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Translational Psychiatry Aug 2022In this paper, we propose that lithium may exert its therapeutic effect in bipolar disorder by acting on insulin signaling pathways. Specifically, we assess the... (Review)
Review
In this paper, we propose that lithium may exert its therapeutic effect in bipolar disorder by acting on insulin signaling pathways. Specifically, we assess the importance of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/Akt) insulin signaling pathway and we assess how the action of lithium on both glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and the phosphatidylinositol cycle may lead to mood stabilization mediated by PI3K/Akt insulin signaling. We also highlight evidence that several other actions of lithium (including effects on Akt, Protein kinase C (PKC), and sodium myo-inositol transporters) are putative mediators of insulin signaling. This novel mode of action of lithium is consistent with an emerging consensus that energy dysregulation represents a core deficit in bipolar disorder. It may also provide context for the significant co-morbidity between bipolar disorder, type 2 diabetes, and other forms of metabolic illness characterized by impaired glucose metabolism. It is suggested that developments in assessing neuronal insulin signaling using extracellular vesicles would allow for this hypothesis to be tested in bipolar disorder patients.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Humans; Insulin; Lithium; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 36038539
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02122-6 -
British Medical Journal Jul 1980
Topics: Female; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Lithium; Male
PubMed: 7407501
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.281.6232.61 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in a variety of fields due to their high energy density, high power density, long service life, and environmental friendliness.... (Review)
Review
Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in a variety of fields due to their high energy density, high power density, long service life, and environmental friendliness. However, safety accidents with lithium-ion batteries occur frequently. The real-time safety monitoring of lithium-ion batteries is particularly important during their use. The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have some additional advantages over conventional electrochemical sensors, such as low invasiveness, electromagnetic anti-interference, and insulating properties. This paper reviews lithium-ion battery safety monitoring based on FBG sensors. The principles and sensing performance of FBG sensors are described. The single-parameter monitoring and dual-parameter monitoring of lithium-ion batteries based on FBG sensors are reviewed. The current application state of the monitored data in lithium-ion batteries is summarized. We also present a brief overview of the recent developments in FBG sensors used in lithium-ion batteries. Finally, we discuss future trends in lithium-ion battery safety monitoring based on FBG sensors.
Topics: Lithium; Electric Power Supplies; Ions
PubMed: 37420774
DOI: 10.3390/s23125609 -
Bipolar Disorders Jun 2022Lithium levels are often checked in the inpatient setting when a patient has clear indications of acute kidney injury. Lithium levels can become supratherapeutic in...
Lithium levels are often checked in the inpatient setting when a patient has clear indications of acute kidney injury. Lithium levels can become supratherapeutic in COVID-19 infection even after normalization of creatinine. Lithium levels should be checked routinely in patients with COVID-19 infection in order to avoid supratherapeutic levels.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Bipolar Disorder; COVID-19; Creatinine; Humans; Lithium
PubMed: 35124893
DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13183 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry... May 2022Although oxygen added to nonaqueous lithium-mediated electrochemical ammonia synthesis (LiMEAS) enhances Faradaic efficiency, its effect on chemical stability and...
Although oxygen added to nonaqueous lithium-mediated electrochemical ammonia synthesis (LiMEAS) enhances Faradaic efficiency, its effect on chemical stability and byproducts requires understanding. Therefore, standardized high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance were employed. Different volatile degradation products have been qualitatively analyzed and quantified in tetrahydrofuran electrolyte by adding some oxygen to LiMEAS. Electrodeposited lithium and reduction/oxidation of the solvent on the electrodes produced organic byproducts to different extents, depending on the oxygen concentration, and resulted in less decomposition products after LiMEAS with oxygen. The main organic component in solid-electrolyte interphase was polytetrahydrofuran, which disappeared by adding an excess of oxygen (3 mol %) to LiMEAS. The total number of byproducts detected was 14, 9, and 8 with oxygen concentrations of 0, 0.8, and 3 mol %, respectively. The Faradaic efficiency and chemical stability of the LiMEAS have been greatly improved with addition of optimal 0.8 mol % oxygen at 20 bar total pressure.
Topics: Ammonia; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Lithium; Oxygen
PubMed: 35588323
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00768 -
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 2022Lithium is a mood stabilizer widely used in the pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder and treatment‑resistant depression. Taking into account dysregulated inflammatory...
Lithium is a mood stabilizer widely used in the pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder and treatment‑resistant depression. Taking into account dysregulated inflammatory activity in depression and the immunomodulatory role of lithium, we hypothesized that genes associated with inflammatory responses may be potential biomarkers of lithium action. We aimed to compare gene expression changes between the brain and the periphery after chronic lithium administration in an animal model of depression. Depressive behavior was induced by chronic mild stress protocol for 4 weeks. After 2 weeks, rats started to receive lithium (study group) or water (reference group). The control group were rats not exposed to stress. Amygdala, hippocampus, frontal cortex and peripheral blood were analyzed using whole transcriptome expression microarrays. Changes were confirmed with qPCR and ELISA assay. After 2 weeks of lithium administration, we observed significant changes in gene expression between amygdala and peripheral blood. Logistic regression analysis determined Alox15 expression as a predictor of lithium status, as its expression was tissue‑specific and increased in amygdala and decreased in blood. Analysis of serum ALOX15 protein revealed its upregulation after two‑week lithium administration. Our study suggests that lithium may have therapeutic potential in depressive behaviors. These results indicate immunomodulatory effect of lithium and that Alox15 may be a new potential marker of chronic lithium treatment.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Biomarkers; Depression; Lithium; Lithium Compounds; Pilot Projects; Rats; Water
PubMed: 36214707
DOI: 10.55782/ane-2022-023 -
Acta Medica Portuguesa May 2021Bariatric surgery is a therapeutic option to treat obesity in (carefully selected) patients with psychiatric disorders. About half of the patients referred for bariatric... (Review)
Review
Bariatric surgery is a therapeutic option to treat obesity in (carefully selected) patients with psychiatric disorders. About half of the patients referred for bariatric surgery have a diagnosis of (at least one) mental disorder and most of them are treated with psychotropic drugs. This procedure may modify the bioavailability of drugs and lithium is no exception. However, although absorption seems to decrease in most drugs, in the case of lithium, there is a high risk of toxicity. In this article, we describe the case of a 44-year-old female patient with lithium intoxication after bariatric surgery. We conducted a review of the published clinical cases in the scientific literature about lithium toxicity after bariatric surgery, and we propose potential preventive clinical solutions. It is essential to increase awareness of changes to the absorption of psychotropic drugs in the post-surgery period, particularly in the case of lithium. Regular postoperative clinical and laboratory monitoring of lithium serum levels is strongly recommended.
Topics: Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Female; Humans; Lithium; Mental Disorders; Obesity; Psychotropic Drugs
PubMed: 32955414
DOI: 10.20344/amp.12868 -
British Medical Journal Mar 1978
Topics: Depression; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Humans; Lithium
PubMed: 630233
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6112.578-c -
Translational Psychiatry May 2021Lithium salts are used as mood-balancing medication prescribed to patients suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder and major depressive...
Lithium salts are used as mood-balancing medication prescribed to patients suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Lithium salts cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain parenchyma within few hours after oral application, however, how lithium influences directly human neuronal function is unknown. We applied patch-clamp and microelectrode array technology on human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons acutely exposed to therapeutic (<1 mM) and overdose concentrations (>1 mM) of lithium chloride (LiCl) to assess how therapeutically effective and overdose concentrations of LiCl directly influence human neuronal electrophysiological function at the synapse, single-cell, and neuronal network level. We describe that human iPSC-cortical neurons exposed to lithium showed an increased neuronal activity under all tested concentrations. Furthermore, we reveal a lithium-induced, concentration-dependent, transition of regular synchronous neuronal network activity using therapeutically effective concentration (<1 mM LiCl) to epileptiform-like neuronal discharges using overdose concentration (>1 mM LiCl). The overdose concentration lithium-induced epileptiform-like activity was similar to the epileptiform-like activity caused by the GABA-receptor antagonist. Patch-clamp recordings reveal that lithium reduces action potential threshold at all concentrations, however, only overdose concentration causes increased frequency of spontaneous AMPA-receptor mediated transmission. By applying the AMPA-receptor antagonist and anti-epileptic drug Perampanel, we demonstrate that Perampanel suppresses lithium-induced epileptiform-like activity in human cortical neurons. We provide insights in how therapeutically effective and overdose concentration of lithium directly influences human neuronal function at synapse, a single neuron, and neuronal network levels. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Perampanel suppresses pathological neuronal discharges caused by overdose concentrations of lithium in human neurons.
Topics: Action Potentials; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Lithium; Neurons
PubMed: 33980815
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01399-3 -
Biological Research Mar 2022The Atacama salt flat is located in northern Chile, at 2300 m above sea level, and has a high concentration of lithium, being one of the main extraction sites in the...
BACKGROUND
The Atacama salt flat is located in northern Chile, at 2300 m above sea level, and has a high concentration of lithium, being one of the main extraction sites in the world. The effect of lithium on microorganism communities inhabiting environments with high concentrations of this metal has been scarcely studied. A few works have studied the microorganisms present in lithium-rich salt flats (Uyuni and Hombre Muerto in Bolivia and Argentina, respectively). Nanocrystals formation through biological mineralization has been described as an alternative for microorganisms living in metal-rich environments to cope with metal ions. However, bacterial lithium biomineralization of lithium nanostructures has not been published to date. In the present work, we studied lithium-rich soils of the Atacama salt flat and reported for the first time the biological synthesis of Li nanoparticles.
RESULTS
Bacterial communities were evaluated and a high abundance of Cellulomonas, Arcticibacter, Mucilaginibacter, and Pseudomonas were determined. Three lithium resistant strains corresponding to Pseudomonas rodhesiae, Planomicrobium koreense, and Pseudomonas sp. were isolated (MIC > 700 mM). High levels of S were detected in the headspace of P. rodhesiae and Pseudomonas sp. cultures exposed to cysteine. Accordingly, biomineralization of lithium sulfide-containing nanomaterials was determined in P. rodhesiae exposed to lithium salts and cysteine. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of ultrathin sections of P. rodhesiae cells biomineralizing lithium revealed the presence of nanometric materials. Lithium sulfide-containing nanomaterials were purified, and their size and shape determined by dynamic light scattering and TEM. Spherical nanoparticles with an average size < 40 nm and a hydrodynamic size ~ 44.62 nm were determined.
CONCLUSIONS
We characterized the bacterial communities inhabiting Li-rich extreme environments and reported for the first time the biomineralization of Li-containing nanomaterials by Li-resistant bacteria. The biosynthesis method described in this report could be used to recover lithium from waste batteries and thus provide a solution to the accumulation of batteries.
Topics: Bacteria; Biomineralization; Lithium; Nanoparticles; Pseudomonas
PubMed: 35296351
DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00382-6