnosis was 14 months. Immunomodulatory therapy (azathioprine, infliximab, adalimumab) was introduced alone or in association for 89% of patients. Early diagnosis could lead to specific therapy, often necessary to reduce severity of lesions and improve quality of life.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gingiva; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Lip Diseases; Male; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Prodromal Symptoms; Skin; Young Adult
PubMed: 28752504
DOI: No ID Found -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Nov 2020Pai syndrome is a rare idiopathic developmental condition characterized by midline craniofacial abnormalities. It was originally described as the presence of a median... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pai syndrome is a rare idiopathic developmental condition characterized by midline craniofacial abnormalities. It was originally described as the presence of a median cleft lip, cutaneous polyps of the nasal mucosa and face, and midline lipomas of the central nervous system, mostly at the corpus callosum. However, there is great phenotypical variability and these characteristics are rarely all present at once.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to analyze the available evidence regarding Pai syndrome in order to better delineate this rare condition and its features.
METHODS
We analyzed the PubMed database using the words "Pai syndrome", "frontonasal dysplasia", "cleft lip", "nasal polyp", "facial polyp", and "corpus callosum lipoma", including reviews, case reports and case series.
CONCLUSION
There is no consensus regarding the diagnostic criteria of Pai syndrome up to date. It is usually diagnosed at birth, and its incidence is often underestimated. At present, the etiology of Pai syndrome is unknown. Several hypotheses regarding its genetic background have been made; however, there are not enough data yet to elucidate this point. An improved awareness could help in diagnosing the condition and performing the necessary investigations. These patients should have a multidisciplinary follow-up.
Topics: Agenesis of Corpus Callosum; Cleft Lip; Coloboma; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lipoma; Nasal Polyps; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 32651596
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04788-z -
Oral Diseases Jul 2022This systematic review compared children's primary dentition caries experience for those with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and without. Four databases were searched... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review compared children's primary dentition caries experience for those with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and without. Four databases were searched without date restriction for; cross-sectional studies comparing caries experience for children with CL/P to those without. Screening, data extraction and risk assessment were carried out independently (in duplicate). Meta-analyses used a random-effects model. Twenty studies (21 reports) fitting the inclusion criteria comprised 4647 children in primary dentition from 12 countries. For dmft (n = 3016 children; 15 groups), CL/P mean = 3.2; standard deviation = 2.22 and no CL/P mean dmft = 2.5; sd 1.53. For dmfs (n = 1095 children; 6 groups), CL/P mean = 4; sd = 3.5 and no CL/P mean = 3; sd = 2.8. For % caries experience (n = 1094 children; 7 groups), CL/P mean = 65%; sd = 20.8 and no CL/P mean = 52%; sd = 28.1. Meta-analysis showed higher caries experience in children with CL/P, standardised mean difference = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.15, 0.77. Studies' risk of bias was high (n = 7), medium (n-10) and low (n = 3). Children with CL/P had higher caries experience compared to those without CLP.
Topics: Child; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Humans
PubMed: 35263806
DOI: 10.1111/odi.14183 -
Annual Review of Nutrition Aug 2023Riboflavin, in its cofactor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), plays fundamental roles in energy metabolism, cellular antioxidant... (Review)
Review
Riboflavin, in its cofactor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), plays fundamental roles in energy metabolism, cellular antioxidant potential, and metabolic interactions with other micronutrients, including iron, vitamin B, and folate. Severe riboflavin deficiency, largely confined to low-income countries, clinically manifests as cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and severe anemia with erythroid hypoplasia. Subclinical deficiency may be much more widespread, including in high-income countries, but typically goes undetected because riboflavin biomarkers are rarely measured in human studies. There are adverse health consequences of low and deficient riboflavin status throughout the life cycle, including anemia and hypertension, that could contribute substantially to the global burden of disease. This review considers the available evidence on causes, detection, and consequences of riboflavin deficiency, ranging from clinical deficiency signs to manifestations associated with less severe deficiency, and the related research, public health, and policy priorities.
Topics: Humans; Riboflavin Deficiency; Riboflavin; Causality; Antioxidants; Bone Marrow Failure Disorders; Disease Progression; Lip Diseases
PubMed: 37603429
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-084407