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Biomolecules Jun 2021Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by immune system dysfunction and is clinically heterogeneous, exhibiting renal, dermatological, neuropsychiatric, and... (Review)
Review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by immune system dysfunction and is clinically heterogeneous, exhibiting renal, dermatological, neuropsychiatric, and cardiovascular symptoms. Clinical and physiological assessment is usually inadequate for diagnosing and assessing pathophysiological processes in SLE. Clinical and immunological biomarkers could play a critical role in improving diagnosis, assessment, and ultimately, control of SLE. This article reviews clinical and immunological biomarkers that could diagnose and monitor disease activity in SLE, with and without organ-specific injury. In addition, novel SLE biomarkers that have been discovered through "omics" research are also reviewed.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
PubMed: 34206696
DOI: 10.3390/biom11070928 -
Annual Review of Medicine Jan 2023Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a devastating autoimmune disease that can result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis and treatment of SLE are... (Review)
Review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a devastating autoimmune disease that can result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis and treatment of SLE are clinical challenges. Patient presentation and response to therapy are heterogeneous because of the complex immune dysregulation that results in SLE disease pathogenesis. An intricate interplay between genetic risk and skewing of adaptive and innate immune system responses leads to overproduction of type I interferons and other cytokines, complement activation, immune-complex deposition, and ultimately inflammation and tissue damage. Here, we review the classification criteria as well as standard and emerging diagnostic tools available to identify patients with SLE. We then focus on medical management, including novel therapeutics, nonpharmacologic interventions, and comorbidity management.
Topics: Humans; Immunity, Innate; Cytokines; Interferon Type I; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
PubMed: 35804480
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-043021-032611 -
Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology Jan 2022Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem auto-immune disease with extremely varied clinical manifestations and a complex pathogenesis. New insights in... (Review)
Review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem auto-immune disease with extremely varied clinical manifestations and a complex pathogenesis. New insights in SLE about pathogenetic pathways, biomarkers, and data on clinical manifestations are progressively emerging, and new drugs and new therapeutic strategies have been proposed to improve the control of disease activity. Thus, this review is aimed to summarise the most relevant data about SLE emerged during 2021, following the previous annual review of this series.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
PubMed: 35088691
DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/nolysy -
Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology May 2023Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations and a relapsing-remitting course. New data regarding... (Review)
Review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations and a relapsing-remitting course. New data regarding pathogenic pathways, biomarkers and clinical manifestations of SLE are emerging, and new drugs and therapeutic protocols have been proposed to improve the control of disease activity. Furthermore, new insights into comorbidities and reproductive health in SLE patients are constantly emerging.This annual review aims to summarise the most relevant data on SLE that was published in 2022.
Topics: Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Autoimmune Diseases; Comorbidity; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37133502
DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/4uc7e8 -
Current Opinion in Rheumatology Nov 2020To compare the recently published European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for SLE with the Systemic... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To compare the recently published European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for SLE with the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Centers (SLICC) criteria and the earlier ACR criteria, focusing on their key concepts.
RECENT FINDINGS
Although the SLICC criteria introduced numbers of new criteria items, the new EULAR/ACR criteria added only noninfectious fever, based on an early SLE cohort study and an SLE patient survey, and condensed hematological, mucocutaneous and neurological items. Whereas the SLICC criteria maintained the overall structure familiar from the ACR criteria, the EULAR /ACR criteria use antinuclear antibodies (ANA) as an obligatory entry criterion, have weighted criteria and group these in domains. Where the SLICC criteria greatly increased sensitivity, losing some specificity, the EULAR/ACR criteria increased specificity again, for excellent classification criteria performance.
SUMMARY
Despite differences in structure and statistical performance, the EULAR/ACR and SLICC criteria agree on the importance of both immunological and clinical findings, on the high impact of lupus nephritis by histology, and on most clinical items.
Topics: Antibodies, Antinuclear; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Rheumatology
PubMed: 32925250
DOI: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000740 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2019
Topics: Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
PubMed: 30858846
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00199 -
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) Dec 2020The EULAR/ACR 2019 classification criteria for SLE constitute a current and optimized clinical approach to SLE classification. Classification is still not based on... (Review)
Review
The EULAR/ACR 2019 classification criteria for SLE constitute a current and optimized clinical approach to SLE classification. Classification is still not based on molecular approaches and the results from large studies using polyomics may be interpreted as demonstrating the relevance of the genetic and environmental background rather than splitting SLE into several entities. In fact, an association study within the EULAR/ACR classification criteria project found associations between manifestations only within organ domains. This independency of various organ manifestations argues for SLE as one disease entity. The current review article will therefore concentrate on the clinical and immunological manifestations of SLE and on what we have already learned in this century. Moreover, the structure and essential rules of the EULAR/ACR 2019 classification criteria will be discussed. While classification and diagnosis are distinct concepts, which have to remain clearly separated, information derived from the process towards the classification criteria is also useful for diagnostic purposes. Therefore this article also tries to delineate what classification can teach us for diagnosis, covering a wide variety of SLE manifestations.
Topics: Antibodies, Antinuclear; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lupus Nephritis; Musculoskeletal System; Skin
PubMed: 33280013
DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa379 -
Immunology Nov 2019Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, although genetic and environmental factors appear to contribute to... (Review)
Review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, although genetic and environmental factors appear to contribute to its pathogenesis. Specifically, infectious processes are associated with SLE onset and exacerbation. However, we are far from a complete understanding of the interactions between infectious agents and the host, explaining the interest in gathering updated scientific information on this topic. According to the literature, the pathogens most frequently associated with SLE are viruses, notably human endogenous retroviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1, alongside certain bacterial components that can also trigger activation of the immune system. The mechanisms underlying autoreactivity remain unclear but various explanations have been proposed, including immunological changes responsible for infectious processes or molecular mimicry between host structures and those of infectious agents.
Topics: Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Molecular Mimicry; Virus Diseases; Viruses
PubMed: 31386190
DOI: 10.1111/imm.13103 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is a common manifestation in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and varies from asymptomatic to life-threatening disease. PH... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is a common manifestation in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and varies from asymptomatic to life-threatening disease. PH can result not only from immune system dysregulation, but also from various conditions, including cardiorespiratory disorders and thromboembolic diseases. Most commonly, SLE-related PH presents with non-specific symptoms, such as progressive dyspnea on exertion, generalized fatigue and weakness and eventually dyspnea at rest. Prompt diagnosis of SLE-related PH and early identification of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms is demanded in order to introduce targeted therapy to prevent irreversible pulmonary vascular damage. In most cases the management of PH in SLE patients is similar to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Furthermore, specific diagnostic tools like biomarkers or screening protocols, to establish early diagnosis seem to be not available yet. Although, the survival rates for patients with SLE-related PH vary between studies, it is evident that PH presence negatively affects the survival of SLE patients.
Topics: Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension; Thromboembolism; Dyspnea
PubMed: 36982160
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065085 -
Reumatologia Clinica 2016Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic disease with a variety of clinical presentations. Monogenic predisposing conditions to the development of this... (Review)
Review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic disease with a variety of clinical presentations. Monogenic predisposing conditions to the development of this disease have been described. As examples, an impaired expression of interferon-α regulated genes or complement deficiencies have been reported in patients with SLE, with particular clinical presentations. Those defects present particular presentations and a different severity, making an argument that lupus is not a single disease but many. Treatment could be individualized depending on the underlying defect generating the subtype of the disease.
Topics: Genetic Markers; Genotype; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Phenotype; Precision Medicine; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 26922326
DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2016.01.005