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Annals of Translational Medicine Aug 2015Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities (more than 2 cm) containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial... (Review)
Review
Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities (more than 2 cm) containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection. It can be caused by aspiration, which may occur during altered consciousness and it usually causes a pus-filled cavity. Moreover, alcoholism is the most common condition predisposing to lung abscesses. Lung abscess is considered primary (60%) when it results from existing lung parenchymal process and is termed secondary when it complicates another process, e.g., vascular emboli or follows rupture of extrapulmonary abscess into lung. There are several imaging techniques which can identify the material inside the thorax such as computerized tomography (CT) scan of the thorax and ultrasound of the thorax. Broad spectrum antibiotic to cover mixed flora is the mainstay of treatment. Pulmonary physiotherapy and postural drainage are also important. Surgical procedures are required in selective patients for drainage or pulmonary resection. In the current review we will present all current information from diagnosis to treatment.
PubMed: 26366400
DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.07.08 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2021Thunb (; Saururaceae) is widely distributed in Asian regions. It plays an important role in traditional health care and disease treatment, as its aboveground stems and... (Review)
Review
Thunb (; Saururaceae) is widely distributed in Asian regions. It plays an important role in traditional health care and disease treatment, as its aboveground stems and leaves have a long medicinal history in China and are used in the treatment of pneumonia and lung abscess. In clinical treatment, it can usually be combined with other drugs to treat dysentery, cold, fever, and mumps; additionally, is an edible plant. This review summarizes detailed information on the phytochemistry and pharmacological effects of . By searching the keywords " and lung", " and heart", " and liver", and " and inflammation" in PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect, we screened out articles with high correlation in the past ten years, sorted out the research contents, disease models and research methods of the articles, and provided a new perspective on the therapeutic effects of . A variety of its chemical constituents are characteristic of medicinal plants, the chemical constituents were isolated from , including volatile oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Flavonoids and volatile oils are the main active components. In pharmacological studies, showed organ protective activity, such as reducing the release of inflammatory factors to alleviate lung injury. Moreover, regulates immunity, enhances the immune barriers of the vagina, oral cavity, and intestinal tract, and combined with the antibacterial and antiviral activity of its extract, effectively reduces pathogen infection. Furthermore, experiments and showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, and its chemical derivatives exert potential therapeutic activity against rheumatoid arthritis. Antitumour action is also an important pharmacological activity of , and studies have shown that has a notable effect on lung tumour, liver tumour, colon tumour, and breast tumour. This review categorizes the biological activities of according to modern research papers, and provides insights into disease prevention and treatment of .
PubMed: 34539401
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714694 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Apr 2023Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by the bacterial species actinomyces. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary actinomycosis to... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by the bacterial species actinomyces. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of pulmonary actinomycosis to improve awareness and knowledge. The literature was analysed using databases including Pubmed, Medline and Embase from 1974 to 2021. After inclusion and exclusion, a total of 142 papers were reviewed. Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease occurring in approximately 1 per 3,000,000 people annually. Historically, pulmonary actinomycosis was a common infection with high mortality; however, the infection has become rarer since the widespread use of penicillins. Actinomycosis is known as "the great masquerade"; however, it can be differentiated from other diseases with acid-fast negative ray-like bacilli and sulphur granules being pathognomonic. Complications of the infection include empyema, endocarditis, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and sepsis. The mainstay of treatment is prolonged antibiotic therapy, with adjuvant surgery in severe cases. Future research should focus on multiple areas, including the potential risk secondary to immunosuppression from newer immunotherapies, the utility of newer diagnostic techniques and ongoing surveillance post-therapy.
Topics: Humans; Actinomycosis; Actinomyces; Lung Diseases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Penicillins
PubMed: 36801629
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.004 -
Infection & Chemotherapy Sep 2018Since the mid 1980s, the prevalence of liver abscess caused by hypervirulent strain has increased in Asia, particularly in Taiwan and Korea. This strain is mostly K1 or... (Review)
Review
Since the mid 1980s, the prevalence of liver abscess caused by hypervirulent strain has increased in Asia, particularly in Taiwan and Korea. This strain is mostly K1 or K2 serotype, and has hypercapsular and hypermucoid phenotypes. Most infections are community acquired, and patients rarely have a hepatobiliary disease prior to infection. Clinical manifestations are characterized by fever and high C-reactive protein, and metastatic infections, such as septic emboli in the lung and endophthalmitis and meningitis are frequently observed. Antibiotic resistance is rare. Antibiotic treatment and abscess drainage are needed, and early diagnosis and treatment of endophthalmitis is also important.
PubMed: 30270580
DOI: 10.3947/ic.2018.50.3.210 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger May 2021A lung abscess is a necrotising infection leading to loss of healthy lung tissue. It develops over several weeks, and the typical presentation includes cough, fever, and... (Review)
Review
A lung abscess is a necrotising infection leading to loss of healthy lung tissue. It develops over several weeks, and the typical presentation includes cough, fever, and general deterioration. The clinical work-up includes contrast-enhanced CT-scans, and frequently flexible bronchoscopy with broncho-alveolar lavage as described in this review. The infection commonly represents aspiration of oral bacterial flora, including anaerobic microbes. Penicillin resistance is common. A lung abscess generally requires long-term, tailored antibiotic treatment. The patient should consult a dentist to identify possible dental foci.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bronchoscopy; Humans; Lung; Lung Abscess
PubMed: 34060466
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Translational Medicine Aug 2019Postobstructive pneumonia can complicate lung cancer, particularly in more advanced stages of the disease, producing significant clinical decline and a poorer prognosis.... (Review)
Review
Postobstructive pneumonia can complicate lung cancer, particularly in more advanced stages of the disease, producing significant clinical decline and a poorer prognosis. It can lead to complications such as empyema, lung abscess and fistula formation. Postobstructive pneumonia can also be the first manifestation of an underlying malignancy. There are multiple challenges in the management of these patients. Recognition and treatment of this entity can be complex and includes the use of imaging, administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics to cover the wide variety of microorganisms involved and the use of different interventional modalities to relieve the obstruction. Existing literature on postobstructive pneumonia is scarce. In this article, we review the pathophysiology, different diagnostic methods and the therapeutic options to treat this condition. The utility and efficacy of the various modalities that are currently available in clinical practice to the interventional pulmonologist are described in some detail.
PubMed: 31516903
DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.05.26 -
Journal of Ayub Medical College,... 2021
PubMed: 34137562
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatric Radiology Oct 2017Diagnostic imaging plays a significant role in both the diagnosis and treatment of complications of pneumonia in children and chest radiography is the imaging modality... (Review)
Review
Diagnostic imaging plays a significant role in both the diagnosis and treatment of complications of pneumonia in children and chest radiography is the imaging modality of choice. Computed tomography (CT) on the other hand, is not currently a first-line imaging tool for children with suspected uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia and is largely reserved for when complications of pneumonia are suspected or there is difficulty in differentiating pneumonia from other pathology. This review outlines the situations where CT needs to be considered in children with pneumonia, describes the imaging features of the parenchymal and pleural complications of pneumonia, discusses how CT may have a wider role in developing countries where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis are prevalent, makes note of the role of CT scanning for identifying missed foreign body aspiration and, lastly, addresses radiation concerns.
Topics: Child; Community-Acquired Infections; Humans; Pneumonia; Radiography, Thoracic; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 29043419
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3891-0 -
Archives of Iranian Medicine Jun 2022
Topics: Actinomyces; Empyema, Pleural; Humans; Lung Abscess
PubMed: 35943021
DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.65