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Oral Diseases Nov 2021Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are associated with an increased risk of occurrence of cancers of the lip or oral cavity. This paper presents an updated... (Review)
Review
Oral potentially malignant disorders: A consensus report from an international seminar on nomenclature and classification, convened by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer.
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are associated with an increased risk of occurrence of cancers of the lip or oral cavity. This paper presents an updated report on the nomenclature and the classification of OPMDs, based predominantly on their clinical features, following discussions by an expert group at a workshop held by the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer in the UK. The first workshop held in London in 2005 considered a wide spectrum of disorders under the term "potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa" (PMD) (now referred to as oral potentially malignant disorders: OPMD) including leukoplakia, erythroplakia, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, palatal lesions in reverse smokers, lupus erythematosus, epidermolysis bullosa, and dyskeratosis congenita. Any new evidence published in the intervening period was considered to make essential changes to the 2007 classification. In the current update, most entities were retained with minor changes to their definition. There is sufficient evidence for an increased risk of oral cancer among patients diagnosed with "oral lichenoid lesions" and among those diagnosed with oral manifestations of 'chronic graft-versus-host disease'. These have now been added to the list of OPMDs. There is, to date, insufficient evidence concerning the malignant potential of chronic hyperplastic candidosis and of oral exophytic verrucous hyperplasia to consider these conditions as OPMDs. Furthermore, due to lack of clear evidence of an OPMD in epidermolysis bullosa this was moved to the category with limited evidence. We recommend the establishment of a global research consortium to further study the natural history of OPMDs based on the classification and nomenclature proposed here. This will require multi-center longitudinal studies with uniform diagnostic criteria to improve the identification and cancer risk stratification of patients with OPMDs, link them to evidence-based interventions, with a goal to facilitate the prevention and management of lip and oral cavity cancer.
Topics: Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Consensus; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Lichen Planus, Oral; Mouth Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions; World Health Organization
PubMed: 33128420
DOI: 10.1111/odi.13704 -
Genes Mar 2021Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare developmental disorder principally comprised of developmental delay, hypotonia and a clearly defined dysmorphism: elongation of the... (Review)
Review
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare developmental disorder principally comprised of developmental delay, hypotonia and a clearly defined dysmorphism: elongation of the structures surrounding the eyes, a shortened and depressed nose, thinning of the upper lip and thickening of the lower lip, large and prominent ears, hypertrichosis and scoliosis. Other characteristics include poor physical growth, cardiac, gastrointestinal and renal anomalies as well as variable behavioral issues, including autistic features. De novo or inherited pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the gene are the most common cause of KS and account for up to 75% of patients. Variants in cause up to 5% of cases (X-linked dominant inheritance), while the etiology of about 20% of cases remains unknown. Current KS diagnostic criteria include hypotonia during infancy, developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, typical dysmorphism and confirmed pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in or . Care for KS patients includes the control of physical and psychomotor development during childhood, rehabilitation and multi-specialist care. This paper reviews the current clinical knowledge, provides molecular and scientific links and sheds light on the treatment of Kabuki syndrome individuals.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; DNA-Binding Proteins; Face; Hematologic Diseases; Histone Demethylases; Humans; Mutation; Neoplasm Proteins; Phenotype; Vestibular Diseases
PubMed: 33805950
DOI: 10.3390/genes12040468 -
Science Advances Feb 2023Enhancing the intracellular labile iron pool (LIP) represents a powerful, yet untapped strategy for driving ferroptotic death of cancer cells. Here, we show that NRF2...
Enhancing the intracellular labile iron pool (LIP) represents a powerful, yet untapped strategy for driving ferroptotic death of cancer cells. Here, we show that NRF2 maintains iron homeostasis by controlling HERC2 (E3 ubiquitin ligase for NCOA4 and FBXL5) and VAMP8 (mediates autophagosome-lysosome fusion). knockout cells have low expression, leading to a simultaneous increase in ferritin and NCOA4 and recruitment of apoferritin into the autophagosome. knockout cells also have low expression, which leads to ferritinophagy blockage. Therefore, deletion of results in apoferritin accumulation in the autophagosome, an elevated LIP, and enhanced sensitivity to ferroptosis. Concordantly, NRF2 levels correlate with HERC2 and VAMP8 in human ovarian cancer tissues, as well as ferroptosis resistance in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines. Last, the feasibility of inhibiting NRF2 to increase the LIP and kill cancer cells via ferroptosis was demonstrated in preclinical models, signifying the impact of NRF2 inhibition in cancer treatment.
Topics: Humans; Female; Ferroptosis; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Apoferritins; Ovarian Neoplasms; Iron; Homeostasis; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; R-SNARE Proteins
PubMed: 36724221
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9585 -
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy May 2020Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and has been shown to be involved in multiple diseases,...
Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and has been shown to be involved in multiple diseases, including cancer. Stimulating ferroptosis in cancer cells may be a potential strategy for cancer therapy. Therefore, ferroptosis-inducing drugs are attracting more attention for cancer treatment. Here, we showed that erianin, a natural product isolated from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl, exerted its anticancer activity by inducing cell death and inhibiting cell migration in lung cancer cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated for the first time that erianin induced ferroptotic cell death in lung cancer cells, which was accompanied by ROS accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and GSH depletion. The ferroptosis inhibitors Fer-1 and Lip-1 but not Z-VAD-FMK, CQ, or necrostatin-1 rescued erianin-induced cell death, indicating that ferroptosis contributed to erianin-induced cell death. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Ca/CaM signaling was a critical mediator of erianin-induced ferroptosis and that blockade of this signaling significantly rescued cell death induced by erianin treatment by suppressing ferroptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that the natural product erianin exerts its anticancer effects by inducing Ca/CaM-dependent ferroptosis and inhibiting cell migration, and erianin will hopefully serve as a prospective compound for lung cancer treatment.
Topics: Animals; Bibenzyls; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calmodulin; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Dendrobium; Female; Ferroptosis; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Neoplasm Proteins; Phenol; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 32382060
DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0149-3 -
Veterinary and Comparative Oncology Dec 2022One of the primary objectives of the Oncology Pathology Working Group (OPWG) is for oncologists and pathologists to collaboratively generate consensus documents to... (Review)
Review
One of the primary objectives of the Oncology Pathology Working Group (OPWG) is for oncologists and pathologists to collaboratively generate consensus documents to standardize aspects of and provide guidelines for veterinary oncologic pathology. Consensus is established through review of relevant peer-reviewed literature relative to a subgroup's particular focus. In this article, the authors provide a critical review of the current literature for the diagnosis of, and histopathologic prognostication for, canine cutaneous and oral/lip melanocytic neoplasms, suggest guidelines for reporting, provide recommendations for clinical interpretation, and discuss future directions. This document represents the opinions of the working group and the authors and does not constitute a formal endorsement by the American College of Veterinary Pathologists, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine or the Veterinary Cancer Society.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Consensus; Dog Diseases; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Pathology, Veterinary
PubMed: 35522017
DOI: 10.1111/vco.12827 -
Anticancer Research Apr 2020Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed due to the patient seeking medical attention for abdominal pain. It is among the most painful cancers, with pain severity strongly... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed due to the patient seeking medical attention for abdominal pain. It is among the most painful cancers, with pain severity strongly correlating with prognosis. Perineural invasion is a prominent feature of pancreatic cancer and often the first route of metastasis resulting in neuropathic pain. While surgical pain is present, it is generally short-lived; chemo- and radio-therapy associated side effect pain is often longer lasting and more difficult to manage. Treatment-induced mucositis in response to chemotherapy occurs throughout the GI tract resulting in infection-prone ulcers on the lip, buccal mucosa, palate or tongue. Cisplatin treatment is associated with axonal neuropathy in the dorsal root ganglion, although other large sensory fibers can be affected. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia can also emerge in patients. Along with traditional means to address pain, neurolytic celiac plexus block of afferent nociceptive fibers has been reported to be effective in 74% of patients. Moreover, as cancer treatments become more effective and result in improved survival, treatment-related side effects become more prevalent. Here, pancreatic cancer and treatment associated pain are reviewed along with current treatment strategies. Potential future therapeutic strategies to target the pathophysiology underlying pancreatic cancer and pain induction are also presented.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Analgesics, Opioid; Bupivacaine; Cancer Pain; Cisplatin; Humans; Mucositis; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 32234867
DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14133 -
Nature Sep 2022Medulloblastoma, a malignant childhood cerebellar tumour, segregates molecularly into biologically distinct subgroups, suggesting that a personalized approach to...
Medulloblastoma, a malignant childhood cerebellar tumour, segregates molecularly into biologically distinct subgroups, suggesting that a personalized approach to therapy would be beneficial. Mouse modelling and cross-species genomics have provided increasing evidence of discrete, subgroup-specific developmental origins. However, the anatomical and cellular complexity of developing human tissues-particularly within the rhombic lip germinal zone, which produces all glutamatergic neuronal lineages before internalization into the cerebellar nodulus-makes it difficult to validate previous inferences that were derived from studies in mice. Here we use multi-omics to resolve the origins of medulloblastoma subgroups in the developing human cerebellum. Molecular signatures encoded within a human rhombic-lip-derived lineage trajectory aligned with photoreceptor and unipolar brush cell expression profiles that are maintained in group 3 and group 4 medulloblastoma, suggesting a convergent basis. A systematic diagnostic-imaging review of a prospective institutional cohort localized the putative anatomical origins of group 3 and group 4 tumours to the nodulus. Our results connect the molecular and phenotypic features of clinically challenging medulloblastoma subgroups to their unified beginnings in the rhombic lip in the early stages of human development.
Topics: Animals; Cell Lineage; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Cerebellum; Humans; Medulloblastoma; Metencephalon; Mice; Neurons; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 36131015
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05208-9 -
Journal For Immunotherapy of Cancer Jul 2019Head and neck cancers, including those of the lip and oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oropharynx, larynx and nasopharynx represent nearly 700,000 new cases... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Head and neck cancers, including those of the lip and oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oropharynx, larynx and nasopharynx represent nearly 700,000 new cases and 380,000 deaths worldwide per annum, and account for over 10,000 annual deaths in the United States alone. Improvement in outcomes are needed for patients with recurrent and or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the first immunotherapeutic approvals - the anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab - for the treatment of patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) that is refractory to platinum-based regimens. The European Commission followed in 2017 with approval of nivolumab for treatment of the same patient population, and shortly thereafter with approval of pembrolizumab monotherapy for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic HNSCC in adults whose tumors express PD-L1 with a ≥ 50% tumor proportion score and have progressed on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Then in 2019, the FDA granted approval for PD-1 inhibition as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic or unresectable, recurrent HNSCC, approving pembrolizumab in combination with platinum and fluorouracil for all patients with HNSCC and pembrolizumab as a single agent for patients with HNSCC whose tumors express a PD-L1 combined positive score ≥ 1. These approvals marked the first new therapies for these patients since 2006, as well as the first immunotherapeutic approvals in this disease. In light of the introduction of these novel therapies for the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer, The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) formed an expert committee tasked with generating consensus recommendations for emerging immunotherapies, including appropriate patient selection, therapy sequence, response monitoring, adverse event management, and biomarker testing. These consensus guidelines serve as a foundation to assist clinicians' understanding of the role of immunotherapies in this disease setting, and to standardize utilization across the field for patient benefit. Due to country-specific variances in approvals, availability and regulations regarding the discussed agents, this panel focused solely on FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of patients in the U.S.
Topics: B7-H1 Antigen; Consensus; Drug Approval; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Immunotherapy; Patient Selection; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Societies, Medical; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration
PubMed: 31307547
DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0662-5 -
Complementary Therapies in Medicine Jan 2021The current study evaluated the effects of peppermint oil on the frequency of nausea, vomiting, retching, and the severity of nausea in cancer patients undergoing... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
The current study evaluated the effects of peppermint oil on the frequency of nausea, vomiting, retching, and the severity of nausea in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
DESIGN
A quasi-randomized controlled study.
SETTING
Patients were recruited from the ambulatory chemotherapy unit of a public hospital located (Batman, Turkey) between September 2017 and September 2018.
INTERVENTIONS
The participants in the intervention group applied one drop the aromatic mixture on the spot between their upper lip and their nose, three times a day for the five days following chemotherapy administration, in addition to the routine antiemetic treatment. Participants in the control group underwent only the routine antiemetic treatment. Main outcome measures VAS-the severity of nausea and the Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching.
RESULTS
The VAS nausea score was significantly lower after peppermint oil applying in the patients receiving Folfirinox (treatment effect (mean dif.): 4.00±2.28; P<0.001), Paclitaxel-Trastuzumab (treatment effect (mean dif.): 1.70±0.90; P=0.014), Carboplatin-Paclitaxel (treatment effect (mean dif.): 3.71±1.41; P<0.001), and Cyclophosphamide-Adriamycin (treatment effect (mean dif.): 1.41±0.73; P=0.005) excluding cisplatin scedule (treatment effect (mean dif.): 0.56±2,18; P=0.642). We detected a statistical significant difference in the change in frequency of nausea, vomiting, retching in the other all schedules excluding cisplatin schedule (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The peppermint oil was significantly reduced the frequency of nausea, vomiting, retching and the severity of nausea in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, usage of peppermint oil together with antiemetics after chemotherapy with moderate and low emetic risk may be recommended to cope with CINV.
Topics: Adult; Antiemetics; Antineoplastic Agents; Aromatherapy; Female; Humans; Male; Mentha piperita; Middle Aged; Nausea; Neoplasms; Plant Oils; Vomiting
PubMed: 33197662
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102587