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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy May 2020Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and has been shown to be involved in multiple diseases,...
Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and has been shown to be involved in multiple diseases, including cancer. Stimulating ferroptosis in cancer cells may be a potential strategy for cancer therapy. Therefore, ferroptosis-inducing drugs are attracting more attention for cancer treatment. Here, we showed that erianin, a natural product isolated from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl, exerted its anticancer activity by inducing cell death and inhibiting cell migration in lung cancer cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated for the first time that erianin induced ferroptotic cell death in lung cancer cells, which was accompanied by ROS accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and GSH depletion. The ferroptosis inhibitors Fer-1 and Lip-1 but not Z-VAD-FMK, CQ, or necrostatin-1 rescued erianin-induced cell death, indicating that ferroptosis contributed to erianin-induced cell death. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Ca/CaM signaling was a critical mediator of erianin-induced ferroptosis and that blockade of this signaling significantly rescued cell death induced by erianin treatment by suppressing ferroptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that the natural product erianin exerts its anticancer effects by inducing Ca/CaM-dependent ferroptosis and inhibiting cell migration, and erianin will hopefully serve as a prospective compound for lung cancer treatment.
Topics: Animals; Bibenzyls; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calmodulin; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Dendrobium; Female; Ferroptosis; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Neoplasm Proteins; Phenol; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 32382060
DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0149-3 -
JAMA Dermatology Apr 2016To date, the magnitude of association and the quality of evidence for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and risk factors for outcomes have not been reviewed and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
IMPORTANCE
To date, the magnitude of association and the quality of evidence for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and risk factors for outcomes have not been reviewed and analyzed systematically.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically analyze all published data on risk factors for recurrence, metastasis, and disease-specific death (DSD) of cSCC.
DATA SOURCES
Comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus, from each database's inception to May 14, 2015.
STUDY SELECTION
Inclusion criteria were studies of at least 10 patients, comparative data for at least 1 cSCC risk factor, and an outcome of interest. Exclusion criteria were noncutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), anogenital SCC, inability to extract cSCC data from other malignancy data, SCC in situ, Marjolin ulcer, and genetic disorders predisposing to cSCC.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two reviewers independently abstracted the data. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. Risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
A priori outcomes were recurrence, metastasis, and DSD.
RESULTS
Thirty-six studies (17 248 patients with 23 421 cSCCs) were included. Significant risk factors for recurrence were the following: Breslow thickness exceeding 2 mm (risk ratio [RR], 9.64; 95% CI, 1.30-71.52), invasion beyond subcutaneous fat (RR, 7.61; 95% CI, 4.17-13.88), Breslow thickness exceeding 6 mm (RR, 7.13; 95% CI, 3.04-16.72), perineural invasion (RR, 4.30; 95% CI, 2.80-6.60), diameter exceeding 20 mm (RR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.91-5.45), location on the temple (RR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.12-9.15), and poor differentiation (RR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.72-4.14). Significant risk factors for metastasis were: invasion beyond subcutaneous fat (RR, 11.21; 95% CI, 3.59-34.97), Breslow thickness exceeding 2 mm (RR, 10.76; 95% CI, 2.55-45.31), Breslow thickness exceeding 6 mm (RR, 6.93; 95% CI, 4.02-11.94), diameter exceeding 20 mm (RR, 6.15; 95% CI, 3.56-10.65), poor differentiation (RR, 4.98; 95% CI, 3.30-7.49), perineural invasion (RR, 2.95; 95% CI, 2.31-3.75), immunosuppression (RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.07-2.37), and location on the temple (RR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.72-4.63), ear (RR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.67-3.23), or lip (RR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.54-3.37). Significant risk factors for DSD were: diameter exceeding 20 mm (RR, 19.10; 95% CI, 5.80-62.95), poor differentiation (RR, 5.65; 95% CI, 1.76-18.20), location on the ear (RR, 4.67; 95% CI, 1.28-17.12) or lip (RR, 4.55; 95% CI, 1.41-14.69), invasion beyond subcutaneous fat (RR, 4.49; 95% CI, 2.05-9.82), and perineural invasion (RR, 4.06; 95% CI, 3.10-5.32). Evidence quality was considered low to moderate.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Tumor depth is associated with the highest RR of local recurrence and metastasis of cSCC, and tumor diameter exceeding 20 mm is associated with the highest RR of DSD. Unified, consistent collection and reporting of risk factors in a prospective, multicentered effort are needed to further understand the increasing incidence of cSCC.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 26762219
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.4994 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023To mine the adverse drug event (ADE) signals of upadacitinib based on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to provide...
To mine the adverse drug event (ADE) signals of upadacitinib based on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to provide a reference for the safe clinical use of the drug. The ADE data for upadacitinib from Q1 2004 to Q1 2023 in the FAERS database were retrieved, and data mining was performed using the reporting odds ratio and proportional reporting ratio. A total of 21,213 ADE reports for the primary suspect drug upadacitinib were obtained, involving 444 ADEs. Patients aged ≥60 years (21.48%) and female (70.11%) patients were at a higher risk of ADEs with upadacitinib. After data cleaning, 182 ADE signals from 19 system organ classes (SOCs) were obtained. Six of these SOCs that occurred more frequently and were not mentioned in the drug labeling information included renal and urinary system (1.09%), reproductive and breast diseases (1.14%), ear and labyrinth disorders (0.57%), psychiatric disease (0.57%), blood and lymphatic system disorders (0.57%), and endocrine disorders (0.57%). The top ten most frequent ADE signals reported for upadacitinib were mainly related to: infections and infestations (7), investigations (2), and skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (1). The top 10 ADEs in signal intensity ranking were lip neoplasm, ureteral neoplasm, eczema herpeticum, vulvar dysplasia, mediastinum neoplasm, eosinopenia, herpes zoster cutaneous disseminated, eye ulcer, acne cystic, and infection. The top 10 high-frequency events leading to serious adverse events were urinary tract infection (2.74%), herpes zoster (1.63%), diverticulitis (1.19%), bronchitis (0.68%), nasopharyngitis (0.68%), localised infection (0.66%), nephrolithiasis (0.66%), pulmonary thrombosis (0.66%), blood cholesterol increased (0.55%), and pneumonia (0.53%). Clinicians should be vigilant to upadacitinib-induced events in systems not covered in the drug labeling information and to new and highly signaled ADEs to ensure the safe and effective use of upadacitinib.
PubMed: 37663269
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1200254 -
Biostatistics (Oxford, England) Apr 2020The analysis of area-level aggregated summary data is common in many disciplines including epidemiology and the social sciences. Typically, Markov random field spatial...
The analysis of area-level aggregated summary data is common in many disciplines including epidemiology and the social sciences. Typically, Markov random field spatial models have been employed to acknowledge spatial dependence and allow data-driven smoothing. In the context of an irregular set of areas, these models always have an ad hoc element with respect to the definition of a neighborhood scheme. In this article, we exploit recent theoretical and computational advances to carry out modeling at the continuous spatial level, which induces a spatial model for the discrete areas. This approach also allows reconstruction of the continuous underlying surface, but the interpretation of such surfaces is delicate since it depends on the quality, extent and configuration of the observed data. We focus on models based on stochastic partial differential equations. We also consider the interesting case in which the aggregate data are supplemented with point data. We carry out Bayesian inference and, in the language of generalized linear mixed models, if the link is linear, an efficient implementation of the model is available via integrated nested Laplace approximations. For nonlinear links, we present two approaches: a fully Bayesian implementation using a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm and an empirical Bayes implementation, that is much faster and is based on Laplace approximations. We examine the properties of the approach using simulation, and then apply the model to the classic Scottish lip cancer data.
Topics: Biostatistics; Censuses; Computer Simulation; Humans; Kenya; Lip Neoplasms; Models, Statistical; Scotland; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 30202860
DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxy041 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2016Plasmoacanthoma is an extremely rare verrucous tumor located on periorificial regions characterized by dense dermal plasmacytic infiltrates. Some authors classify it as...
Plasmoacanthoma is an extremely rare verrucous tumor located on periorificial regions characterized by dense dermal plasmacytic infiltrates. Some authors classify it as a form of reactive plasma cell proliferation which represents a heterogeneous spectrum of mucocutaneous disorders. These plasma cell proliferations have been considered to be a benign immunologic inflammatory reaction to known or unknown stimuli. However, the etiology of plasmoacanthoma remains highly speculative. We report the case of a 40-year-old woman who presented with a lobulated warty lesion affecting the lower lip. Biopsy from the lesion was compatible with plasmoacanthoma, which remains an underreported disease in the dermatology literature.
Topics: Acanthoma; Adult; Biopsy; Cell Proliferation; Dermis; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lip; Lip Neoplasms; Mouth Mucosa; Plasma Cells; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 28300919
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164673 -
Hematology/oncology and Stem Cell... Dec 2021Increasing trend in oral cancer (0.6% per year) and its related mortality has been reported worldwide since 2010. The United States alone reports an increase of 57%... (Review)
Review
Increasing trend in oral cancer (0.6% per year) and its related mortality has been reported worldwide since 2010. The United States alone reports an increase of 57% within the past 10 years. This emphasizes the need not only for designing strategies of prevention and planning but also for an effective treatment regime for the various oral cancers. Cancers of the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, and hard palate have been primarily classified under the category of oral cancers. If left undiagnosed, these cancers can be life threatening. Amongst these, the most undesignated and understudied cancer type is the lip carcinoma, which is either categorized under oral cancer or/as well as skin cancer or head and neck cancer. However, lip cancer corresponds to 25-30% of all diagnosed oral cancers. Though the etiology of lip cancer is not yet fully understood, numerous risk factors involved in its development are now being studied. The cells in the lip region are continuously exposed to various DNA damaging agents from endogenous as well as exogenous sources. Flaws in DNA repair mechanisms involved in eliminating these damages may be linked to the origin of carcinogenesis. Accumulation of DNA damage and defect in repair mechanisms may play a role in lip carcinogenesis and progression. This literature review is an exhaustive compilation of the research work performed on the role of DNA damage and repair responses in lip carcinoma which will pave a path for researchers to identify predictive DNA repair biomarker/s for lip cancer, and its diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
Topics: Carcinogenesis; DNA Damage; Humans; Lip Neoplasms
PubMed: 33626329
DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2021.01.007 -
Discovery Medicine Jun 2019Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a histopathologically benign and highly vascular neoplasm, which is mainly seen in young adolescent men. It is a rare... (Review)
Review
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a histopathologically benign and highly vascular neoplasm, which is mainly seen in young adolescent men. It is a rare tumor, accounting for 0.05% of all head and neck neoplasms. The etiology of JNA has always been a controversial topic. Some researchers believe that it is a genuine tumor. Others consider that it is the result of vascular malformation caused by the non-absorption of artery residues in the first branchial arch during development, and that hormone and genetic effects are also related to its etiology. In addition, the JNA was so called because it was previously thought to originate from the nasopharynx. However, the origin site of JNA is not completely clear. Several studies emphasized that it originated from the upper lip of the sphenopalatine foramen at the junction of the sphenoid process of the palate and the pterygoid process, while others stressed that it originated from the pterygoid canal. Thus, further studies are needed for identifying the ultimate origin.
Topics: Adolescent; Angiofibroma; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hormones; Humans; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 31421693
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... May 2006Lip cancer is one of the most prevalent skin tumours of the head and neck. The characteristics of the tumour relate to their exophyitic growth in an area of easy visual... (Review)
Review
Lip cancer is one of the most prevalent skin tumours of the head and neck. The characteristics of the tumour relate to their exophyitic growth in an area of easy visual acces which allows their diagnosis in early stages. As a result, there is a better prognosis with the present treatments. In early stages the treatment can be performed by surgery or by brachytherapy, and the results are similar on local control; nevertheless brachytherapy offers the best functional and esthetic results. We are reporting on a review of the literature in relation to indications, techniques and results of brachytherapy for lip cancer.
Topics: Brachytherapy; Humans; Lip Neoplasms
PubMed: 16648757
DOI: No ID Found -
JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics Jul 2023Pakistan has been systematically collecting cancer data since 1994 through cancer registries.
PURPOSE
Pakistan has been systematically collecting cancer data since 1994 through cancer registries.
METHODS
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of cancer statistics in Pakistan from 1994 to 2021, including incidence and patterns.
RESULTS
The total number of patients with malignant neoplasm was 111,941, and the number of patients registered was 109,863. Most patients were from Punjab (67.6%) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (20.2%). Breast cancer (22.2%), colorectum cancer (5.6%), leukemia (5.3%), lip and oral cavity cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (5.1%) were the top five prevalent cancers in all age groups and sexes. Breast (24.2%), colorectum (6.2%), lip and oral cavity (5.8%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (4.4%), and prostate cancers (4.0%) were most common in adults in both sexes. In both sexes, the most common cancers among children were Hodgkin lymphoma (20.1%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (19.8%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (11.6%), osteosarcoma (7.0%), and retinoblastoma (6.2%). Breast (45.9%), ovary and uterine adnexa (4.9%), lip and oral cavity (4.2%), cervix uteri (4.0%), and colorectum cancers (3.9%) were most common in adult females. In adult males, colorectum cancer (8.7%), prostate cancer (8.5%), lip and oral cavity cancer (7.6%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (6.4%), and liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancers were the top five most common malignancies.
CONCLUSION
It has been found that breast cancer, colorectum cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, and bone cancer rates are among the highest in Pakistan. This information may be useful in assessing the effectiveness of future intervention strategies.
Topics: Adult; Male; Child; Humans; Pakistan; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Leukemia; Hodgkin Disease; Prostatic Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Colonic Neoplasms; Registries
PubMed: 37450777
DOI: 10.1200/CCI.22.00142 -
Head and Neck Pathology Dec 2020Data on the occurrence and clinicopathological characteristics of actinic cheilitis (AC) and lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are well studied; however, they are based...
Data on the occurrence and clinicopathological characteristics of actinic cheilitis (AC) and lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are well studied; however, they are based on studies limited to a single centre. Herein, we described the frequency of AC and LSCC submitted to microscopic examination from representative geographic regions of Brazil. A retrospective multicentre study was performed on biopsies obtained from 1953 to 2018 at 10 Brazilian oral and maxillofacial pathology centres. A total of 198,709 biopsy specimens were surveyed. Sociodemographic data and clinicopathologic characteristics were analysed. A total of 2017 cases of ACs (1.0%) and 850 cases of LSCCs (0.4%) were recorded. A strong fair-skinned (> 87%) male (> 70%) predilection was observed in both conditions. The mean age was 54.8 ± 18.7 for individuals with AC and 57.8 ± 19.0 for individuals with LSCC. The most commonly affected site was the lower lip (> 90%). This is a large multicentre study of AC and LSCC from Brazil. The frequency and clinicopathological features of AC and LSCC were similar to those described worldwide. This study provides robust and representative epidemiological data of these conditions for the scientific community.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brazil; Cheilitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lip Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Young Adult
PubMed: 32077056
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01142-2