-
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jul 2016The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) - Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) - has been increasing on a global scale, and progressively, more... (Review)
Review
The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) - Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) - has been increasing on a global scale, and progressively, more gastroenterologists will be included in the diagnosis and treatment of IBD. Although IBD primarily affects the intestinal tract, extraintestinal manifestations of the disease are often apparent, including in the oral cavity, especially in CD. Specific oral manifestations in patients with CD are as follows: indurate mucosal tags, cobblestoning and mucogingivitis, deep linear ulcerations and lip swelling with vertical fissures. The most common non-specific manifestations, such as aphthous stomatitis and angular cheilitis, occur in both diseases, while pyostomatitis vegetans is more pronounced in patients with UC. Non-specific lesions in the oral cavity can also be the result of malnutrition and drugs. Malnutrition, followed by anemia and mineral and vitamin deficiency, affects the oral cavity and teeth. Furthermore, all of the drug classes that are applied to the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases can lead to alterations in the oral cavity due to the direct toxic effects of the drugs on oral tissues, as well as indirect immunosuppressive effects with a risk of developing opportunistic infections or bone marrow suppression. There is a higher occurrence of malignant diseases in patients with IBD, which is related to the disease itself and to the IBD-related therapy with a possible oral pathology. Treatment of oral lesions includes treatment of the alterations in the oral cavity according to the etiology together with treatment of the primary intestinal disease, which requires adequate knowledge and a strong cooperation between gastroenterologists and specialists in oral medicine.
Topics: Cheilitis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Gingivitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lip Diseases; Malnutrition; Mouth Diseases; Oral Ulcer; Stomatitis; Stomatitis, Aphthous
PubMed: 27433081
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i25.5655 -
Acta Clinica Croatica Jun 2018Although cheilitis as a term describing lip inflammation has been identified and recognized for a long time, until now there have been no clear recommendations for its... (Review)
Review
Although cheilitis as a term describing lip inflammation has been identified and recognized for a long time, until now there have been no clear recommendations for its work-up and classification. The disease may appear as an isolated condition or as part of certain systemic diseases/conditions (such as anemia due to vitamin B12 or iron deficiency) or local infections (e.g., herpes and oral candidiasis). Cheilitis can also be a symptom of a contact reaction to an irritant or allergen, or may be provoked by sun exposure (actinic cheilitis) or drug intake, especially retinoids. Generally, the forms most commonly reported in the literature are angular, contact (allergic and irritant), actinic, glandular, granulomatous, exfoliative and plasma cell cheilitis. However, variable nomenclature is used and subtypes are grouped and named differently. According to our experience and clinical practice, we suggest classification based on primary differences in the duration and etiology of individual groups of cheilitis, as follows: 1) mainly reversible (simplex, angular/infective, contact/eczematous, exfoliative, drug-related); 2) mainly irreversible (actinic, granulomatous, glandular, plasma cell); and 3) cheilitis connected to dermatoses and systemic diseases (lupus, lichen planus, pemphi-gus/pemphigoid group, -angioedema, xerostomia, etc.).
Topics: Allergens; Cheilitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 30431729
DOI: 10.20471/acc.2018.57.02.16 -
Viruses Jan 2023Herpes labialis remains exceedingly prevalent and is one of the most common human viral infections throughout the world. Recurrent herpes labialis evolves from the... (Review)
Review
Herpes labialis remains exceedingly prevalent and is one of the most common human viral infections throughout the world. Recurrent herpes labialis evolves from the initial viral infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) which subsequently presents with or without symptoms. Reactivation of this virus is triggered by psychosocial factors such as stress, febrile environment, ultraviolet light susceptibility, or specific dietary inadequacy. This virus infection is also characterized by uninterrupted transitions between chronic-latent and acute-recurrent phases, allowing the virus to opportunistically avoid immunity and warrant the transmission to other vulnerable hosts simultaneously. This review comprehensively evaluates the current evidence on epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission modes, clinical manifestations, and current management options of herpes labialis infections.
Topics: Humans; Herpes Labialis; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 36680265
DOI: 10.3390/v15010225 -
The Laryngoscope May 2017Numerous symptoms may arise that prevent mother-infant dyads from maintaining desired breastfeeding intervals. Investigations into treatments that positively influence...
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
Numerous symptoms may arise that prevent mother-infant dyads from maintaining desired breastfeeding intervals. Investigations into treatments that positively influence breastfeeding outcomes allow for improved patient counseling for treatment decisions to optimize breastfeeding quality. This investigation aimed to determine the impact of surgical tongue-tie/lip-tie release on breastfeeding impairment.
STUDY DESIGN
Prospective, cohort study from June 2014 to April 2015 in a private practice setting.
METHODS
Study participants consisted of breastfeeding mother-infant (0-12 weeks of age) dyads with untreated ankyloglossia and/or tethered maxillary labial frenula who completed preoperative, 1 week, and 1 month postoperative surveys consisting of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF), visual analog scale (VAS) for nipple pain severity, and the revised Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire (I-GERQ-R). Breastmilk intake was measured preoperatively and 1 week postoperatively.
RESULTS
A total of 237 dyads were enrolled after self-electing laser lingual frenotomy and/or maxillary labial frenectomy. Isolated posterior tongue-tie was identified in 78% of infants. Significant postoperative improvements were reported between mean preoperative scores compared to 1 week and 1 month scores of the BSES-SF (F = 212.3; P < .001), the I-GERQ-R (F = 85.3; P < .001), and VAS pain scale (F = 259.8; P < .001). Average breastmilk intake improved 155% from 3.0 (2.9) to 4.9 (4.5) mL/min (P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Surgical release of tongue-tie/lip-tie results in significant improvement in breastfeeding outcomes. Improvements occur early (1 week postoperatively) and continue to improve through 1 month postoperatively. Improvements were demonstrated in both infants with classic anterior tongue-tie and less obvious posterior tongue-tie. This study identifies a previously under-recognized patient population that may benefit from surgical intervention if abnormal breastfeeding symptoms exist.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
2c Laryngoscope, 127:1217-1223, 2017.
Topics: Ankyloglossia; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lingual Frenum; Lip Diseases; Pain Measurement; Prospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27641715
DOI: 10.1002/lary.26306 -
Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) Feb 2007Heterozygous mutations in the transcription factor gene p63 are causative for several syndromes, with ectodermal dysplasia, orofacial clefting and limb malformations as... (Review)
Review
Heterozygous mutations in the transcription factor gene p63 are causative for several syndromes, with ectodermal dysplasia, orofacial clefting and limb malformations as the key characteristics. Different combinations of these features are seen in five different syndromes, of which ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip/palate syndrome (EEC) is the most common one. Mutations in p63 can also cause non-syndromic single malformations, such as split hand foot malformation (SHFM4) and isolated cleft lip (NSCL). In this article we will present an overview of diseases caused by mutations in the p63 gene and review the known pathogenic p63 gene mutations.
Topics: Cleft Lip; DNA-Binding Proteins; Ectodermal Dysplasia; Humans; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Mutation; Syndrome; Trans-Activators; Transcription Factors; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
PubMed: 17224651
DOI: 10.4161/cc.6.3.3796 -
Annual Review of Nutrition Aug 2023Riboflavin, in its cofactor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), plays fundamental roles in energy metabolism, cellular antioxidant... (Review)
Review
Riboflavin, in its cofactor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), plays fundamental roles in energy metabolism, cellular antioxidant potential, and metabolic interactions with other micronutrients, including iron, vitamin B, and folate. Severe riboflavin deficiency, largely confined to low-income countries, clinically manifests as cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and severe anemia with erythroid hypoplasia. Subclinical deficiency may be much more widespread, including in high-income countries, but typically goes undetected because riboflavin biomarkers are rarely measured in human studies. There are adverse health consequences of low and deficient riboflavin status throughout the life cycle, including anemia and hypertension, that could contribute substantially to the global burden of disease. This review considers the available evidence on causes, detection, and consequences of riboflavin deficiency, ranging from clinical deficiency signs to manifestations associated with less severe deficiency, and the related research, public health, and policy priorities.
Topics: Humans; Riboflavin Deficiency; Riboflavin; Causality; Antioxidants; Bone Marrow Failure Disorders; Disease Progression; Lip Diseases
PubMed: 37603429
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-084407 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Nov 2020Pai syndrome is a rare idiopathic developmental condition characterized by midline craniofacial abnormalities. It was originally described as the presence of a median... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pai syndrome is a rare idiopathic developmental condition characterized by midline craniofacial abnormalities. It was originally described as the presence of a median cleft lip, cutaneous polyps of the nasal mucosa and face, and midline lipomas of the central nervous system, mostly at the corpus callosum. However, there is great phenotypical variability and these characteristics are rarely all present at once.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to analyze the available evidence regarding Pai syndrome in order to better delineate this rare condition and its features.
METHODS
We analyzed the PubMed database using the words "Pai syndrome", "frontonasal dysplasia", "cleft lip", "nasal polyp", "facial polyp", and "corpus callosum lipoma", including reviews, case reports and case series.
CONCLUSION
There is no consensus regarding the diagnostic criteria of Pai syndrome up to date. It is usually diagnosed at birth, and its incidence is often underestimated. At present, the etiology of Pai syndrome is unknown. Several hypotheses regarding its genetic background have been made; however, there are not enough data yet to elucidate this point. An improved awareness could help in diagnosing the condition and performing the necessary investigations. These patients should have a multidisciplinary follow-up.
Topics: Agenesis of Corpus Callosum; Cleft Lip; Coloboma; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lipoma; Nasal Polyps; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 32651596
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04788-z -
Swiss Dental Journal 2017Crohns disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease whose oral features remain underrated at clinical examination. The aim of the study was to report...
Crohns disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease whose oral features remain underrated at clinical examination. The aim of the study was to report forerunner orofacial presentations leading to diagnosis of CD among nine patients of mean age 23 between 2008 and 2015. Linear ulcerative buccal lesions, cobblestoning, mucosal tags and perioral erythema are highly evocative and might precede intestinal signs for several years. Oral biopsies revealed highly suggestive lesions of CD for 45% of patients before any intestinal symptom or digestive investigation. Mean time to diagnosis was 14 months. Immunomodulatory therapy (azathioprine, infliximab, adalimumab) was introduced alone or in association for 89% of patients. Early diagnosis could lead to specific therapy, often necessary to reduce severity of lesions and improve quality of life.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Crohn Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gingiva; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Lip Diseases; Male; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Prodromal Symptoms; Skin; Young Adult
PubMed: 28752504
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Orofacial cleft disorders, including cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), are one of the most frequently-occurring congenital disorders worldwide. The health issues of... (Review)
Review
Orofacial cleft disorders, including cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), are one of the most frequently-occurring congenital disorders worldwide. The health issues of patients with CL/P encompass far more than just their anatomic anomaly, as patients with CL/P are prone to having a high incidence of infectious diseases. While it has been previously established that the oral microbiome of patients with CL/P differs from that of unaffected patients, the exact nature of this variance, including the relevant bacterial species, has not been fully elucidated; likewise, examination of anatomic locations besides the cleft site has been neglected. Here, we intended to provide a comprehensive review to highlight the significant microbiota differences between CL/P patients and healthy subjects in various anatomic locations, including the teeth inside and adjacent to the cleft, oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx, and ear, as well as bodily fluids, secretions, and excretions. A number of bacterial and fungal species that have been proven to be pathogenic were found to be prevalently and/or specifically detected in CL/P patients, which can benefit the development of CL/P-specific microbiota management strategies.
Topics: Humans; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Nasal Cavity
PubMed: 37143743
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1159455 -
Birth Defects Research Nov 2020Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are among the most common birth defects and impart a significant burden on afflicted individuals and their families. It is increasingly... (Review)
Review
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are among the most common birth defects and impart a significant burden on afflicted individuals and their families. It is increasingly understood that many nonsyndromic OFCs are a consequence of extrinsic factors, genetic susceptibilities, and interactions of the two. Therefore, understanding the environmental mechanisms of OFCs is important in the prevention of future cases. This review examines the molecular mechanisms associated with environmental factors that either protect against or increase the risk of OFCs. We focus on essential metabolic pathways, environmental signaling mechanisms, detoxification pathways, behavioral risk factors, and biological hazards that may disrupt orofacial development.
Topics: Brain; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33125192
DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1830